化隆县林草地鼠虫害调查及防治

就化隆县林草地带鼠虫害发生及防治情况进行了总结,指出了存在的问题,并就今后防治情况提出了建议。     

山奈酚对三硝基丙酸诱导氧化应激胎鼠的影响

试验旨在研究山奈酚对三硝基丙酸诱导亲代小鼠氧化应激从而对子代胎鼠氧化应激和抗氧化能力的作用.42只亲代小鼠分为3组:对照组、氧化应激模型组、抗氧化剂组,试验重复3次.测定妊娠20d后的子代胎鼠肝脏、肺脏和心脏3个器官中的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC...     

氨基酸铁在大鼠小肠中的吸收及组织中沉积研究

本试验用50日龄Wistar纯系雄性大鼠,采用体内原位结扎肠段灌注技术和放射性同位素示踪技术,研究了氯基酸螯合铁(以赖氨酸螯合铁和甘氨酸螯合铁为代表)的吸收特点。试验中观察了向结扎肠段灌注含不同形态铁的吸收液后,不同时间点(5、15、30、60、90、120分钟)血液中59Fe比放射性的动态变化;120分钟(试验结束)时不同组织器官中59Fe的放射性大小和总铁含量以及主要血液学指标的变化。试验结果表明:①赖氨酸和甘氨酸都能促进大鼠对铁的吸收。②与相应摩尔浓度的氨基酸与氯化亚铁的混合物相比,赖氨酸螯合铁和甘氨酸螯合铁能更有效地被大鼠吸收。综合分析本试验结果认为,氨基酸螯合铁都是一种优秀的铁添加剂。从本试验结果看,放射性同位素示踪技术结合结扎十二指肠段灌注技术不失为一种研究动物对微量元素吸收情况的理想试验手段。     

微生物源性抗氧化剂对LPS诱导的大鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用

以脂多糖(LPS)致大鼠氧化损伤为模型研究微生物源性抗氧化剂(microbe-derived antioxidantm,MA)对大鼠抗氧化功能和肝脏损伤修复的作用。选用100只雄性SD大鼠(185.74±6.86)g,随机分成4组,分别为对照组、LPS组、LPS+0.5MA组和LPS+1.0MA组。各处理组试验鼠均饲喂基础日粮,LPS+0.5MA组和LPS+1.0MA组饮水中分别添加MA 0.5mL/只/d和1.0mL/只/d;试验第29天,LPS组、LPS+0.5MA组和LPS+1.0MA组分别腹腔注射LPS 3mg/kg,对照组注射等剂量的生理盐水。结果表明,MA可显著提高正常大鼠血清和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P0.05);MA处理后,显著减缓LPS所致的血清和肝脏SOD和GSH-Px酶活性下降(P0.05),显著降低血清和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)水平(P0.05),有降低血清谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性的趋势(P0.05)。结论,MA具有提高大鼠抗氧化能力,修复肝脏氧化损伤的作用,且呈一定的剂量效应。     

Protective effects of selenium and vitamin E on rats consuming maize naturally contaminated with mycotoxins

Protective effects of antioxidant additives of selenium and vitamin E on rats that consumed maize naturally contaminated with mycotoxins were explored in this paper. Thirty-two Wistar female rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control group was given the basic diet with normal maize. The contaminated maize group was given the diet in which normal maize was replaced by mycotoxin-contaminated maize. The selenium group and vitamin E group were respectively fed mycotoxincontaminated diet supplemented with 0.4mg · kg⁻¹ selenium from yeast or 100 mg · kg⁻¹ vitamin E. The trial lasted for 4 weeks. Compared with the control group, antioxidative status was decreased significantly in the contaminated maize group. However, the status in the selenium group and vitamin E group was increased significantly compared with the contaminated maize group. The activities of enzymes related to liver function were significantly higher in the contaminated maize group than those in the control group, whereas they were significantly lower in the selenium group and/or the vitamin E group compared to the contaminated maize group. It is concluded that selenium and vitamin E were able to alleviate oxidative stress and liver function damage due to the consumption of maize naturally contaminated with mycotoxins.     

