A BOOST TECHNIQUE FOR IRRADIATION OF MALIGNANT CANINE NASAL TUMORS

Eighteen dogs with malignant nasal cavity tumors were treated with radiation therapy, including a boost technique. Three 3:0 Gy boost doses were added to a treatment protocol consisting of sixteen 3.0 Gy daily fractions, bringing the total dose to 57 Gy. This boost technique was implemented without an associated increase in overall treatment time by giving the boost doses on a twice-a-day basis. Boost doses were given during the first half of the radiation therapy period. The treatment was completed as planned in 16 of the 18 dogs; two dogs received lower doses (51 and 54 Gy). Median survival was 177 days, poorer than in some other reported studies of nasal tumor irradiation. Acute effects were unacceptable, with 11 of the 18 dogs developing severe mucositis, desquamation, edema, swelling, and pruritus. The extensive nature of the acute reactions compromised assessment of the effect of the increased radiation dose on the tumor. Although there is justification for assessing more aggressive radiation protocols in canine nasal tumor patients, total doses approximating 60 Gy can not be given as described because of the inability of acutely responding normal tissues to compensate.     

Results from the treatment of advanced stage squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum in cats, using a combination of intralesional carboplatin and superficial radiotherapy: a pilot study

Six cats with an advanced stage squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal planum were treated with a combination of superficial radiotherapy and intralesional carboplatin therapy. This multimodality protocol was well tolerated by the majority of cats and resulted in complete responses in all cats (100%). Median follow‐up for all cats is 268 days, and the median time‐to‐recurrence, time‐to‐progression and overall survival have not yet been reached. Our study, although limited in number of animals and with a relatively short median follow‐up compared to other studies for this disease, suggests that a combination of radiotherapy and intralesional carboplatin is a useful treatment option for an advanced stage SCC of the nasal planum in cats and warrants further application of the multimodality approach presented here.     

微生物菌群培养组学在动物医学中的应用

实验室条件下可培养的微生物约占自然界中微生物总数的1%，这限制了人们对99%未知微生物的认识和利用，而研究表明，那些“不可培养的微生物”是可以被开发和利用的，未能被纯培养的微生物才是未知微生物的主体。微生物培养组学探索利用多种培养条件和长时间的培养，结合基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法（MALDI-TOF-MS）和16S核糖体RNA（rRNA）测序可以大规模鉴定各种微生物，同时利用全基因组测序和宏基因组测序手段对未知微生物进行深入分析。本文综述了国内外近年来微生物菌群培养组学在反刍动物胃肠道、禽类盲肠及家畜鼻腔微生物菌群研究中的最新进展，探讨将动物体内菌群培养组学方法应用于动物疾病防治领域的可行性。作为一个新兴的研究方法，尽管该培养组学还存在一些不够成熟的方面，但它的发展前景十分广阔，微生物菌群培养组学方法和其他研究方法的互补已经逐渐成为发展兽医微生物学新的突破口。     

一起山羊地方性鼻内肿瘤的诊断

陕西省某山羊养殖场发生一起山羊鼻内肿瘤病,通过流行病学和临床症状调查、病理剖检、病理切片检查进行初步诊断。其次根据GenBank收录的山羊地方性鼻内肿瘤病毒基因组序列设计1对特异性引物,通过PCR方法从肿瘤组织中扩增获得目的片段并测序。序列比对分析表明,该目的基因和山羊地方性鼻内肿瘤病毒高度相似,最终确定该病为山羊地方性鼻内肿瘤病毒引起的山羊地方性鼻内肿瘤(ENT)。     

The effects of maxillary nerve block,ethmoidal nerve block and their combination on cardiopulmonary responses to nasal stimulation in anesthetized Beagle dogs

