切断深层根对黍子根系及地上部营养生长的影响

采用根管土柱栽培的方法,研究了拔节期和抽穗期切断不同深度(20 cm和40 cm)根系对黍子根系整体及地上部营养生长的影响。结果表明,与不断根相比,在抽穗期和拔节期断掉20 cm或40 cm以下根系,均能导致黍子株高、旗叶叶绿素含量、旗叶SOD与POD活性、单株绿叶面积、总根活力、总根长、总根重及产量明显降低,旗叶M DA含量明显增高。抽穗期断深层根对黍子的影响大于拔节期。但同一生育时期不同深度断根处理间黍子产量差异未达显著水平,表明深层根系(40 cm以下根系)对产量的贡献更大。     

府谷县耕地糜子种植适宜性研究

为了更合理地开发和利用当地有限的耕地资源,维护和提高耕地生产力,采用府谷县2011年"测土配方施肥"项目数据,基于GIS技术平台,综合利用地统计学、特尔斐法、综合评价法等方法,结合"3414"田间肥效试验结果,建立府谷县糜子种植适宜性评价体系。结果表明:对糜子种植而言,府谷县土壤有机质含量偏低(<10g·kg-1),碱解氮含量中等(25~40 mg·kg-1),有效磷含量偏低(5~10 mg·kg-1),速效钾含量中等(70~100mg·kg-1)。研究区耕地糜子种植适宜性水平分异大,高度适宜的耕地面积占总耕地面积的11.20%,适宜占28.99%,二者多沿河流阶地分布;勉强适宜占54.62%,遍布黄土丘陵区;不适宜占5.19%,呈点缀状分布于中部黄土丘陵区。增施碱解氮和有效磷,提高土壤有机质含量,保持土壤速效钾含量,同时注意改善土壤结构,提高土壤抗旱保肥和供肥能力,进一步提高糜子种植适宜性水平。     

烯效唑浸种对盐胁迫下糜子萌发和幼苗质量的调控效应

试验研究了烯效唑浸种对盐胁迫下不同糜子品种萌发和幼苗质量的影响。结果表明:与不浸种(CK1)和蒸馏水浸种(CK2)相比,烯效唑浸种显著提高了盐胁迫下粘丰5号的发芽势和发芽率,而对齐黍1号的作用不显著,且高浓度浸种起抑制作用;烯效唑浸种处理明显抑制了盐胁迫下两个供试品种糜子幼苗株高,并且抑制作用随浸种浓度的提高而加重;除粘丰5号的T5处理外,其它浸种处理均显著或极显著地提高了盐胁迫下两个供试品种幼苗侧根数和侧根总长;不同浓度浸种处理均对盐胁迫下粘丰5号主根长起抑制作用,而高浓度烯效唑浸种处理(T4和T5)则对齐黍1号主根长起促进作用;不同浓度烯效唑浸种处理对盐胁迫下粘丰5号叶和齐黍1号叶、根中SOD活性起抑制作用,而T1和T2对粘丰5号根中SOD活性起一定促进作用,而适当浓度烯效唑浸种(25~100 mg·L-1)可有效提高两个供试品种叶和根的APX活性。综合分析可知,T3处理(100 mg·L-1)虽对盐胁迫下两个供试糜子品种萌发的促进作用不是最显著,甚至起到抑制作用,但可明显促进幼苗重量、侧根发育、保护酶活性,在实际生产中可通过加大播种量的方法保证苗齐、苗壮。     

不同氮肥处理对糜子产量及品质的影响

以晋黍9号为材料,研究了普通尿素和缓释尿素对糜子产量和品质的影响。结果表明:施氮处理的糜子蛋白质含量都显著大于对照,而淀粉含量都显著小于对照;产量以PN2(普通尿素150 kg·hm-2)最高,增产幅度为28.48%;产量与穗数和单株粒重达到极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.81和0.62;糜子产量与籽粒蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.83,与籽粒淀粉含量呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.44。本试验条件下,糜子产量的增加主要是通过增加穗数和单株粒重来实现的。以普通肥料N150 kg·hm-2为最适施氮量。研究表明不是所有土壤类型都适合施用缓释尿素,研究区为砂质土,保水保肥能力差,通气性好,施用普通尿素比缓释尿素效果好。     

