草本纤维生物提取菌株分泌的关键酶研究

为研究草本纤维生物提取菌株分泌的关键酶种类和特性,采用经典的DNS法对草本纤维生物提取菌株分泌的果胶酶、甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶进行系统分析。结果表明,6 个草本纤维非纤维素降解菌株均能同步产果胶酶、甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶;在培养的第9~11 h,菌株CBXW-3 分泌的果胶酶活力最高达123 IU/mL,其次为菌株CBXW-1 的果胶酶活力105 IU/mL;菌株CBXW-4 的甘露聚糖酶活力最高达214.2 IU/mL,其次为菌株CBXW-1 的甘露聚糖酶活力162.1 IU/mL;菌株CBXW-4 的木聚糖酶活力最高为111.4 IU/mL,其次为菌株CBXW-6 的木聚糖酶活力87.6 IU/mL。由此得出,6 个目标菌株分泌的草本纤维非纤维素降解酶系种类丰富,酶活力高,可为阐明草本纤维生物提取机理和开发微生物资源的应用价值提供科学依据。     

里氏木霉RUT-C30内切β-甘露聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

摘要：以里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）RNA为模板，采用RT-PCR扩增的方法获得不带自身信号肽man1基因的cDNA片段。构建了重组表达载体pPIC9K-man1，重组质粒SacⅠ线性化后用PEG（聚乙二醇）法导入毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris菌株GS115中，通过PCR和表型鉴定表明man1基因已经整合到毕赤酵母染色体上。经大量筛选，获得高效分泌表达甘露聚糖酶的毕赤酵母工程菌株RMAN23。将此菌株在5L发酵罐中进行高密度发酵，测定酶活最高达470IU /mL，同时对重组甘露聚糖酶的性质进行了初步研究。     

欧文氏杆菌CXJZ95-198基因组文库的构建

采用改良鸟枪法构建了草本纤维精制高效菌种Erwinia carotovora CXJZ95-198的基因组文库，结合透明圈法，筛选到了8个甘露聚糖酶基因阳性克隆，并采用PCR方法对它们进行了分析鉴定，结果表明它们含有同一个甘露聚糖酶基因。     

β-甘露聚糖酶异源表达及甘露寡糖制备研究

以产β-甘露聚糖酶(MAN)的枯草芽孢杆菌HD145为目的菌株,PCR扩增MAN基因片段,克隆到p HBM905A载体并转化至毕赤酵母,重组子利用甲醇进行诱导。纯化的MAN酶解槐豆胶与瓜尔豆胶,质谱检测水解产物。SDS-PAGE结果表明,MAN基因实现了表达,摇瓶酶活性为3 200 U/m L,酶最适温度与pH分别为55℃与6.0,pH 4~7时稳定性较好,在40、50、60℃的半衰期分别为165、105、42 min,Zn~(2+)、Ag~+、Co~(2+)对酶活性存在一定的抑制。槐豆胶与瓜尔胶经MAN酶解后得到二糖至十糖的寡糖。     

Carbohydrase systems of Saccharophagus degradans degrading marine complex polysaccharides

Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 is a γ-subgroup proteobacterium capable of using many of the complex polysaccharides found in the marine environment for growth. To utilize these complex polysaccharides, this bacterium produces a plethora of carbohydrases dedicated to the processing of a carbohydrate class. Aiding in the identification of the contributing genes and enzymes is the known genome sequence for this bacterium. This review catalogs the genes and enzymes of the S. degradans genome that are likely to function in the systems for the utilization of agar, alginate, α- and β-glucans, chitin, mannans, pectins, and xylans and discusses the cell biology and genetics of each system as it functions to transfer carbon back to the bacterium.     

Effects of dietary mannanase on growth,metabolism and non‐specific immunity of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

An experiment was designed to assess the effects of a commercial β‐mannanase on performance and immunity of tilapia fed plant‐based diets. A basal diet was supplemented with 0.0 (control), 0.5 and 1.0 g β‐mannase kg⁻¹ to formulate three experimental diets. Each treatment contained 4 tanks with 30 fish per tank. Trial lasted 8 weeks. Our results demonstrated that β‐mannanase addition (0.5 and 1.0 g kg⁻¹) improved significantly (P < 0.05) the final weight, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control (0.0 g kg⁻¹). There were no significant differences in feed intake (FI) and survival rate (SR) among the 3 dietary treatments (P > 0.05). β‐mannanase supplementation also led to an increase (P < 0.05) in amylase, trypsin and Na⁺K⁺‐ATPase activities in intestine, and an decrease (P < 0.05) in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities in serum compared with the control. However, dietary enzyme supplementation had no significant effect on the serum triacylglycerol (TG), cholesterol (CHO), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) (P > 0.05). Moreover, the dietary β‐mannanase supplementation groups exhibited an increase in the total leukocyte counts (WBC), differential leukocyte counts, respiratory burst activity, lysozyme activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared to the controls (P < 0.05). In conclusion, β‐mannanase addition to tilapia diets improved feed utilization and non‐specific immunity resulting in improvements in growth performance.     

