CLINICAL AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES OF INFLAMMATORY VERSUS NEOPLASTIC MEDIAL RETROPHARYNGEAL LYMPH NODE MASS LESIONS IN DOGS AND CATS

Medial retropharyngeal lymph node (MRLN) mass lesions are a common cause of cranial cervical masses in dogs and cats, and are predominantly due to metastatic neoplasia, primary neoplasia, or inflammatory lymphadenitis. The purpose of this retrospective cross‐sectional study was to test the hypothesis that clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics for dogs and cats with MRLN mass lesions would differ for inflammatory vs. neoplastic etiologies. Dogs and cats with MRLN mass lesions that had undergone MRI and had a confirmed cytological or histopathological diagnosis were recruited from medical record archives. Clinical findings were recorded by one observer and MRI characteristics were recorded by two other observers who were unaware of clinical findings. A total of 31 patients were sampled, with 15 in the inflammatory lymphadenitis group and 16 in the neoplasia group. Patients with inflammatory lymphadenitis were more likely to be younger and present with lethargy (P = 0.001), pyrexia (P = 0.000), and neck pain (P = 0.006). Patients with inflammatory lymphadenitis were also more likely to have a leukocystosis (P = 0.02) and segmental neutrophilia (P = 0.001). Inflammatory masses were more likely to have moderate or marked MRI perinodal contrast enhancement (P = 0.021) and local muscle contrast enhancement (P = 0.03) whereas the neoplastic masses were more likely to have greater MRI width (P = 0.002) and height (P = 0.009). In conclusion, findings indicated that some clinical and MRI characteristics differed for dogs and cats with inflammatory vs. neoplastic medial retropharyngeal lymph node masses. Although histopathological or cytological diagnosis remains necessary for confirmation, these findings may help with the ranking of differential diagnoses of future cases.     

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF DYSPLASIA AND PROGRESSION OF OSTEOARTHRITIS IN DOG ELBOWS PREVIOUSLY ASSIGNED OFA GRADES 0 AND 1

Elbow dysplasia is a heritable disease that is a common cause of lameness and progressive elbow osteoarthritis in young large breed dogs. The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) screens elbow radiographs, and assigns grades 0–3 based on presence and severity of bony proliferation on the anconeal process. Grade 1 is assigned when less than 3 mm is present and considered positive for dysplasia. We investigated the incidence of elbow dysplasia and progression of osteoarthritis in elbows with grades 0 and 1 in 46 elbows screened at least 1 year previously, using CT as a gold standard and with the addition of CT absorptiometry. The incidence of dysplasia based on CT was 62% in grade 0, and 75% in grade 1 elbows, all of which had medial coronoid disease. Progressive osteoarthritis at recheck was consistent with elbow dysplasia. The sensitivity and specificity of the OFA grade for elbow dysplasia compared to CT findings was 75% and 38%, respectively. Increased bone mineral density of the medial coronoid process as characterized by osteoabsorptiometry warrants further investigation with respect to elbow dysplasia. Proliferation on the anconeal process without CT evidence of dysplasia or osteoarthritis was present in 20% of the elbows, and is theorized to be an anatomic variant or enthesopathy of the olecranon ligament/synovium. Results of our study suggest that the “anconeal bump” used for elbow screening by the OFA is a relatively insensitive characteristic, and support the use of CT for identifying additional characteristics of elbow dysplasia.     

蜡梅花茶窨制工艺流程的初步研究

采用2因素完全随机试验设计对蜡梅花茶窨制工艺进行试验研究,对所得数据利用DPS统计软件进行结果分析,得出配花总量、窨次以及它们的交互作用对蜡梅花茶品质都有显著的影响;多重比较(LSD法)得出配花总量为76kg/100kg、2窨次的花茶感官审评得分最高,与其他处理的差异达到极显著。     

以Lorke法为基础的半致死剂量(LD50)分析方法在油酸、化香树果序、黄连素抗镉减毒评价中的应用

镉污染严重着威胁农业的健康发展,如何有效抗镉减毒是保障农业生产安全的重要措施,然而目前缺乏高效的抗镉药物及简便易行的评价方法。本实验借助Lorke法为基础的半致死剂量(LD50)分析方法,检测了油酸、化香树果序、黄连素等不同潜在的抗镉化合物的减毒作用。通过改良后的Lorke法测定不同抗镉药物对小鼠的径口镉LD50的影响。结果显示,与200mg/kg维生素C相比,在灌胃200mg/kg油酸、化香树果序、黄连素能够减轻镉的毒性,提高镉的LD50。对照的LD50由140-160mg/kg分别上升至300-320mg/kg(油酸组),280-300mg/kg(化香树果序组)和320-340mg/kg(黄连素组)。以上结果表明,以Lorke法为基础的LD50分析方法,能够评价出油酸、化香树果序、黄连素的减镉毒作用,及其剂量-效应关系。以上结果同时证明了相同剂量下黄连素效果要优于油酸、优于化香树果序。     

Surgical management of a pony with a traumatic medial luxation of the patella

This report describes a successful surgical repair of medial patellar luxation in a Miniature Shetland pony where manual reduction of the patella was not possible. The surgical procedure involves transection of the medial femoropatellar ligament to facilitate patellar release, the placement of a prosthetic suture to replace the lateral femoropatellar ligament and reinforcement of the lateral retinaculum by the use of a mesh implant. This is a newly described surgical technique for the rare but recognised condition of a medial luxation of the patella.     