黑龙江省谷糜病毒病的鉴定

试验证明 ,谷糜病毒病毒原的传毒介体为灰飞虱 (L aodel phax striatella Fallen) ,不能经卵传毒 ,生物学测定及田间调查表明 ,该病毒病的症状在谷糜上略有不同 ,二者均表现为矮化、丛生、花叶、后期叶片变红 ,这与小麦丛矮病显著不同 ;谷子还表现硬穗症状。寄主范围与小麦丛矮病一致。EL ISA及免疫电镜测定结果表明 ,该病毒与小麦丛矮病的抗血清呈阳性反应 ,结果证实该病毒为小麦丛矮病毒 (WRSV) ,又称北方禾谷花叶病毒 (NCMV)。     

Variation in pigment content of flour color in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Summary Variation in pigment content of the flour of bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the progenies of F₁ and F₂ of three crosses and their reciprocals. Reciprocal differences in pigment content were observed in the F₁ and F₂ means. Low pigment content was found to be partially dominant or over dominant in the crosses studied. There was evidence of substantial mid-parent F₁ heterosis in all crosses and betterparent F₁ heterosis in three crosses. In the F₂, heritability estimates were moderate to high. The F₂ frequency distributions were not normal. Estimation of effective factor pairs indicated the presence of one or two major gene pairs involved in the expression of pigment content in the flour. Action of modifiers was also assumed in one cross and its reciprocal. A factorial approach to metrical character suggested that the F₂ segregation ratios of low pigment content to high pigment content were 3:1, 15:1, 13:3 and 9:7 for the different crosses. Utilization of the findings in a wheat breeding program is briefly discussed.     

谷子新品系抗除草剂试验

通过对抗除草剂阿特拉津谷子新品系DSB98-625SR喷施不同剂量的除草剂试验，结果表明各处理与对照比较具有一定的增产作用；而以2.25kg/hm^2除草效果与产量为最佳。目前我们巳进行杂交育种，预期选育出较为理想的抗除草剂阿特拉津的谷子新品系应用于生产。     

珍珠粟在畜禽饲料中的应用研究进展

珍珠粟作为一种重要的热带谷类作物而广泛地种植于半干旱地区,坑旱、耐瘠,其籽实蛋白质含量高,氨基酸组成合理,含抗营养因子少,作为玉米的替代品而广泛地应用于畜禽养殖业中,尤其在非反刍动物饲料中的应用效果较好。     

粗粮型羊乳奶泡加工工艺的响应面优化

以羊乳、玉米面为主要原料,以产品的感官评分和硬度为响应值,利用响应面分析法对粗粮型羊乳奶泡的加工工艺进行优化。结果表明：最佳工艺参数为：玉米面与羊乳比例（m/V）0.435∶1、木糖醇与蔗糖比例（m/m）约0.712∶1、蔗糖酯（以质量分数计,下同）0.18%、β-环状糊精2.8%,柠檬酸0.0958%、明胶1.994%。研制出的产品不仅外观光滑、色泽均匀、口感清凉且甜度适中、兼有羊乳和玉米面的特有香味,感官分值达95.48分,硬度为371.95 g,适合于绝大部分人群,产品中的营养物质和保健成分也得以最大程度保留。     

Hypernatremia secondary to homemade play dough ingestion in dogs: a review of 14 cases from 1998 to 2001

Objective: To correlate the sodium chloride dosage and the serum sodium concentration to clinical signs, to determine if the dosage of homemade play dough (and, therefore, sodium chloride) is the most reliable way to predict clinical signs and prognosis, and to review previously reported treatment options. Design: Retrospective case series. Animals: Fourteen dogs with a history of homemade play dough ingestion. Procedure: Cases were examined for each animal's signalment including body weight, age, approximate amount of play dough ingested, the estimated sodium chloride dosage, clinical signs, serum sodium concentration, and outcome when available. The literature was reviewed to determine pathophysiology and treatment regimens. Results: Twelve of 14 dogs (86%) that ingested homemade play dough showed clinical signs. Vomiting (9 of 14, 64%), polydipsia, and seizures (4 of 14 each, 29%) were the most common signs followed by polyuria, tremors (3 of 14 each, 21%), and hyperthermia (2 of 14, 14%). The lowest calculated dosage associated with objective clinical signs was 1.9 g/kg. Seizures were reported in all animals with serum sodium levels greater than 180 mEq/L. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Homemade play dough ingestion can be a serious and life‐threatening problem. Many factors can contribute to the toxicity of homemade play dough. This study indicates that the serum sodium concentration is a more reliable indicator of the clinical course of the toxicity rather than the amount of play dough and, therefore, the dosage of sodium chloride ingested. Treatment should be based on a clinical evaluation of the patient and laboratory results, and consists of controlling seizures, reducing serum sodium concentrations slowly, and supportive care.