Artificial induction of maturation and fertilization in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica

Repeated injections of salmon pituitary extract (20 mg per fish per week) induced vitellogenesis in feminized, cultivated Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica). Oocytes were attained at the migratory nucleus stage after 11 or 12 injections. Addition of 17,20mt3w67t8/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) into the incubation medium induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in the oocytes at the migratory nucleus stage. An injection of DHP (2 µg g^-1 BW), given 24h after an injection of salmon pituitary extract (20 mg fish^-1), succeeded in inducing maturation and ovulation in females which contained occytes at the migratory nucleus stage. Most fish ovulated 15–18h following the DHP injection. Eggs that were ovulated within 15h after the DHP injection showed high fertility and hatchability, but eggs ovulated 18 or 21h after the DHP injection, showed considerably lower fertility and hatchability. A delay between ovulation and stripping of the eggs rapidly decreased both the fertility and hatchability within 6–9h after ovulation, indicating that artificial fertilization must be carried out immediately after ovulation. Repeated injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at a concentration of 1 IU g^-1 BW week^-1 induced spermatogenesis, spermiation, and the acquisition of potential for sperm motility in cultivated males. Most males spermiated after the fifth or sixth injection of hCG, and the milt weight gradually increased and remained constant (1–2 g) from the 11th to 31th injection. Sperm motility peaked 24h after each weekly injection, and decreased from the 3^rd day after the injection. Potassium ions are an essential constituent for the maintenance of motility in the eel spermatozoa. Artificial seminal plasma containing 15.2 mM KCl is applicable as a milt diluent. Using these techniques developed for female and male eels, we have succeeded in obtaining many fertilized eggs from cultivated eels.     

日本落叶松根腐病化学防治药剂的筛选

采用菌饼法测定了40%五氯硝基苯等9种农药对日本落叶松根腐病主要病原丝核菌的室内毒力;选取抑菌效果达80%以上的6种农药进行盆栽防治试验,结果表明:五氯硝基苯、立枯净、移栽灵和土菌硝等对日本落叶松根腐病的防治效果较好。     

黄淮杜泊羊线粒体DNA遗传多态性研究

线粒体DNA遗传变异丰富,是研究群体遗传多样性的重要手段。通过对黄淮杜泊羊、杜泊羊、鲁西黑头羊和小尾寒羊的线粒体D-loop遗传变异进行检测,分析4个品种的遗传多样性和品种间的遗传分化,构建系统发育树,并计算4个品种的遗传关系和遗传距离。结果表明,黄淮杜泊羊群体遗传多样性丰富（单倍型多样度h=0.984 21,核苷酸多样度P_i=0.015 50）,遗传稳定;系统发育树黄淮杜泊羊的黑头群体和白头群体聚为一类,与鲁西黑头羊、杜泊羊和小尾寒羊明显区分;黄淮杜泊羊与杜泊羊遗传距离最近（0.055）、与小尾寒羊遗传距离最远（0.070）,且黄淮杜泊羊与鲁西黑头羊、杜泊羊和小尾寒羊品种间遗传分化程度大。说明黄淮杜泊羊的遗传多样性丰富、遗传分化程度高,在遗传上明显区别于鲁西黑头羊、杜泊羊和小尾寒羊,黄淮杜泊羊黑头和白头群体的遗传一致,且群体遗传稳定,试验结果与育种设计方案相吻合,说明黄淮杜泊羊具备了新品种的遗传条件。     

7种长蠹科昆虫的线粒体DNA ND4基因序列比较分析

长蠹科昆虫严重危害林木和仓贮物品。该文应用非损伤性DNA测序技术测定了来自不同国家的长蠹科害虫的线粒体DNA ND4基因的部分序列。在获得的204bp的序列中，7种昆虫的序列变异丰富，多数变异发生在密码子的第3位点上。将实验结果与形态学特征比较分析，探讨7个种的形态差异与基因序列的差异；结果表明，7种昆虫不仅在外形特征上存在差异，而且在ND4基因序列上的差异程度也很显著，平均为21．94％。这为分类鉴定提供了充分的证据。     

Cladistic relationships among the Pleurotus ostreatus complex, the Pleurotus pulmonarius complex, and Pleurotus eryngii based on the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence analysis

