Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from public shelters in Serbia

Data on endoparasitic infections in dogs from dog shelters in Southeastern Europe are limited; thus, this study aimed to add to the existing knowledge on this topic by reporting on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from public dog shelters in the Republic of Serbia. In 2017 and 2018, individual and pooled fecal samples, were collected from 1267 dogs from six shelters. All samples were qualitatively examined for parasites using flotation tests. Seven taxa of intestinal parasites were identified: Cystoisospora spp., ascarids: Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina, hookworms, Trichuris vulpis, taeniids and Dipylidium caninum. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 58. 3 % (78. 1 % in young dogs and 53.1 % in adult dogs). The parasites detected in both young (<1 year old) and adult dogs (>1 year old) were Cystoisospora spp. (20 % and 4.9 %), T. canis (33.5 % and 14.7 %), T. leonina (7.7 % and 2.3 %), and hookworms (16.9 % and 15 %), respectively. However, T. vulpis (9.6 %), taeniids (1.3 %), and D. caninum (5.4 %) were detected only in adult dogs. In the Belgrade shelter, young dogs had a higher prevalence of endoparasitic infections (18.9 %, 49/260) than adult dogs (14.8 %, 149/1007). In the Subotica, Jagodina and Niš shelters, young dogs had significantly higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) prevalence of endoparasitic infections (10 %, 12.3 % and 14.6 %) than adult dogs (5.3 %, 8 % and 7.2 %). These results will be useful for establishing health care programs in dog shelters and implementing effective strategies for the control of intestinal parasites.     

Cohort‐specific variation in juvenile coho salmon habitat use

In this study, we examined summer and fall freshwater rearing habitat use by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the quickly urbanising Big Lake drainage in south‐central Alaska. Habitat use was assessed by regressing fish count data against habitat survey information across thirty study sites using generalised linear mixed models. Habitat associations were examined by age‐0 and age‐1+ cohorts separately, providing an opportunity to compare habitat use across different juvenile coho salmon life stages during freshwater rearing. Regression results indicated that the age‐0 cohorts were strongly associated with shallow, wide stream reaches with in‐stream vegetation, whereas age‐1+ cohorts were associated with deeper stream reaches. Furthermore, associations between fork length and habitat characteristics suggest cohort‐specific habitat use patterns are distinct from those attributable to fish size. Habitat use information generated from this study is being used to guide optimal fish passage restoration planning in the Big Lake drainage. Evidence for habitat use partitioning by age cohort during freshwater juvenile rearing indicates that pooling age cohorts into a single “juvenile” stage for the purposes of watershed management may mask important habitat use dynamics.     

流行性出血热病毒气溶胶感染乳鼠的免疫病理学研究

采用免疫组化ＢＡ法，对流行性出血热病毒（ＥＨＦＶ）气溶胶感染乳鼠脏器组织中的病毒动态分布进行了观察，并对其抗体消长进行了测定。结果表明：①ＢＡ法为病理诊断ＥＨＦＶ感染提供了一种准确的手段；②ＥＨＦＶ可通过气溶胶途径感染乳小鼠，乳小鼠感染ＥＨＦＶ的ＬＤ５０值可作为环境浓度的参考值；③ＥＨＦＶ气溶胶途径感染乳鼠后，４ｈ即可在心、肺，１ｄ在嗅球部检出，并可在其组织细胞中增殖，经血循、嗅神经、单核巨噬细胞系统等多途径扩散，造成多组织脏器的泛发性感染。感染后１２～１４ｄ，病毒检出率和病毒量均达峰值。动物自身免疫系统对ＥＨＦＶ有一定的清除能力；④感染乳鼠脑、肺、肾等脏器组织的病变与人类感染ＥＨＦＶ的病变有一定的相似性，提示可作为人ＥＨＦＶ的模型动物；⑤抗原检出率高于抗体检出率，ＥＬＩＳＡ法检出率高于ＩＦＡ法检出率。     

草地早熟禾与狗牙根种群动态及种间关系的影响

 以狗牙根和草地早熟禾为材料,用二因素二次正交旋转设计,对9个不同播种比例混播草坪的种群性状进行研究,建立了草坪地上生物量、地下生物量及一致性与狗牙根和草地早熟禾播种量之间显著相关的回归模型。确定了影响草坪性状的主要因子,优化了混播草坪的最佳播种量。     

Peripartal Excretion of Eimeria Oocyst by Cows on Swedish Dairy Farms and the Age of Calves at First Excretion

Faecal samples were collected 3 times a week for 6 weeks from 22 peripartal cows and for up to 15 weeks after birth from 27 calves in 3 herds, to determine the numbers of Eimeria oocysts excreted and the age at which the calves first excreted oocysts. Only low numbers of oocysts were excreted by the cows and no oocysts were detected in 93% of the samples. However, half the cows excreted oocysts at least once. The age at which the calves first excreted oocysts ranged from 2.5 to at least 15 weeks, and there was a significant difference between the herds in their mean age at first excretion. Oocysts of Eimeria alabamensis, E. auburnensis, E. bovis and E. ellipsoidalis were found in numbers ranging from 7 to 8450 oocysts per gram faeces. About 50% of the calves excreted oocysts before they were transferred to group pens. The primary source of infection of the calves was probably their penmates or the previous occupants of the pens, and the cows probably played a subsidiary role.     

混合态的不确定关系与压缩效应

在关于混合态的海森堡不确定关系的基础上，研究了纯态和混合态的最小不确定性和压缩效应.虽然最小不确定态必定是纯态，但在某些并非最小不确定态的纯态或混合态中，依然可 以实现力学量不确定度的压缩.还给出了普通统计学的不确定关系，它们不涉及量子相干性却与量子力学的海森堡不确定关系具有相似的数学结构.     

混合变元中立型微分方程的解的振动准则：献给李森林教授八十寿辰

本文得到了两类混合变元中立型微分方程的解的某些新的振动准则,大大改进了〔[5,7-9〕的结果.并推出了变系数的混合中立型方程.     

不同类型日粮饲喂幼龄山羊的效果研究

在精料用量相同、定量采食的条件下,研究不同粗料配合、不同加工方法对幼龄波尔羊生产性能的影响,并分析其经济效益。结果表明:粗料为35%稻秆粉、15%砻糠的 号全混合颗粒料在本次试验中的效果最为突出。与粗料为青草的日粮1相比,试羊日增重、饲料转化率分别提高48.4%(P<0.05)和27.9%,且每千克增重饲料费用降低41.5%;与粗料为稻秸散料的日粮2相比,试羊日增重、饲料转化率分别提高了53.3%(P<0.05)和26.9%,且每千克增重饲料费用降低30.9%。经济效益明显。     

用ELISA法观察模型小鼠原发性感染细粒棘球绦虫后特异性抗体的变化规律

分别用较高纯度的细粒棘球绦虫六钩蚴抗原和传统使用的囊液抗原对一次感染和二次感染细粒棘球绦虫六钩蚴的小鼠血清进行ELISA测定，认为寄生于不同部位的包囊刺激机体产生的抗体水平不同．同时检测早期抗体时，六钩蚴抗原比囊液抗原更具有阶段性优越性。小鼠二次感染六钩蚴后六钩蚴抗体水平得到明显加强，并推测认为一次感染产生的六钩蚴抗体可能是具有保护性的抗体。