~(60)Co-γ射线辐照对桂花枝条生长和生理指标的影响及耐辐照性评价

为研究不同桂花扦插枝条的辐照诱变作用及其耐辐照性,以~(60)Co-γ射线对柳叶苏桂(金桂)、波叶银桂(银桂)和满条红桂(丹桂)的扦插枝条进行辐照,辐照剂量分别为15、25、35、45 Gy,计算生根数量和新根长度,检测新生叶的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量和遗传物质DNA,并计算桂花枝条半致死剂量(LD_(50))和综合评价值D。结果表明,3个桂花品种的根形态特征、新生叶的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量与辐照剂量均呈负相关;辐照引起新生叶遗传物质DNA的改变;柳叶苏桂、波叶银桂和满条红桂的综合评价值D分别为0.696、0.636和0.011,LD_(50)分别为39.77、32.19和27.96 Gy,表明金桂耐辐照性最强,银桂其次,丹桂最弱。本研究结果为桂花辐照育种适宜剂量的选择提供了依据,也为桂花不同品种群的辐照育种奠定了基础。     

SONOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESUMPTIVELY NORMAL CANINE MEDIAL ILIAC AND SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL LYMPH NODES

The medial iliac and superficial inguinal lymph nodes are not routinely palpable in the dog, and ultrasound imaging provides an alternate noninvasive technique to assess these lymph nodes, as well as to guide needle aspiration. Herein we describe the ultrasound characteristics of the medial iliac and superficial inguinal lymph nodes in 50 healthy dogs, as well as frequency and ease of node detection. The relationship between the size of the lymph nodes and the following variables was assessed: age, gender, body weight, body condition score, body length, and thoracic height and width. Right and left medial iliac lymph nodes were detected in 50 (100%) dogs, right superficial inguinal lymph node(s) in 49 (98%) dogs, and left superficial inguinal lymph node(s) in 47 (96%) dogs. In >90% of both sets of lymph nodes, the echogenicity was hypoechoic or isoechoic to surrounding tissues, with a corticomedullary or homogenous echotexture, smooth, clearly defined margins, and a fusiform shape. Increasing weight, distance from the sternal manubrium to the ischium, and thoracic height and width were associated with increased lymph node size (P‐values<0.05). Average lymph node sizes and range of sizes provide preliminary reference values for the medial iliac and superficial inguinal lymph nodes in normal dogs.     

Use of an axial pattern flap and nictitans to reconstruct medial eyelids and canthus in a dog

A 10-year-old male neutered Boxer presented with recurrence of a mast cell tumor at the right medial canthal area. Following excision including 2 cm margins, the medial one-half of the upper and lower eyelids and the medial canthus were reconstructed using an axial pattern flap based on the cutaneous branch of the superficial temporal artery. The bulbar conjunctiva of the nictitans was preserved and sutured to the medial flap edge, thus creating a conjunctival lining to the deep aspect of the flap, protecting corneal epithelium. This is a valuable surgical technique for closing a large skin defect and reconstructing the medial eyelids, thus preserving the globe.     

Canine eyelid granular cell tumor: a report of eight cases

To describe a previously unreported neoplasm of the medial canthus and eyelid in dogs. Clinical and pathologic features of granular cell tumors in the dog were reviewed. Granular cell tumors, arising from the medial canthal eyelid of eight dogs, were identified from the archives of the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW). The affected dogs ranged in age from 5 to 12 years (mean of 9.25 years). Follow‐up information was available for seven of the eight cases. The clinical presentation included swollen hyperemic lids (4/8), ulcerated skin overlying the mass (2/8), and red conjunctiva (7/8). All eight of the cases had firm masses extending from the palpebral conjunctiva to the eyelid margin at the medial canthus. Histologically, the tissue was composed of a highly collagenous neoplastic growth. The neoplastic cells were oval to strap‐like cells with an oval bland appearing nucleus and abundant amounts of granular cytoplasm with very distinct cell boundaries. These granular cells were embedded in a dense collagen matrix. A PAS stain faintly highlighted the granular appearance of the neoplastic cells, which is a defining characteristic of this tumor. There was no recurrence in the seven cases available for follow‐up. Canine granular cell tumors of the medial canthus present clinically and histologically as a benign neoplasm. Granular cell tumors have a characteristic histological appearance. Granular cell tumors should be on the differential list for nodules of the medial canthus in dogs.