The effect of feeding a novel multistrain yeast fraction on European seabass (Dicentrachus labrax) intestinal health and growth performance

Fish were fed a single‐strain yeast fraction (SsYF; 2 g/kg) or a multistrain yeast fraction (MsYF; 0.8 g/kg) for 10 weeks. The results demonstrated significant (p ≤ 0.03) elevations in weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and feed conversion ratio in fish fed the yeast fraction‐supplemented diets. In the distal intestine, a significant elevation in microvilli density was observed after 5 and 10 weeks of dietary supplementation with MsYF and SsYF, respectively, compared to control fed fish (p < 0.001). A significant elevation (p = 0.02) in the perimeter ratio was observed in fish fed diets supplemented with the yeast fractions. After 10 weeks of feeding on the experimental diets, Rt‐qPCR demonstrated a significant downregulation (p < 0.05) in the stress response genes, heat‐shock protein 70 (hsp70) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), in fish fed diets supplemented with the yeast fractions. Significant (p < 0.05) elevations in interleukin 1‐beta (il1β) and interleukin‐10 (il10) gene expression were observed in fish fed diets supplemented with the MsYF compared to the other dietary groups. These findings suggest that feeding an MsYF specifically at a lower incorporation rate < 1 g/kg, compared to a commercial SsYF at 2 g/kg, is effective in improving the intestinal health status and growth performance of European seabass.     

基于森林健康理念的森林康养产业发展研究

阐述了森林健康理念和森林康养的基本概念,介绍了森林健康理念和森林康养的发展现状,分析了森林健康与森林康养产业之间的关系。结果表明:森林康养产业的理论基础就是基于森林健康理念继承发展来的,必然会促进森林健康产业的发展。运用森林健康理念指导森林康养产业发展是森林康养产业可持续发展的有效途径,森林健康理念在中国会不断完善和发展,也更有利于中国森林康养产业的发展。展望康养产业,会形成一种新的经济形态,成为国民福祉。     

Soil quality assessments in integrated crop–livestock–forest systems: A review

Integrated crop–livestock–forest is a promising strategy to improve soil quality. It comprises four different integrated farming systems: crop–livestock, crop–forest, forest–livestock and crop–livestock–forest. This work systematically reviewed studies about integrated crop–livestock–forest systems and soil quality. A total of 92 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science—Clarivate Analytics platform, and the following information was analysed: publication year, institution, region of the studied site, type of integrated system, soil type, tillage system, maximum soil depth and the soil quality indicators assessed. Most studies were published in the second half of the 2010s. Brazil is a prominent focus of research about soil quality and integrated crop–livestock–forest systems, with significant contribution from its central and southern regions. The Embrapa was the main publishing institution, present in over one‐third of the studies. Crop–livestock was the most common integrated system, Ferralsols was the most common soil group, and most of the studied soils were clayey. No tillage was the main tillage system. Most studies focused on the topsoil, assessing physical and/or chemical soil quality indicators. More emphasis on biological indicators of soil quality is required, as well as assessments integrating biological, physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. Future works should compare different integrated systems, including assessments deeper in the soil profile, especially in systems with the forest component, and also in sandy and silty soils. Soil quality indicators that have been rarely used should be further tested. Novel indicators should be added to better understand the promotion of soil quality by integrated crop–livestock–forest systems.     

围场县马铃薯中典型药物污染特征及健康风险评价

为掌握典型药物在农作物中的污染特征及健康风险,保障农产品质量安全,利用超声萃取-固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术,对围场县全县马铃薯中5大类(磺胺类、四环素类、氟喹诺酮类、大环内酯类及其他类)25种药物污染水平及富集效果进行了调查,并对健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,有20种目标物被检出,不同目标物检出率差异显著,检出含量范围为0.13～3.67μg·kg-1,单种污染物最高检出含量为17.0μg·kg-1。马铃薯对目标污染物的富集系数范围在0.01～39.6之间,最大富集系数为61.8。畜禽粪便是马铃薯中药物残留的主要来源,尽管整体检出水平和健康风险相对较低,但长期摄入与协同作用引发的潜在健康风险不容忽视。因此,仍需严控污染源头,推进畜禽粪便安全资源化利用,确保农田环境质量及农产品安全品质。     