新型高产β-胡萝卜素巴斯德毕赤酵母表达宿主菌的构建

分泌型巴斯德毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）作为高效表达宿主菌已被广泛应用,通过高密度培养工艺用于多种酶制剂(如植酸酶、甘露聚糖酶等)的规模生产。然而,在生产过程中产生的大量菌体利用率低,多数被废弃掩埋,或只能作为廉价的菌体蛋白,造成大量的资源浪费。为提高酵母发酵副产物的利用率,向毕赤酵母宿主菌GS115中导入来源于红发夫酵母（Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous）β-胡萝卜素合成途径中的关键基因(idi、crtE、crtYB和crtI),获得了胞内高产β-胡萝卜素的工程菌株P. pastoris GS115-CARO,实现工业生产中的菌体蛋白的高附加值利用。同时以来源于嗜热篮状菌（Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802）的甘露聚糖酶基因Man5T作为参照,验证了宿主菌P. pastoris GS115和P. pastoris GS115-CARO在表达外源蛋白的差异。结果表明：Man5T基因的导入并没有影响,两株宿主菌的甘露聚糖酶表达量（分别为280 U/mL和286 U/mL,P>005）,但宿主菌P. pastoris GS115-CARO胞内β-胡萝卜素产量高达到31.27 mg/g(菌体干重dry cell weight,dcw)。构建的工程菌株不仅可以实现外源酶制剂的高效表达,有效地提升酵母菌体资源的利用价值,同时也在一定程度上了解决了发酵菌体对环境的污染问题。     

两种半纤维素酶在毕赤酵母中的共表达

基于定向改造的木聚糖酶(DSB)和甘露聚糖酶(ManA),通过不同的整合位点和抗性标记实现这两种酶在同一宿主GS115中的整合与筛选,获得了共表达菌株GS115/DSB-ManA。其热稳定性检测结果表明,该共表达菌株产出的DSB与ManA均有较高的热稳定性。重组菌株两种酶的成功表达为复合酶制剂的研究和生产奠定了基础。     

In vitro Evaluation of Feed Enzyme Compound Produced by Aspergillus sulphureus in Solid-state Fermentation

Three trials were conducted to analyze a multi-enzyme compound produced by Aspergillus sulphureus in solid-state fermentation (SSF) as a potential feed additive. The results of the first trial showed that there were at least 5 non-starch polysaccharide enzymes: xylanase, b-glucanase, pectinase, mannase and carboxy methyl cellulase (CMCase) contained in the compound. Xylanase and b-glucanase showed good activities at pH 2.5-7.0, which were in the range of 649-1046 U/g and 444-648 U/g, respectively. Pectinase showed good activity in acidic solution (pH 2.5-3.0), which ranged from 195 to 917 U/g. Mannase showed high activity of 235- 298 U/g at pH 3.5-4.5 and the activity of CMCase was relatively constant at pH 2.5-7.0, which was in the range of 38.2-78.6 U/g. The second trial was aimed to test the stability of the enzymes in gastric liquor (pH 2.6) of finishing pigs and Na₂HPO₄-gastric liquor (pH 5.5). After 6 h incubation at 40°C in gastric liquor, the retained activity of xylanase, b-glucanase, pectinase, mannase and CMCase was 26.3%, 65.0%, 71.0%, 74.8% and 85.6%, respectively. While after 6 h incubation at 40°C in Na₂HPO₄-gastric liquor, the retained activity of xylanase, b-glucanase, pectinase, mannase and CMCase was 87.9%, 91.1%, 92.3%, 95.0%, and 97.5%, respectively. The third trial was carried out in a jejunum liquor (pH 5.8, 200mL), which contained 0.2 g of the multi-enzyme compound and 10 g of soybean hull or wheat bran, respectively. After 8 h incubation at 40°C, 18.7% of soybean hull and 20.1% of wheat bran could be degraded to soluble saccharide, respectively. Compared with the traditional methods for feed enzyme testing which involve feeding animals for 1-3 months, enzyme assay in this way was relatively convenient.     

In vitro Evaluation of Feed Enzyme Compound Produced by Aspergillus sulphureus in Solid-state Fermentation

Three trials were conducted to analyze a multi-enzyme compound produced by Aspergillus sulphureus in solid-state fermentation (SSF) as a potential feed additive.The results of the first trial showed that there were at least 5 non-starch polysaccharide enzymes:xylanase,β-glucanase,pectinase,mannase and carboxy methyl cellulase (CMCase) contained in the compound.Xylanase and β-glucanase showed good activities at pH 2.5-7.0,which were in the range of 649-1046 U/g and 444-648 U/g,respectively.Pectinase showed good activity in acidic solution (pH 2.5-3.0),which ranged from 195 to 917 U/g.Mannase showed high activity of 235-298 U/g at pH 3.5-4.5 and the activity of CMCase was relatively constant at pH 2.5-7.0,which was in the range of 38.2-78.6 U/g.The second trial was aimed to test the stability of the enzymes in gastric liquor (pH 2.6) of finishing pigs and Na2HPO4-gastric liquor (pH 5.5).After 6 h incubation at 40℃ in gastric liquor,the retained activity of xylanase,β-glucanase,pectinase,mannase and CMCase was 26.3%,65.0%,71.0%,74.8% and 85.6%,respectively.While after 6 h incubation at 40℃ in Na2HPO4-gastric liquor,the retained activity of xylanase,β-glucanase,pectinase,mannase and CMCase was 87.9%,91.1%,92.3%,95.0%,and 97.5%,respectively.The third trial was carried out in a jejunum liquor (pH 5.8,200 mL),which contained 0.2 g of the multi-enzyme compound and 10 g of soybean hull or wheat bran,respectively.After 8 h incubation at 40℃,18.7% of soybean hull and 20.1% of wheat bran could be degraded to soluble saccharide,respectively.Compared with the traditional methods for feed enzyme testing which involve feeding animals for 1-3 months,enzyme assay in this way was relatively convenient.