低聚半乳糖干预缓解肠道炎症的研究进展

肠道炎症已成为我国社会健康的难题和挑战，其发病率在我国迅速增长。肠道炎症发病原因复杂，目前尚缺乏有效的缓解药物，因此加强肠道炎症有效缓解物质的研发至关重要。低聚半乳糖（galactooligosaccharide，GOS）是一种食疗益生性较优的乳源功能性低聚糖，能够有效促进肠道内益生菌的增殖，改变肠道菌群结构，刺激免疫应答，进而改善肠黏膜屏障功能，缓解肠道炎症。本文综述近年来国内外有关肠道炎症及GOS干预缓解肠道炎症作用的研究进展，并对其应用前景进行展望，为此领域的研究提供科学依据。     

Effect of chlorogenic acid on intestinal inflammation,antioxidant status,and microbial community of young hens challenged with acute heat stress

Heat stress in poultry is deleterious to productive performance. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) exerts antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental CGA on the intestinal health and cecal microbiota composition of young hens challenged with acute heat stress. 100-day-old Hy-line brown pullets were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (C) and heat stress group (HS) received a basal diet. HS + CGA₃₀₀ group and HS + CGA₆₀₀ group received a basal diet supplemented with 300- and 600-mg/kg CGA, respectively, for 2 weeks before heat stress exposure. Pullets of HS, HS + CGA₃₀₀, and HS + CGA₆₀₀ group were exposed to 38°C for 4 h while the control group was maintained at 25°C. In this study, dietary CGA supplementation had effect on mitigate the decreased T-AOC and T-SOD activities and the increasing of IL-1β and TNFα induced by acute heat stress. Dietary supplementation with 600 mg/kg CGA had better effect on increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, such as Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, and Christensenellaceae R-7_group, and deceasing bacteria genera involved in inflammation, such as Sutterella species. Therefore, CGA can ameliorate acute heat stress damage through suppressing inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity and cecal microbiota composition.     

Decreased transport of orally administered protein into the blood circulation of developing juveniles of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica

ABSTRACT: To clarify the quantitative changes in the transport of orally intubated protein into the blood circulation as macromolecules in development, immunoglobulin Y (IgY) extracted from chicken eggs was administered orally to juvenile Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica . For the first experiment, which was performed before the commencement of artificial feeding, the oral delivery of 2.0 μg/0.1 g bodyweight of IgY resulted in a rapid increase in plasma IgY to a maximum of 2.30 μg/mL. However, the transport of IgY into the blood decreased significantly in the experiments that followed, which were performed after 12, 25 and 42 days. During this period, bodyweight increased approximately by a factor of eight, and rapid growth of the stomach was observed histologically. Possible contributions for the development of the alimentary canal to the diminishment of intestinal protein assimilation are discussed.     

Biovailability of ivermectin administered orally to dogs

The bioavailability of three formulations of ivermectin was determined following oral administration to dogs. The average peak plasma level (C _max) of ivermectin administered in the standard tablet formulation at 6 and 100 µg/kg of body weight was 2.97 and 44.31 ng/g, respectively. This suggest dose-dependent pharmacokinetics.C _max and total ivermectin bioavailability, as assessed from the area under the plasma curve (AUC), were similar between two tablet formulations of ivermectin administered at 100 µg/kg. Furthermore,C _max was similar following administration of radiolabelled ivermectin at 6 µg/kg in either a beef-based chewable formulation or in the standard tablet formulation.     

Oral malignant melanoma – the effect of coarse fractionation radiotherapy alone or with adjuvant carboplatin therapy

A retrospective study was undertaken of dogs presented to the Animal Health Trust for treatment of oral malignant melanoma, without radiographic evidence of pulmonary metastases. Group 1 (n = 13) received radiotherapy of the primary and any lymph node metastases (4 weekly fractions of 9 Gy); and group 2 (n = 15) were treated the same but additionally received between two and six doses carboplatin at 300 mg m^?2 every 3 weeks. Median survival times for the two groups were 307 and 286 days, respectively (P > 0.05). In addition, carboplatin therapy did not significantly reduce the proportion of dogs dying due to metastases (three from group 1 and four from group 2). We found no evidence of a beneficial effect of carboplatin therapy over radiotherapy alone.     

Relation between TNF-α,TNFR I expression and apoptosis in oral lichen planus

AIM: To examine the expression and distribution of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFR I) and apoptosis in oral lichen planus, and evaluate their roles and relation in the oral lichen. METHODS: Immunohistochemical technique and TUNEL were employed to study the expression of TNF-α, TNFR I and apoptosis in 50 cases of oral lichen planus and 10 normal oral mucosa specimens. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, TNF-α expression was upregulated in mononuclear cells in lamina propria and decreased in keratinocytes in oral lichen planus lesion (P<0.05). On the contrary, TNFR I expression was increased in keratinocytes and decreased in lamina propria in oral lichen planus lesion (P<0.05). The increased apoptosis index in keratinocytes and the decreased apoptosis index in lamina propria were found in oral lichen planus (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The accelerated apoptosis of keratinocytes and the inhibition of lymphocytes apoptosis may contribute to the formation and progression of oral lichen planus.     

烯丙孕素口服液调控母猪同期发情的研究进展

烯丙孕素口服液在国外已被广泛用于母猪同期发情,给药期间可抑制母猪发情,停止给药后重新释放天然激素,母猪会重返发情,以达到同步发情。详细阐述了烯丙孕素口服液的作用机制、药代动力学、临床应用、残留以及毒性,以期为其研究与开发提供一定的参考。烯丙孕素口服液在治疗性成熟母猪同期发情上有较好的应用前景。