Treatment of contaminated radial fracture in Sprague-Dawley rats by application of a degradable polymer releasing gentamicin

Fracture-related infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to establish a simple contaminated radial osteotomy model to assess the efficacy of a biodegradable polymer poly(sebacic-co-ricinoleic acid) [p(SA-RA)] containing 20% w/w gentamicin. A unilateral transverse osteotomy was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, followed by application of Staphylococcus aureus suspension over the fracture. After successfully establishing the contaminated open fracture model, we treated the rats either systemically (intraperitoneal cefuroxime), locally with p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin, or both. Control groups included non-contaminated group and contaminated groups that were either untreated or treated with the polymer alone. After 4 weeks, the bones were subjected to micro-CT scanning and microbiological and histopathology evaluations. Micro-CT analysis revealed similar changes in the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment as in the non-contaminated control group. Lack of detectable bacterial growth was noted in most animals of the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment, and all samples were negative for S. aureus. Histopathological evaluation revealed that all treatment modalities containing antibiotics were highly effective in reducing infection and promoting callus repair, resulting in early bone healing. While p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin treatment showed better results than cefuroxime, the combination of local and systemic treatment displayed the highest therapeutic potential in this model.     

Disseminated cryptococcosis including osteomyelitis in a horse

A 4-year-old Arab mare was diagnosed with disseminated cryptococcosis, including osteomyelitis of the proximal phalanx of the left hind limb, osteomyelitis with associated soft tissue granuloma of a rib and disseminated, large cryptococcal nodules in the lungs. The lesion in the dorsoproximal aspect of the proximal phalanx had a large area of cortical lysis with spiculated periosteal new bone and extensive soft tissue swelling. The affected rib had a pathological fracture. Cryptococcal osteomyelitis has not been previously reported in horses but should be considered as a differential diagnosis, particularly in endemic regions.     

早熟和正常中华绒螯蟹大颚器官发育及超微结构

对早熟和正常发育的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)大颚器官(mandibularorgan,MO)进行解剖学和组织学研究,发现早熟蟹的MO在当年秋季已充分发育,MO细胞直径在当年11月达到最大值;而正常发育幼蟹的MO在当年细胞排列紧密,直到翌年秋季才充分发育。正常发育成蟹(二秋龄蟹)的MO细胞直径在10月达到最大值,明显大于早熟蟹(P<0.05)。表明早熟蟹MO较正常发育蟹提早一年发育,但是,秋季早熟蟹MO的发育速度和发育良好程度均不及二秋龄蟹MO的发育,这可能是早熟蟹卵黄发生过程较缓慢,较二秋龄蟹滞后约一个月达到次级卵黄发生末期的原因。中华绒螯蟹MO细胞超微结构的显著特征是丰富而形态多样的光面内质网和具小管状内嵴的线粒体,以及丰富的游离核糖体。     

早熟和正常中华绒螯蟹大颚器官发育及超微结构

对早熟和正常发育的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)大颚器官(mandibularorgan,MO)进行解剖学和组织学研究,发现早熟蟹的MO在当年秋季已充分发育,MO细胞直径在当年11月达到最大值;而正常发育幼蟹的MO在当年细胞排列紧密,直到翌年秋季才充分发育。正常发育成蟹(二秋龄蟹)的MO细胞直径在10月达到最大值,明显大于早熟蟹(P<0.05)。表明早熟蟹MO较正常发育蟹提早一年发育,但是,秋季早熟蟹MO的发育速度和发育良好程度均不及二秋龄蟹MO的发育,这可能是早熟蟹卵黄发生过程较缓慢,较二秋龄蟹滞后约一个月达到次级卵黄发生末期的原因。中华绒螯蟹MO细胞超微结构的显著特征是丰富而形态多样的光面内质网和具小管状内嵴的线粒体,以及丰富的游离核糖体。     

