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冠层温度(canopy temperature,Tc)是作物水分胁迫计算的基础。准确地剔除热红外图像中的土壤背景,可以提高作物水分的监测精度。该研究以4种水分处理的拔节期夏玉米为研究对象,借助无人机可见光和热红外图像,采用红绿比值指数(red-green ratio index,RGRI)法提取研究区域的面状玉米冠层温度的空间分布信息,并分析每幅热红外图像上冠层温度的累积频率。该并提出了两种改进作物水分胁迫指数(crop water stress index,CWSI)性能的方法,一是使用基于正态分布的不同统计分位数分割冠层温度,并基于不同统计分位数上的平均冠层温度计算CWSI(记为CWSITcF%)。二是基于冠层温度方差(canopy temperature variance,Var),将玉米冠层数据分为4个区间:区间Ⅰ,Tc≤40,Var≤10;区间Ⅱ,Tc≤40,10< Var≤20;区间Ⅲ,35< Tc<45,Var>20;区间Ⅳ,40< Tc<50,0< Var≤20,并在各自区间上选择最敏感的统计分位数计算CWSI(记为CWSIn)。研究结果表明:1)利用2020年和2021年两年数据计算的CWSIn与作物生理指标(气孔导度Gs、净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr)间的决定系数R2分别为0.72、0.52、0.62 ,nRMSE分别为23.96%、24.06%、25.60%,模型拟合精度高于原始CWSI(R2分别为0.73、0.34、0.46,nRMSE分别为23.69%、28.27%、30.21%),但与CWSITcF%差别不大(R2分别为0.74、0.54、0.61,nRMSE分别为22.87%、23.74%、25.61%);2)虽然CWSITcF%能提高诊断作物水分胁迫的精度,但最敏感的冠层温度区间在年际间相差较大(2020,61.17%;2021,49.38%;两年数据,83.51%),而CWSIn稳定性更高(与生理指标间的nRMSE分别为:2020年16.60%、27.37%、28.49%;2021年21.60%、18.95%、22.64%)。因此,综合来看 CWSIn可以更加精确地监测作物水分胁迫,利用该改进方法可为无人机遥感精准监测作物水分胁迫状况提供参考。 相似文献
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针对现在市场上常见的两种大米掺伪现象,利用近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学方法分别建立了大米中掺入低档米和掺入矿物油的定量分析模型。制配不同掺伪比例的大米样品,采集其近红外光谱,并选用标准正态变量变换、最大最小归一化、平滑和一阶导数4种方法对原始光谱进行预处理,分别结合偏最小二乘法建立PLS定量分析模型。通过对比建模结果选出的最优预处理方法是最大最小归一化,建立的掺低档米模型的校正集和预测集相关系数分别为0.9698和0.9845,均方根误差分别为8.66和6.46;掺矿物油米模型的校正集和预测集相关系数分别为0.9739和0.9888,均方根误差分别为0.106和0.0698。模型的预测精度和稳定性均很好,实现了对两种掺伪大米快速、准确的定量判别,为大米的品质监控提供了一种新的方法思路。 相似文献
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In the coastal zone of the Sea of Okhotsk off Hokkaido, Japan, the giant ezo scallop ( Patinopecten yessoensis ) is widely cultivated on the sea bed, making its fishery a major industry. However, the area experiences intense cyclones, including typhoons, about once a decade and the scallop resources appear to have received severe damage from the storms. Such an event occurred on 29 October 1988. The storm caused 12-m-high wind waves, which appeared to be fully developed sea waves. The water above the sea bed repeatedly moved back and forth at speeds of 1∼2 m s-1 causing damage to the scallops due to collisions and rubbing with gravel and other scallops. From a comparison of wind data with the annual catch of scallops, intense cyclones seem to play an important role on the year-to-year fluctuations in the scallop fishery. 相似文献
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人工神经网络NIR定量分析方法及其软件实现 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
在Visual C++环境中采用面向对象技术,开发了PCA-MBP-NIR定量分析模型软件。通过40份小麦样品的原始光谱、加噪光谱(信噪比为14dB)与含水率所建立的PLS-NIR与PCA-MBP-NIR模型,对10份未知小麦样品的原始光谱、加噪光谱分别进行含水率的PLS-NIR与PCA-MBP-NIR预测分析。分析表明,对于含噪声的光谱,与PLS建模相比,使用PCA-MBP-NIR对未知样品预测结果具有更高的相关系数,更低的预测误差标准差。 相似文献
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Saiful Karim 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):827-839
To separate soil humic acids (HAs) into their constituents and characterize them, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was carried out in the presence of 7 M urea using a preparative electrophoresis system. Two types of soil HAs were fractionated into nine fractions by PAGE. The dark-colored constituents were recovered from the electrophoretic fractions by precipitation on acidification, and the brown-colored constituents dissolved in the acidic solution of fast-moving fractions were recovered by adsorption onto DAX-8 resin. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) confirmed that the constituents of the HAs were separated based on their molecular size by PAGE. The dark-colored constituents exhibited higher degrees of humification than did the corresponding unfractionated HAs, except for the constituents remaining in the electrophoretic gels at the end of electrophoresis. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy revealed that the chemical properties of the dark-colored constituents changed regularly: the content of carboxyl groups decreased and the proportions of proteinous, aliphatic and polysaccharide moieties increased with increasing molecular size. The humification degrees of the constituents adsorbed onto DAX-8 resin were considerably lower than those of the corresponding unfractionated HAs. The chemical properties of the DAX-8-adsorbed constituents were different from those of the dark-colored constituents. Observation of electrophoretic fractions under blue light (470 nm) and HPSEC with fluorescence detection at an excitation wavelength of 460 nm and an emission wavelength of 520 nm showed that green fluorescent substances were largely concentrated in the smallest molecular size fractions and were partitioned into both the dark-colored precipitates and DAX-8-adsorbed fractions. The proportion of organic carbon recovered by precipitation and adsorption onto DAX-8 resin was 45–63%, indicating that substantial parts of the HA constituents were missing. The unrecovered constituents were considered to be acid-soluble, nearly colorless substances. The dissociation of the acid-soluble constituents from the acid-insoluble dark-colored constituents during the preparative PAGE of soil HAs was ascribed to disruption of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions caused by concentrated urea. 相似文献
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Haibin Liao Jianguo Wu Wenrong Chen Weidong Guo Chunhai Shi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1725-1734
In order to provide references for leaf nutrition diagnosis of fingered citron, the technique of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was introduced to analyze nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in the dry-leaf samples of fingered citron. The best calibration model for N was developed with high RSQCAL (0.90), SD/SECV (2.73) and low SEC (1.06 mg g?1), good calibration models were obtained for P, K, Fe and Mn, and no significant correlations were found between the spectra and the individual amounts of Zn and Cu. When tested using a validation set (n = 38), N was well predicted with low values of SEP (1.21 mg g?1) and high RPD (2.5). The values of SEP and RPD were also acceptable for the external validation of P, Fe and Mn. Near-infrared spectroscopy analysis technique shows potential of diagnosing minerals in fingered citron, particularly for N, P, Fe and Mn. 相似文献