茶园土壤锰的形态分布及其影响因素

茶树是富锰植物,饮茶是人体摄取锰的重要途径之一。研究茶园土壤锰的形态分布及其影响因素,对正确评价茶园土壤锰的生物有效性,调控茶叶中锰的含量,保护人类健康具有重要意义。通过对浙江、江苏和安徽13个自然茶园土壤采样,采用连续提取法将茶园土壤锰分为水溶态、交换态、碳酸盐结合态、有机结合态及残渣态,探讨了茶园土壤锰的含量、形态分布规律及其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明,不同茶园土壤锰含量有一定差异,随土壤pH升高和粘粒含量的增加,土壤锰全量显著增加;不同茶园土壤锰的形态分布规律略有差别。但总的规律是残渣态》交换态〉水溶态〉有机结合态〉碳酸盐结合态;茶园土壤锰的累积量对锰的各形态含量有不同程度的影响．除了水溶态和有机结合态外,交换态、碳酸盐结合态和残渣态锰均随土壤锰全量的增加而显著增加,特别是残渣态锰含量增加最明显;土壤pH、粘粒含量和阳离子交换量对茶园土壤锰的形态分布有不同程度的影响,而土壤pH是影响茶园土壤锰形态分布的重要因素。     

硫酸锰在肉鸡体内药代动力学研究

实验研究了30日龄肉鸡按55.38mg/Kg.体质量剂量灌服10%硫酸锰溶液后不同时间采血,应用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定血药浓度,经微机处理得出血药浓度及药动学参数,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:C=80.8013(e-0.0709t-e-0.4402t)。主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为1.5747hrs,t1/2Ke为9.7698hrs,tp为5.6617hrs,Cmax为48.3581ug/L,AUC为967.9305(μg/L).h。根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数。τ定为12h,(C∝)max为95.997μg/L,c为80.6609μg/L,(C∝)min为4.0668μg/L,D*为3.2794mg/Kg.BW,D0为1.8789mg/Kg.BW,R为1.7454。     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱的地下水中Fe和Mn的检测

采用激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术并结合在锌基板上液固转换的样品处理方法,对标准水溶液样品中Fe、Mn进行检测,并根据标准曲线法建立Fe、Mn的定量模型;再利用所建立的LIBS定量模型,对洞庭湖区地下水实际水样中Fe、Mn含量进行检测,并与电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP–MS)的检测结果进行比较。结果表明：得到Fe、Mn的LIBS定标曲线的决定系数均大于0.98,相对标准偏差均为4.3%,留一交叉验证均方根误差分别为0.024、0.007 mg/L,Fe、Mn的检出限分别为0.028、0.008 mg/L;采用LIBS对洞庭湖地下水实际水样中Fe、Mn含量检测的结果与ICP–MS的检测结果基本一致,平均相对误差小于10%。     

硫酸锰溶液处理对玉米种子抗氧化酶活性的影响

Two kinds of corn were used as materials,changes of SOD,CAT,POD and MDA Contents after Germination of maize seeds in five different concentrations of manganese sulphate were studied.The results show that the content of MDA was significantly different among different varieties,difference was very significant compared with control.The activities of antioxidant enzymes of HuangJinNuo 1 first increased then decreased after treated with manganese sulfate,while that of YinLong BaiYuNou continuous elevation,the resistance of Maize after manganese sulphate increased during germination.     

Changes in peroxidase activity and lignin content of cultured tea cells in response to excess manganese

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to identify the effects of manganese (Mn) on the activity of peroxidase (PO) and the amount of ascorbic acid (AsA) and lignin, as well as the cell viability of suspension-cultured tea cells (Camellia sinensis L. cv. Yabukita). Cells were grown in B5 medium (containing 0.06 mmol L^?1 Mn) and cultured for 24 h in medium with a Mn concentration of 0.9 mmol L^?1 as an excess treatment. No significant difference was observed between cellular growth and the viability of the cultured tea cells after treatment with excess Mn compared with cells grown under control conditions, although the content of Mn in cells in the excess Mn treatment was 12-fold higher than that of the control cells. The amount of total AsA was also not affected by the Mn treatment. The activity of ionically wall-bound peroxidase (IPO) increased in the presence of excess Mn, unlike the content of lignin. Conversely, the activities of soluble PO and covalently wall-bound PO decreased with excess Mn. These findings suggested that IPO might contribute to Mn tolerance in tea cells. However, its role in the mechanism(s) of Mn tolerance has not been elucidated.     

