几种蔷薇和‘月月粉’与现代月季杂交亲和性评价

以报春刺玫、单瓣黄刺玫、‘月月粉’和疏花蔷薇等抗性强、早花的蔷薇属资源作为父本,以大田栽培的现代月季作为母本进行杂交育种试验。结合前期育种工作,筛选出杂交亲和的组合有22个：‘Eyeopener’×报春刺玫、‘Berk Shire’×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Sally Holmes’×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Partidge’×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Partidge’×报春刺玫、‘Partidge’ב月月粉’、 ‘Partidge’×疏花蔷薇、‘Cambridgeshire’×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Robin Redbreast’×报春刺玫、‘Summer Sunrise’×报春刺玫、‘Tess of The Durbervilles’×报春刺玫、‘Petal Pushers’×报春刺玫、‘Laura Ford ×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Jill Dando ×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Jill Dando ×报春刺玫、‘Twenty\|fifth ×报春刺玫、‘Phea Sant ×报春刺玫、‘Grouse ×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Grouse ×报春刺玫、‘Summer Sunset’×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Anna Zinkeisen ×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Anna Zinkeisen ×疏花蔷薇。     

Latitudinal and seasonal variation in reproductive effort of the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)

Geographic variation in life‐history traits among populations of wide‐ranging species is influenced by both spatial and temporal aspects of the environment. Rarely, however, are the effects of both aspects examined concurrently. We collected gravid female lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) from northern (Indiana), central (Mississippi) and southern (Florida) populations, spanning nearly the full latitudinal range of the species, to examine amongpopulation differences in strategies of reproductive energy allocation. Adult females from the southern population were smaller, and produced fewer and smaller eggs in their first clutches than did females from the more northern populations. Southern females were more likely to produce a second clutch, and second clutches were smaller than first clutches for females from the 2 northern populations. Together these trends eliminated population differences in overall reproductive output after accounting for body size. The trend for greater reproductive energy to be allocated to first clutches at higher latitudes, and to later clutches at lower latitudes is corroborated by published data from field studies on multiple populations. Distributing reproductive effort by producing more clutches of smaller eggs may be an adaptive response to the long season available for egg incubation and lizard activity in sub‐tropical southern environments. In contrast, allocating greater resources to early reproduction may enhance maternal fitness in the relatively short activity seasons that characterize more northern sites.     

蝴蝶兰Phalaenopsis ‘Frigdaas Oxford’和Phal.316杂交F_1代性状分离研究

以中小型-黄底红紫斑纹-蜡质花品种Phalaenopsis‘Frigdaas Oxford’(黄金豹)为母本,大花型-纯白无斑纹-纸质花品种Phal.316为父本进行常规杂交,对其F1代群体的性状分离进行研究。结果表明:F1代群体根据花部性状特点分为11个类群(Group 01~Group 11),17个数量性状介于双亲之间或低于双亲或高于双亲,表现为中亲优势或正向超亲优势或负向优势;杂交后代在花色、斑纹、花朵质地、唇瓣须状物、株高等方面都发生了明显的性状分离,今后可以此为基础进行优良单株或株系的筛选,并为部分花部性状的定向育种提供参考。     

娟姗牛与西杂牛杂交后代生长发育观测

[目的]旨在繁育适于牦牛杂交改良的乳肉兼用父本.[方法]在海拔相对较低的半农半牧区,用娟姗牛与西杂牛杂交,观察杂交后代的生长发育和配种情况.[结果]娟姗牛与西杂牛的杂交后代在甘南州高海拔地区具有较好的适应性,表现出明显的杂交优势,能与甘南牦牛自然交配.     

引进肉用绵羊品种的杂交利用研究进展

文章综述了从国外引进优良肉用绵羊品种对国内不同地方绵羊品种杂交改良方面的研究应用情况,重点介绍了萨福克羊、杜泊羊、无角陶赛特羊、美利奴羊、特克塞尔羊等优良绵羊品种与我国不同地方绵羊品种杂交,其杂交后代在生长发育性能、产肉性能、胴体品质等方面的表现,旨在总结中国肉用绵羊的杂交改良工作,为推动中国肉用绵羊杂交改良,提高地方绵羊的生长性能和肉用性能,扩大我国肉羊的生产规模,促进我国畜牧业的健康发展和动物性肉食结构平衡提供借鉴。     

Analysis of the Offspring Sex Ratio of Chicken by Using Molecular Sexing

The overall sex ratio of offspring （dead embryos and hatch chicks） from all the fertilized eggs of 140 hens collected for 30 days was studied using duplex PCR of certain fragments of sex chromosomes. Additional 894 dead embryos over a period of 21 days of incubation were also investigated to verify the sex ratio of the dead embryos. The sex of the early dead embryos was identified using this molecular sexing technique. The sex ratio of the hatch chicks and the total offspring of the hens investigated in this experiment did not differ from the expected sex ratio （i.e., 1：1）., However, the number of female dead embryos was significantly more than that of males. The data indicated that the different physiologic function of males and females contributed to female-biased mortality during incubation. It was also found by further analysis that the sex ratios of the offspring of some hens were significantly biased to female or male over the period investigated, which suggested that the sex ratio of offspring might be influenced by the maternal condition to some degrees.     