ObjectiveTo describe an approach for ethmoidal nerve block (E_BLOCK) and to compare the effects of a maxillary nerve block (M_BLOCK), E_BLOCK and their combination (M-E_BLOCK) on heart rate (HR), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures and respiratory rate (f_R) during nasal stimulation in dogs.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized, crossover placebo-controlled study.AnimalsBeagle dogs (five cadavers, nine live dogs), with a median (interquartile range) weight of 10.5 (10.3–11.0) kg.MethodsThe accuracy of iohexol injections (each 1 mL) at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina in cadavers was evaluated using computed tomography. Then, anesthetized dogs were administered four bilateral treatments separated by 1 week, saline or 2% lidocaine 1 mL per injection: injections of saline at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina (Control), injections of lidocaine at the maxillary foramina and saline at the ethmoidal foramina (M_BLOCK), injections of saline at the maxillary foramina and lidocaine at the ethmoidal foramina (E_BLOCK) and injections of lidocaine at all foramina (M-E_BLOCK). The ventral nasal meatus was bilaterally stimulated using cotton swabs, and HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R were continuously recorded. Values for each variable were compared before and after stimulation using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Changes in variables among treatments were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsComputed tomography revealed iohexol distribution around the openings of the target foramina in all cadavers. In living dogs, HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R significantly increased after stimulation within each treatment (p < 0.03). Physiologic responses were significantly attenuated, but not absent, in the M-E_BLOCK [HR (p = 0.019), SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R (all p ≤ 0.001)] compared with those in the Control.Conclusions and clinical relevanceConcurrent injections of lidocaine at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina attenuated HR, arterial pressure and f_R responses to nasal stimulation in Beagle dogs.     

重庆市20例经鼻高流量氧疗治疗重型新型冠状病毒肺炎的疗效分析

为评价经鼻高流量氧疗(high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, HFNC)治疗重型新型冠状病毒肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia, NCP)的临床疗效,对重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心2020年1月24日-2月23日收治的20例接受HFNC治疗的重型NCP患者临床资料进行了回顾性分析.结果表明:经HFNC治疗后, 7例(35%)患者症状及氧合指数(oxygenation index,用P/F表示)改善,继续HFNC治疗; 13例患者(65%)经治疗后症状无改善或出现加重或恶化,改为无创通气(noninvasive ventilation, NIV)或有创机械通气(invasive mechanical ventilation, IMV).两组患者在性别、年龄、基础疾病等一般资料方面差异无统计学意义(p0.05),但HFNC治疗失败组平均年龄高于HFNC治疗成功组(分别为63.30岁和57.76岁).对HFNC治疗进行失败风险的单因素分析发现,治疗成功及失败患者的初始呼吸频率、 CD4+绝对值、P/F、治疗前ROX指数(rate-oxygenation index)、 12 h ROX指数比较差异无统计学意义(p0.05),但治疗成功者基线SaO_2、治疗后2 h ROX指数和治疗后12 h ROX指数显著升高(p0.05).对单因素分子中p0.05的因素及基线P/F用Cox风险比例模型进行分析发现,基线SaO_2、基线P/F和治疗后2 h、治疗后12 h的ROX指数均不是HFNC治疗失败的独立危险因素,但它们的值越低, HFNC治疗失败的风险就越大.基线P/F200 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)时, HFNC治疗失败的风险高于P/F≥200 mmHg者. HFNC可用于治疗基线P/F≥200 mmHg的重型NCP患者,而基线P/F200 mmHg或年龄≥50岁的患者,治疗失败的风险较大.     

低氧条件下甘肃鼢鼠鼻黏膜内含SP及CGRP的免疫反应纤维长度变化

运用免疫组织化学方法对比了常氧条件下与低氧条件下甘肃鼢鼠鼻黏膜内含P物质(SP)及降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的神经纤维平均长度的变化情况。结果表明,甘肃鼢鼠在低氧条件下,鼻腔嗅黏膜内含SP及CGRP的免疫反应纤维的平均长度与常氧条件下的比率分别为0.97和1.09,呼吸黏膜的比率分别为1.20和1.22,明显小于SD大鼠的相应比率,但差异均未达极显著水平(0.01相似文献