Bioavailability of tryptophan in selected foods by rat growth assay

Tryptophan bioavailabilities were estimated in 16 protein sources using 10 day rat growth assays with casein as the reference protein. Growth responses of rats fed test food diets were compared to growth responses of rats fed basal diets with graded levels of tryptophan ranging from 50 to 100 mg of tryptophan/100 g diet. Estimates of tryptophan availabilities were 85–100% for all products except whole wheat cereal (73%) and pinto beans (59%). Results of a previous study on lysine availability indicated that poor response to pinto beans was due either to poor digestibility or to the presence of some unidentified growth inhibitor.     

富硒麦芽对二乙基亚硝胺所致大鼠肝癌、伴癌综合征及血糖调节相关激素的影响

雄性SD大鼠233只,随机分成6组。组Ⅰ~组Ⅲ为富硒麦芽(SEM)处理组,日粮中添加SEM使硒含量分别为0.3、1.0、3.0 mg.kg-1;组Ⅳ~组Ⅵ,分别为亚硒酸钠(SS)组、模型组、正常对照组,日粮中添加SS至硒含量分别为3.0、0.1、0.1 mg.kg-1。组Ⅰ~组Ⅴ,饮水中添加二乙基亚硝胺(DEN,100 mg.L-1)诱癌,连续16周。18周末采血、处死所有大鼠,观察肝脏形态学、肝癌标志物、肝功能、血糖、血钙及血糖调节相关激素的变化。结果发现,某些剂量的SEM能显著地减少肝癌大鼠肝表面癌结节数目,降低肝癌标志物甲胎球蛋白、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶、γ谷氨酰转肽酶和胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ的含量,降低丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、总胆红素水平,抑制血糖水平下降和血钙升高,提升胰岛素、胰高血糖素、甲状腺素和三碘甲腺原氨酸等激素水平并改变其相对关系,且作用显著强于SS组。血糖与上述指标间均存在显著相关性。表明:SEM比SS能更有效地抑制DEN所致肝损伤,延缓肝癌进程,保护肝脏;肝癌大鼠低血糖症、高血钙症的发生与多种因素有关。     

饥饿胁迫对鲤形体、体成分及血液生理指标的影响

为了解饥饿胁迫对鲤形体、鱼体生化成分及血液生理的影响,在18～22℃条件下对鲤进行了0 d、10 d、20 d、30d的饥饿试验。试验结果表明,随着鲤饥饿时间的延长,肥满度、肠体比、肝体比呈现下降趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);鲤肌肉中水分和粗灰分呈现升高的趋势,粗脂肪呈现下降的趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05),粗蛋白呈现下降的趋势,差异显著(P<0.05);血液中红细胞数量、血红蛋白值显著下降(P<0.05),白细胞数量呈现上升的趋势,血糖含量先下降后稳定下来。说明短期饥饿胁迫使鲤形体发生一定改变、随着饥饿时间的延长,鲤首先动用肌肉中的脂肪,再动用蛋白质来维持体内的正常代谢,同时血液生理指标也发生与饥饿相适应的变化。     

Antidiabetic properties of aqueous barks extract of Parinari excelsa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The aqueous extract of the Parinari excelsa barks at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg/day for 7 days has a significant antihyperglycemic effect on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. At the same dose the acute oral administration of aqueous extract of the P. excelsa barks (100 and 300 mg/kg) induced a significant decrease of blood glucose on glucose-loaded normoglycaemic rats. Our results seem to confirm the rational bases for its use in traditional medicine.     

复方中草药对大鼠热应激蛋白70mRNA的表达影响

采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)对热应激模型组、热应激加中草药配方一组、热应激加中草药配方二组和对照组的SD大鼠的肝组织进行HSP70mRNA表达检测,观察清热复方中草药对两种模型大鼠肝HSP70mRNA表达的影响,并以β-actin为内参照进行基因表达水平的半定量分析。结果显示热应激组中HSP70mRNA的表达高于对照组(P<0.05);热应激加中草药配方一组和热应激加中草药配方二组高于热应激组(P<0.05),但其二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明清热复方中草药可诱导热应激大鼠肝脏组织中HSP70表达量的增加,从而提高组织细胞的耐受性,避免损伤,对机体起保护作用。