水貂大肠埃希氏菌病的诊治试验

通过对患病水貂进行病理剖检,细菌纯培养,病毒检测,生化鉴定,确定是水貂大肠埃希氏菌病。再应用多种抗生素作药敏试验,筛选出了高度敏感的抗菌药。并对山东省威海地区水貂大肠埃希氏菌病的发生规律进行了探讨。     

Molecular Cloning,Sequence Analysis and Tissues Expression Profile of Part of Mink Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) Genes

The present study was aimed to explore the potential role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the mink immunity, and accumulate alternative genetic material for the mink breeding for disease-resistant.Four pairs of primers were designed according to ferret TLR sequences in GenBank to obtain the sequences of TLR genes (TLR4, TLR6, TLR7 and TLR8) of mink and then performed bioinformatics analysis of these sequences.In addition, the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 genes in various tissues in young and adult minks were analyzed by RT-PCR. Sequence homology analysis showed that mink had higher homology with carnivora (ferrets, polar bear, panda, walrus, seals, dog, tiger and cat) which had the nearest perimeter in the phylogenetic tree.Tissue expression analysis showed that TLR4 and TLR7 were widely and differently expressed in variety tissues of mink.Interestingly, the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 in young mink were much higher than that in adult mink.     

Validating an empiric sulfadiazine–trimethoprim dosage regimen for treatment of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus delphini infections in mink (Neovison vison)

Antimicrobial agents are used extensively off‐label in mink, as almost no agents are registered for this animal species. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data are required to determine antimicrobial dosages specifically targeting mink bacterial pathogens. The aims of this study were to assess, in a PKPD framework, the empirical dosage regimen for a combination of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) in mink, and secondarily to produce data for future setting of clinical breakpoints. TMP and SDZ PK parameters were obtained experimentally in 22 minks following IV or oral administration of TMP/SDZ (30 mg/kg, i.e. 5 mg/kg TMP and 25 mg/kg SDZ). fAUC/MIC with a target value of 24 hr was selected as the PKPD index predictive of TMP/SDZ efficacy. Using a modeling approach, PKPD cutoffs for TMP and SDZ were determined as 0.062 and 16 mg/L, respectively. By incorporating an anticipated potentiation effect of SDZ on TMP against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus delphini, the PKPD cutoff of TMP was revised to 0.312 mg/L, which is above the tentative epidemiological cutoffs (TECOFF) for these species. The current empirical TMP/SDZ dosage regimen (30 mg/kg, PO, once daily) therefore appears adequate for treatment of wild‐type E. coli and S. delphini infections in mink.     

鹿、貂、狐、貉养殖业应纳入畜牧业范畴

针对近年来养殖界在鹿、貂、狐、貉等特种经济动物的管理体制和执法上产生的争议,较系统地阐述了野生动物和家畜(禽)的区别,野生动物驯养繁殖与养殖业的关系等有关学术概念,并对生产技术成熟,已形成各自独立产业的鹿、狐、貂等特种经济动物在管理体制上存在的问题,提出了按照《畜牧法》和相关畜牧兽医法律法规进行管理的合理化建议。     

水貂奇异变形杆菌的分离与鉴定

2005年7月,辽宁省某水貂养殖场出现了以零星散发、高死亡率和多种内脏器官出现出血性败血症为主要流行病学特点的病例。从病死水貂内脏中分离出1株细菌,经染色、镜检和生化试验鉴定为奇异变形杆菌。应用药敏试验筛选出了高度敏感的抗菌药,控制了该病的继续发生。     

阿留申病毒大连株非结构蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

根据Genbank上发表的水貂阿留申病毒基因序列数据,设计了3对引物,采用PCR的方法分别对ADV-DL1、ADV-DL2株非结构蛋白基因进行扩增,将各片断克隆至pMD18-T载体,经PCR鉴定后进行了序列测定和分析。结果显示,ADV-DL1、ADV-DL2与GenBank上公布的ADV毒株相比,核苷酸序列同源率NS1为85.9%~90.0%,NS2为85.1%~92.7%,NS3为83.0%~95.1%。ADV-DL1与ADV-DL2同源率NS1为93.7%,NS2为95.6%,NS3为98.5%。氨基酸同源率NS1为82.8%~85.8%,NS2为80.7%~92.1%,NS3为72.9%~95.4%。ADV-DL1与ADV-DL2同源率NS1为90.3%,NS2为92.1%,NS3为95.4%。     