建鲤自交及与黄河鲤正反杂交子代的生长比较和通径分析

以建鲤、黄河鲤为亲本,建立了建鲤自交JL(建鲤♀×建鲤♂)、正交JH(建鲤♀×黄河鲤♂)、反交HJ(黄河鲤♀×建鲤♂)3个试验组合,PIT标记后在养殖157、398、598 d时测定生长参数.结果表明:(1)157、398 d时增重率均为HJ>JH>JL,HJ与JL差异显著(P<0.05);598 d时JL>JH>HJ,子代差异不显著(P>0.05).(2)体长、体重的变异系数在157、398 d 时HJ>JH>JL,598 d 时JL>HJ>JH.体长的变异系数小于体重的变异系数.(3)肥满度随养殖时间增加而增长,JL的肥满度最高并与JH、HJ差异显著;(4)雌、雄鱼生长差异显著,雌鱼生长始终快于JL;雄鱼仅在157 d时有优势,398、598 d时杂种优势衰退.(5)在对体重的决定系数上,398 d时子代均以体长的决定系数占主导;598 d时HJ(♀)、JL(♀)中体高的决定系数占主导,JL(♂)、HJ(♂)、JH(♀)中体长的决定系数占主导,JH(♂)中体长、体高对体重的决定系数差异很小.(6)养殖时间对体重的差异显著性、绝对增重率无显著影响(P>0.05),对体长、绝对增长率、特定生长率、体重变异系数、生长指标及肥满度有极显著影响(P<0.01);鱼的不同交配组合和不同性别对上述生长参数均有极显著影响.     

Effects of Maternal Dietary Energy Restriction on Fat Deposition of Offspring

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of maternal dietary energy restriction on growth performance, serum indices and fat deposition of offspring. A total of 400 female Arbor Acres （AA） broiler breeders were studied. These female birds involved three experimental treatments and a control group with normal dietary energy diets （ND, 11.7 MJ of ME. kgt during the laying）. In treatments 2, 3 and 4, the energies of diets were 20%, 30% and 50% （LD20, LD30 and LD50） lower than those of the control, respectively. The study commenced at the beginning of the laying period when the total egg production reached 5% of the flock. All the broiler offspring were fed the same diets. The results showed that in low energy diets, offspring showed decreased 1-day-old weight, but 49-day-old weight was higher in LD20 diet （P〈0.05）. For offspring during days 1-49, the average daily gain （ADG） in LD20 group and the feed conversion ratio in LD50 group were improved as compared with those of the control （P〈0.05）. Compared with the control, abdominal fat percentage increased in 49-day-old offspring from LD30 diet （P〈0.05）; the fat content of breast muscle in offspring increased in broilers fed low energy diets （P〈0.05）. In 28-day-old offspring from breeders given LD20 and LD50 diets, liver fat percentages were higher compared with ND （P〈0.05）. The subcutaneous fat thickness in 28-day-old offspring from LD50 group and 49-day-old offspring from LD30 group was higher （P〈0.05）. On day 49, the serum cholesterol （CHO） of offspring from breeders fed LD20 diet and serum high-density lipoprotein （HDL） of offspring from breeders fed LD50 diet reduced compared with those of the control （P〈0.05）. In addition, a higher triiodothyronine （T3） content in serum was found in offspring from broiler breeders given LD20 and LD30 diets （P〈0.05）. Serum thyroxine （T4） in offspring significantly decreased with the decrease of diet energy （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, to a certain extent, dietary energy restriction in breeders could improve growth performance and promote lipid metabolism of offspring.     

波尔山羊杂交后代体尺、体重与肉用性能的相关性研究

本文利用 SPSS数据处理软件 (10 .0版 )统计分析了 2 3只 (约 8～ 9月龄 )波尔山羊与唐山奶山羊杂交后代公羊的体尺、体重和肉用性能。结果表明 :(1)波尔山羊与唐山奶山羊杂交 F1 代体尺、体重与肉用性能指标的变异程度大于 F2 代 ,其中宰前重、胴体重、净肉重和胸宽四项指标变异程度在 F1 和 F2 代中都很大 ;(2 )杂交 F1 代、F2 代各项指标 t检验结果 ,除胸宽外其余指标差异显著或极显著 ;(3 )波尔山羊杂交后代中胸宽与各项指标间相关不显著 ,宰前重、胴体重、净肉重与体尺指标相关显著或不显著。