不同温度下亚洲玉米螟实验种群生命表

为更有效地防治玉米螟,了解玉米螟在不同温度下的生长发育和繁殖情况尤为重要。在实验室中设置5个恒温(35℃、30℃、25℃、20℃、15℃)环境,相对湿度为75%,研究不同温度对亚洲玉米螟各虫态生长发育的影响,组建玉米螟实验种群生命表。试验结果表明,玉米螟卵的孵化率、幼虫存活率和羽化率在25℃下均为最高,繁殖力也在25℃下达到最大值;在15~30℃温度范围下玉米螟各虫态的发育历期随温度升高而缩短,温度过高会抑制其生长速度;净生殖力(R0)和内禀增长率(rm)分别在36.80~60.14和0.07~0.10之间,且25℃下的这两项指标最高;根据生命表显示,玉米螟种群趋势指数与繁殖天数呈抛物线趋势,在25℃时种群趋势指数达到最大。据此可知,25℃为最适宜玉米螟生长发育和繁殖的温度。     

Foot-and-mouth disease virus

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae and the etiological agent of the economically most important animal disease. As a typical picornavirus, FMD virions are nonenveloped particles of icosahedral symmetry and its genome is a single stranded RNA of about 8500 nucleotides and of positive polarity. FMDV RNA is infectious and it replicates via a complementary, minus strand RNA. FMDV RNA replication is error-prone so that viral populations consist of mutant spectra (quasispecies) rather than a defined genomic sequence. Therefore FMDV in nature is genetically and antigenically diverse. This poses important challenges for the diagnosis, prevention and control of FMD. A deeper understanding of FMDV population complexity and evolution has suggested requirements for a new generation of anti-FMD vaccines. This is relevant to the current debate on the adequacy of non-vaccination versus vaccination policies for the control of FMD.

Résumé

Le virus de la fièvre aphteuse est un aphtovirus de la famille des Picornaviridae et l'agent de la maladie animale la plus importante sur le plan économique. En tant que picornavirus typique, le virus de la fièvre aphteuse est nu, sous forme d'icosaèdre et son génome comprend un acide ribonucléique monobrin avec environ 8500 nucléotides et une polarité positive. L'acide ribonucléique de ce virus est infectieux et il se réplique par l'intermédiaire d'un brin d'ARN moins, complémentaire. La réplication de l'acide nucléique de ce virus conduit à des erreurs, de telle sorte que les populations virales comprennent un ensemble de mutants (quasi espèce) plutôt qu'une séquence génomique bien définie. Par suite, le virus de la fièvre aphteuse est génétiquement et antigéniquement varié. Ceci entraîne des difficultés importantes pour le diagnostic, la prévention et la maîtrise de la fièvre aphteuse. Une connaissance plus approfondie de la complexité et de l'évolution de la population de ce virus a conduit à des besoins pour une nouvelle génération de vaccines aphteux. Ceci est lié au débat actuel sur le choix d'une politique de vaccination ou de non-vaccination dans la lutte contre la fièvre aphteuse.     

温度、相对湿度对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)越冬幼虫化蛹及羽化的影响

【目的】研究温度、相对湿度对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)越冬幼虫化蛹及羽化的影响。【方法】采用饱和盐溶液法研究不同温、湿度梯度下,新疆南北疆2个代表性玉米螟地理种群越冬幼虫化蛹和羽化的响应。【结果】越冬代玉米螟幼虫随着环境温(相对湿度)的增高(增大)化蛹、羽化进度随之缩短且差异显著(P<0.05)。较其他环境,28℃和75％RH,南疆种群、北疆种群玉米螟化蛹历期最短依次为(15.24％±3.02％)、(14.11％±2.64％)和(21.45％±2.54％)、(18.27％±1.96％),化蛹率和羽化率均最高分别为(90.12％、96.33％)和(76.22％±5.45％)、(74.12％±6.01％),(68.13％±3.77％)、(64.39％±4.72％)。【结论】温度、相对湿度是影响玉米螟化蛹和继后发育(羽化)的主要环境因子, 新疆南疆种群、北疆种群越冬代老熟幼虫随着温度、相对湿度的升高化蛹和继后发育(羽化)的发生期呈“前移”趋势。     

白背飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟同时危害时的复合防治指标分析

针对白背飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟田间发生和防治的实际情况,通过试验建立"两迁"害虫同时危害时的回归方程,依据当地农业生产现状,计算得出实际经济允许损失N=16.16。由满足0.013X1+0.287X2-0.539=16.16,测得"两迁"害虫同时危害的一组动态的复合防治指标。     

老虎须研究进展

老虎须为蒟蒻薯科蒟蒻薯属多年生草本植物,分布于南亚和东南亚,是集观赏和药用为一体的珍稀植物.我国从20世纪60年代开始老虎须的引种驯化研究,在此简要介绍了老虎须在引种驯化、遗传多样性、繁殖和栽培、花期调控和采后保鲜、药用价值和育种等方面的研究进展.     