北方农牧交错带农田生态系统健康评价 ——以武川县为例

采用生态系统健康的理论和评价方法分析评价农田生态环境问题具有重要的理论和现实意义,应用生态健康指数定量评价农田健康水平是生态系统管理的重要内容。以武川县农田为研究对象,选择水分、生物量、幅宽等代表性指标,分析了不同作物覆盖下农田生态健康指数。结果表明:不同种植模式间农田健康指数差别明显。播种期较早的小麦田最为健康,没有采用地膜覆盖的马铃薯田健康指数最低,而采用地膜覆盖的马铃薯田健康指数比较高。推广小麦栽培和覆膜栽培是北方农牧交错带农田很好的经营管理模式,具有推广价值,是缓解该地区环境的有效手段之一。     

Viral diseases of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus)

The ostrich is an important animal in many livestock industries. A significant threat to this industry is losses from diseases. Newcastle disease is a notifiable, highly contagious viral infection of ostriches. Avian influenza may be transmitted from waterfowl, shorebirds and gulls to ostriches. Borna disease virus is a viral neurotropic infection spread mainly by rodents and felines. Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever is a viral disease transmitted by Hyalomma ticks to humans. Avipoxvirus afflicts ostrich chicks and is transmitted by mosquitoes or by direct contact with a pox lesion. Maintenance of a healthy and profitable enterprise requires the implementation, with assistance from the local veterinary authority, of comprehensive, practical and effective methods of health management and preventative medicine.     

单纯性肥胖儿童综合干预及健康教育模式探讨

目的对单纯性肥胖儿童进行综合干预,探讨"医院-学校-社区-家庭四位一体"的健康教育模式,达到对单纯性肥胖儿童的有效控制和良好的健康教育。方法肥胖组采用:(1)干预问卷调查设计方案;(2)对肥胖组儿童的干预;(3)学校与社区对肥胖儿童的发展关注与否的调查与干预;(4)家长对儿童养育观念的影响;(5)测定干预前后的两组生化检测指标(总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血尿酸、血糖);对照组:在未做任何干预的情况下对本组儿童进行相应的问卷调查与生化检测。结果经干预后肥胖儿童吃饭速度快、常吃油炸食品者比干预前明显减少,每天户外活动超过2h和有吃早餐良好习惯者则比干预前明显增多(P<0.01或0.05);肥胖组干预前的总能量、脂肪、总胆固醇和血尿酸均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),干预后肥胖组的能量摄入明显下降(P<0.05),脂肪的摄入及总胆固醇和血尿酸也有所下降,但差异尚未达统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后肥胖组儿童家长对孩子的养育观念更科学、养育方式更为合理。结论实施"医院-学校-社区-家庭四位一体"的健康教育模式,制定综合干预措施,有效降低了单纯肥胖儿童的发生率,对减少肥胖所致的并发症具有重要的临床意义。     

基于熵权可拓物元模型土地利用系统健康诊断——以河西走廊为例

通过构建PSR模型的指标体系,运用熵权可拓物元模型对河西走廊的土地利用系统健康进行评价。研究结果:2000—2014年这15年期间,根据可拓物元模型经典域取值区间,河西走廊整体土地利用系统健康水平处于N03,健康等级为临界状态,健康水平保持稳定;河西走廊的土地系统健康水平分布具有一定的规律性,呈现出由中间向两边逐渐降低的趋势;河西走廊生态环境脆弱,森林覆盖率、水土流失程度和土壤盐渍化率是制约土地利用系统健康水平提升的重要因素。研究表明,将熵权可拓物元模型应用于土地利用系统健康评价,可以有效地避免人为因素的干扰,客观地评价研究区域土地利用系统健康的各要素之间的关系,揭示各个指标的水平状态,挖掘土地利用系统健康存在的具体问题,适用于土地利用系统健康的评价。     

海河流域控制性河流生态环境需水量研究

文中基于水量、水热、水沙和水盐平衡理论和河流生态功能性划分理念,构建考虑了河流基本生态、自净、输沙和生态景观等功能的河流系统生态环境需水量理论体系。以境内河流监测站水文数据为基础,研究海河流域控制性河流的生态环境需水量,结果表明:该区域地表水资源量尚不能满足河流自净水量,河流生态修复年需水量86.65×108m3/a,城市景观河流生态环境年需水9.0×108m3/a,采取节水措施,减少污染物排放,加强雨水、洪水等非常规水资源开发和调配有望改善现状。     

河北农业大学新生心理健康状况调查结果与分析

使用“大学生人格健康调查表”（UPI）对河北农业大学2006级的7202名新生进行调查,结果显示：河北农业大学新生中,一类学生筛选率为6％,二类学生筛选率为17．8％。男生心理健康状况好于女生,来自城镇的学生心理健康状况好于来自农村的学生,独生子女个体心理健康状况好于非独生子女个体。农大新生选择频次最高的题目是“缺乏自信”,困扰他们的问题主要集中于情绪方面。