水貂养殖轨道式双排自动饲喂车设计与试验

针对水貂饲喂环节劳动强度大、环境差,水貂饲喂机械化水平不高的问题,设计了一种水貂养殖轨道式双排自动饲喂车,该饲喂车主要包括控制系统、行走系统、输料饲喂系统、饲喂支撑架收展系统。详细分析了饲喂过程中控制系统的控制要求,研究了控制实现方法和动作过程,通过光电传感器与PLC准确控制所有电机的工作状态定位转换,实现饲喂电机工作参数的人机交互调整;设计了导向轮定轨结构,优化缩短了饲料输送管路;模仿人工饲喂时手与手臂的动作形式,设计了自动饲喂投食结构,并进行了机构运动学分析,确定了具体结构及运动参数;设计了饲喂车收展结构,并通过作业条件分析确定了结构参数。样机试验结果表明,自动饲喂车以0.6 m/s速度行进,以预设的200、400、600 g为投喂量,饲喂车实际投喂质量变化范围分别为165～210 g、355～427 g、567～622 g,饲料堆放质量变异系数分别为6.53%、3.78%、2.74%,漏喂率均为0%,满足实际饲喂要求。该自动饲喂车提高了饲喂效率,节约了劳动成本,增加了饲喂车载料量。     

水貂阿留申病毒VP2基因主要抗原表位区的原核表达

根据GenBank中已发表的水貂阿留申病毒(ADV)VP2基因核苷酸序列分别设计合成两对引物,用PCR方法扩增ADV国内分离株VP2基因中主要抗原表位区的两个片段,分别将其克隆到原核表达载体pMAL-c2的多克隆位点中。经酶切、PCR扩增和测序分析证实其已正确插入到表达载体中,且阅读框是正确的,构建原核表达载体pMAL-VPa和pMAL-VPb。阳性重组质粒转化宿主菌TB1,用IPTG进行诱导表达,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE检测和免疫印迹分析。结果表明两段蛋白均获得了表达,表达产物的分子质量分别约为63、65kD,与理论推测的分子质量一致;并在终浓度为1mmol/L的IPTG诱导下,4h时其表达量达到高峰;Western blot分析表明表达蛋白能被兔抗MBP抗体所识别,具有一定的抗原性。     

水貂品种、性别、年龄及外源褪黑激素与食毛症发病率相关分析

对大连水貂场5个品种水貂食毛症发病情况进行统计,分析不同品种、性别、年龄及埋植外源褪黑激素等因素与水貂食毛症发病率的相关性,以探讨水貂食毛症的病因及其影响因素.结果表明,金州黑、咖啡、银蓝、红眼白、美国短毛黑5个品种种间差异对食毛症的发病率影响显著(P＜0.05),其中咖啡水貂发病率最高为12.61%;性别对食毛症发病...     

The influence of the hemoglobin concentration in growing mink kits on certain skin characteristics

The relationship between some skin characteristics and hemoglobin values during the growth period were statistically examined in standard male minks. Significant correlations) (P < 0.05–0.001) were found between the hemoglobin concentrations determined at 3 points during the growth period (in July, August and November) and the density and colour of underfur, and skin length, respectively. According to the study even the early hemoglobin values in July and August have a significant influence on the size and quality of the pelt. Mink kits with low hemoglobin values are liable to develop a winter fur coat with defective pigmentation and hair structure of the underfur. Anemic minks develop the most extreme stage of the pigmentation defect and these so-called cotton fur skins have little value in the fur garment industry. When these abnormal hemoglobin values are recognized at an early stage, cotton fur skins may be avoided, and larger skins of better quality may be produced.