甲壳动物保幼激素的研究

近年来，在甲壳动物大颚腺中发现了一种具有保幼激素活性的物质——法呢酸甲酯（MF），它是一昆虫保幼激素Ⅲ（JHⅢ）结构相似的一种倍半萜类化合物，对甲壳动物的生长、发育和繁殖有重要调控作用，而MF的分泌受到眼柄等因子的负调节作用。     

甲壳动物CHH家族神经激素结构和功能研究进展

甲壳动物主要利用温度、光照周期等外界因子调节其生理状态 ,使它们的生殖活动处于最适条件下 ,来自外界因子的这些信息作用于甲壳动物的中枢神经系统 ,后者将其传递到神经内分泌系统和内分泌系统 ,神经内分泌系统和内分泌系统能够分泌一些促进因子和抑制因子以实施对性腺活动的调控。由于甲壳动物成体的生殖和蜕皮常常交替出现 ,因此 ,神经内分泌系统和内分泌系统的精确调控非常重要。甲壳动物高血糖激素 (ＣＨＨ)家族神经激素是甲壳动物特有的多肽激素 ,它们主要由眼柄的Ｘ -器官窦腺复合体合成 ,它们包括 :甲壳动物高血糖激素 (ＣＨＨ)、…     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN FOALS WITH INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of foals with infectious and noninfectious arthritis are described. Six foals with infectious arthritis and three foals with noninfectious arthritis were grouped based on synovial fluid analysis results and examined with radiography and MR imaging. Four out of six foals with infectious arthritis had osseous lesions in MR images indicative of osteomyelitis and only 4/19 lesions were detected on digital radiographs. The three foals with noninfectious arthritis had no osseous lesions in MR images or radiographically. Of the six joints that had osseous lesions detected with MR imaging, three had at least one lytic lesion detected radiographically. Osseous lesions in the epiphysis, metaphysis, and physis appeared in MR images as T2W, short tau inversion recovery, and proton density hyperintense foci with a hypointense halo. The same lesions appeared hyperintense in the 3D RSSG water excitation pulse sequence but lacked a surrounding hypointense halo. Most joints of foals with infectious arthritis had heterogenous signals within the synovial fluid whereas all of the nonseptic joints had homogenous synovial fluid signals. MR imaging appears to be better than radiography in the detection of osseous lesions in foals diagnosed with infectious arthritis and may be a valuable screening test for the presence of osteomyelitis.     

SEPTIC COXOFEMORAL ARTHRITIS AND OSTEOMYELITIS IN A DOG

An 8-year-old male Labrador retriever presented with a rear limb lameness cased by an osteolytic lesion of the left acetabulum and femoral head and neck. Initial bone biopsy study was nondiagnostic. Histopathologic study and culture of the subsequently excised femoral head and neck revealed a Staphyloccocus intermedial arthritis and osteomyelitis. Neoplash was ruled out on the basis of histopathologic analysis.     

Subtotal ostectomy of dorsal spinous processes performed in nine standing horses

OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate subtotal ostectomy of dorsal spinous processes (DSP) performed in standing horses. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Nine adult horses. METHODS: The diseased portions of the DSP were removed with the horses standing and sedated after infiltrating a local anesthetic agent around the affected DSP. Medical records of affected horses were reviewed to determine history, findings of physical and radiographic examination, surgical technique, postoperative complications, and outcome. RESULTS: Five horses had subtotal ostectomy of DSP because of osteomyelitis, and 4 because of impingement and/or fracture of DSP. Affected portions of DSP were removed safely and effectively, with no apparent discomfort to the horses; hemorrhage was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: Subtotal ostectomy of DSP can be performed safely in standing, conscious horses and the risks associated with general anesthesia are eliminated. Hemorrhage is minimal compared to that which occurs when the procedure is performed with horses anesthetized and in lateral recumbency. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Access and visibility are better when subtotal ostectomy of the DSP is performed with the horse standing rather than anesthetized and in lateral recumbency. Performing subtotal ostectomy of diseased DSP with the horse standing avoids the expense and risks of general anesthesia.