沸石复混肥对油菜苗期养分吸收、产量及土壤性状的影响

在盆栽条件下,比较了不同沸石含量的沸石复混肥对盆栽油菜苗期不同阶段N、P、K养分吸收量,油菜籽产量及土壤性状的影响.结果表明:沸石复混肥处理与对照复混肥比较,在苗期的前2个月,油菜吸收的N、P、K均为前者大于后者,而在第3个月开始,为后者大于前者.从整个苗期来看,相比复混肥对照,沸石复混肥处理的油菜N、P、K养分吸收量均有所下降,其中磷吸收量随沸石复混肥中沸石比例的增大而明显下降.沸石能减轻土壤酸化程度,提高土壤pH值,降低EXC-Mn.沸石在复混肥中的比例以10%～15%的含量较为合适,相比对照复混肥,增产可达9.7%.     

红壤的磷肥有效性差异及其土壤化学特点的初步研究

用发育于玄武岩和花岗岩的红壤及其水稻土作水稻盆栽试验研究红壤的磷肥有效性差异及其土壤化学特点，试验表明，花岗岩发育的红壤及其水田的磷肥有效性与Ｆｅ，Ａｌ有关，而玄武岩发育者，不仅占Ｆｅ，Ａｌ，而且还与Ｍｎ有密切关系，对土壤－植物系统中磷肥有效性与Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ元素相互作用及其机理进行了讨论。     

MBTAE分光光度法测定微量锰

本文报道用2-(6-甲基-2-苯并噻唑偶氮)-5-二乙胺基酚(MBTAE)分光光度法测定微量锰。配合物的表观摩吸光系数为7.12×10~4L·mol~-1·cm~-1。MBTAE与Mn2 形成1∶2紫色配合物。配合物最大吸收波长为585nm。Mn2 浓度在0～8μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律。方法用于人发中微量锰的测定,结果满意。     

锰矿废弃地几种不同恢复模式土壤种子库与地上植被的关系

土壤种子库技术是矿区废弃地植被恢复的重要方法,弄清不同恢复模式下种子库与地上植被之间的关系是有效利用该技术的前提。以云南建水锰尾矿恢复的醉鱼草(Buddleja officinalis)灌丛、香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)草丛、肿柄菊(Tithonia diversifolia)群落为对象,以人工林蓝桉(Eucalyptus globulus)林为对照,通过野外调查与室内萌发实验相结合的方法研究了各群落地上植被与土壤种子库的关系。结果显示:1)尾矿起源各群落地上植被(0.50、0.06、2.18、vs. 2.12)与土壤种子库物种多样性(1.32、1.42、1.78 vs. 2.65)均低于对照群落;2)地上植被物种多样性与土壤种子库物种多样性成正相关(R^2=0.187,p=0.005);3)对照群落土壤种子库与地上植被物种相似性较高,尾矿恢复各群落较低,且不同恢复模式间相似性差异较大;4)香薷(Elsholtzia ciliata)与醉鱼草为4个群落土壤种子库共有的优势种,各群落地上植被与土壤种子库优势种不完全同步。研究结果表明恢复措施对土壤种子库物种多样性有重要影响。     

Effect of environmental C/N ratio on activities of lignin-degrading enzymes produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Lignin-degrading enzymes secreted by white rot fungi play an important role in the degradation of lignin and persistent organic pollutants(POPs).In this study,effect of environmental C/N ratio on the activities of lignin-degrading enzymes,lignin peroxide(Li P)and manganese peroxidase(Mn P),produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium,a white rot fungus,was investigated.Glucose was used as C source,and ammonium tartrate of different concentrations was used as N source to provide different C/N ratios.Relationships between Li P and Mn P activities and environmental C/N ratio were explored.The results showed that the higher the N source concentration,the faster the mycelium pellets aged.The faster the mycelium dry weight increased,the higher the Li P and Mn P activities.A high C/N ratio was a necessary condition for the secretion of Li P or Mn P.In addition,mycelium dry weight essentially affected enzyme activities.In the 122 C/N ratio and 50 C/N ratio treatments,mycelium dry weight essentially affected Mn P activity and both Li P and Mn P activities,respectively.