The cladistic analysis of the V4 domain sequences, performed by UPGMA, the neighbor-joining, and parsimony methods, revealed that the 19 Pleurotus strains tested in this study evolved along three lineages, each corresponding to a separate biological species: the Pleurotus ostreatus complex, the Pleurotus pulmonarius complex, and Pleurotus eryngii. Moreover, the cladistic positions of the 3 biological species show that the P. ostreatus complex and P. eryngii were derived from a common ancestor at a later stage of evolution, and that the common ancestor had diverged from the lineage of the P. pulmonarius complex during an earlier evolutionary event. The sequences of the 5 portion of the mt SSU rDNA among the strains of the P. ostreatus complex had 99.2%–99.6% homology. All test strains in the P. pulmonarius complex had completely identical sequences. The homology of the strain sequences between the P. ostreatus complex and the P. pulmonarius complex ranged from 96.0% to 96.3%. The sequence of the strain of P. eryngii showed 97.8%–98.3% and 96.5% homologies with those of the strains in the P. ostreatus and the P. pulmonarius complexes, respectively.     

史氏鲟和达氏鳇养殖亲鱼群体遗传多样性分析

利用线粒体控制区序列片段(史氏鲟,425bp,达氏鳇,434bp)分析检测了两个养殖场留做后备亲鱼的史氏鲟和达氏鳇的遗传多样性。在所检测的养殖史氏鲟后备亲鱼4个年龄群体共34个体中,发现5个单倍型,共有11个多态位点,占碱基总数的2.6%,无简约信息位点。不同单倍型之间有1～10个变异位点,占碱基总数的0.2%～2.4%。各单倍型之间的遗传距离为0.002～0.024。单倍型多样性Hd=0.768,平均核苷酸差异数k=4.367,核苷酸多样性Pi=0.011。而分别来自2个养殖场的2个达氏鳇养殖群体都是1个群体仅1个单倍型,2个单倍型之间仅有2个碱基差异,遗传距离为0.005,遗传变异极度缺乏。结果提示在利用史氏鲟和达氏鳇后备亲鱼进行繁殖育苗时要充分注意近交的影响。     

DNA条形编码技术及其在叶蝉科昆虫中的应用

DNA条形编码技术(DNA barcoding)是近十年来一种新兴的DNA分类(DNA Taxonomy)方法,已经成功应用于大多数动物的分类鉴定及相关研究。本文从DNA条形编码技术的产生、原理及操作步骤,简要回顾近十年来的发展和应用,总结其优点,并介绍条形编码技术在叶蝉科昆虫中的应用发展和前景。     

西气东输管道mt标准装置的不确定度分析

对西气东输计量测试中心mt标准装置的质量不确定度、时间不确定度和换向阀对装置不确定度的影响进行了分析,确定了mt标准装置系统的合成不确定度,可以满足计量测试中心原级的精度要求。     

中国近海路氏双髻鲨群体线粒体DNA控制区序列比较分析

采用线粒体DNA控制区序列比较分析了路氏双髻鲨日照和霞浦群体的遗传结构及遗传多样性现状。研究结果显示:在长度为548 bp的mtDNA控制区序列上,34尾路氏双髻鲨个体仅检测到5个单倍型,两群体均呈现出较低的遗传多样性水平,日照群体的单倍型多样度(h)、核苷酸多样度(π)以及两两序列比较的平均碱基差异数(p)(h=0.6000±0.1305;π=0.0046±0.0031;p=2.5333±1.4856)略高于霞浦群体(h=0.5109±0.0955;π=0.0024±0.0017;p=1.2899±0.8373);邻接关系树显示,5个单倍型明显分为两支,净遗传距离为0.016;群体遗传分化指数为Fst=-0.047(P=0.914),表明两群体之间不存在显著差异,确切P检验结果也表明两群体存在随机交配现象(P=0.731);核苷酸不配对分布呈双峰类型,其中一个峰对应类群内序列差异,另外一个峰对应两个类群序列间差异。研究表明,路氏双髻鲨较小的有效群体导致了较低的遗传多样性,其资源状况已不容乐观。     

美国红鱼细胞色素b基因和控制区基因序列的初步分析

采用PCR技术扩增了美国红鱼线粒体DNA的细胞色素b和控制区基因片段,PCR扩增产物直接测序,分别得到1140bp和623bp的核苷酸序列。将所得序列与从Genbank中查到的美国红鱼序列进行比较,分析了序列中碱基的组成及变异情况,为美国红鱼的合理开发利用及养殖发展规划的制定提供遗传学数据,为保护中国海域生物种质资源多样性提供科学依据。