Demonstration of inflammatory cell population changes in rat lungs in response to intratracheal instillation of spring wheat dust using lung enzymatic digestion and centrifugal elutriation

The inhalation of grain dust by grain workers is responsible for a large number of pulmonary pathophysiologies. These problems may be acute or chronic and may be mediated by the chronic activation of the immune system. Constant inflammatory states in the lung may eventually lead to tissue damage and respiratory deficit. This study was designed to measure the changes in the relative number of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar spaces, and lung interstitium that occur in response to intratracheally instilled airborne spring wheat dust in rats. It was found that 6h after instillation with dust, neutrophils were present in greater numbers in the blood and bronchoalveolar spaces than in lung interstitium. After 24h, there appeared to be a larger number of neutrophils in the lung interstitium in dust-instilled animals than in saline-instilled controls. These results indicate that intratracheal instillation of grain dust initiates an acute inflammatory reaction, and that there is an initial influx of neutrophils into the air spaces of the lung followed by transit of these cells into the lung interstitium.     

Isolation and biological properties of virulent subpopulations from lentogenic Newcastle disease virus strains

From each of two lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains of the type LaSota and Hitchner B1 a virulent subpopulation could be obtained. The two subpopulations were—in comparison to the two parent viruses—more resistant to the lipid solvent chloroform and more stable against thermal degradation. Also, the glycoproteins haemagglutinin and F (fusion) were more stable against thermal inactivation. Electron microscopic observations revealed in terms of size and morphology all of the characteristics of NDV. Both subpopulations possessed, however, the same elution kinetics as their respective parent strains. The intracerebral and intravenous pathogenicity indices as well as the mean death times of the two subpopulations allow to classify these viruses as virulent Newcastle disease viruses.     

镉对亚洲玉米螟生长发育的影响

用含0.5、1.0、2.0 mg/kg镉毒饲料连续饲喂亚洲玉米螟2代,并观察其生长发育情况。结果表明,1.0 mg/kg镉毒处理的人工饲料对第1代玉米螟的种群发展影响较大,但对第2代玉米螟的影响效果较第1代有所下降。     

黑纹粉蝶Pieris melete Ménétriès生殖系统

【目的】研究黑纹粉蝶Pieris melete Ménétriès生殖系统的解剖学结构,以期发现更多的分类特征,为其所属类群乃至粉蝶亚科的系统发育分析提供依据。【方法】于2009-2010年夏季分别在浙江临安和陕西秦岭采集黑纹粉蝶成虫,在MODEL SZX2-ILLK型显微镜下观察雌虫和雄虫内、外生殖器的解剖结构,运用QImaging Retiga 2000R CCD数码相机进行照相,用图像叠加软件Automontage进行图像合成,描述其特征。【结果】黑纹粉蝶雌虫外生殖器包括交配囊及其附属结构、导精管、表皮突和肛突;内生殖器包括1对卵巢、1对侧输卵管、1根中输卵管、受精囊、附腺以及外生殖腔。雄虫外生殖器包括阳具、抱握器及其支持结构;内生殖器包括1个睾丸、2条输精管、1对贮精囊、开口于阳茎基部的射精管和附腺。【结论】黑纹粉蝶的卵巢两侧不对称,一侧的4根卵巢管直接合并,另一侧则是相邻的2根卵巢管先分别聚成一支,然后2支再聚合,与中输卵管相接。     

联系于实向量丛一对截面的P o i n c a r é - H o p f型公式

通过符号差Z2-分次将2n维Spin流形上关于复化切丛TMC截面的Poincaré-Hopf型公式推广到2n维非Spin流形上,并对于联系于定向实向量丛的一对截面建立了相应的Poincaré-Hopf型公式.