大别山区域茶园套种羽扇豆引种栽培应用研究

通过引进不同品种羽扇豆,进行茶园套种,观察并测定羽扇豆的成活率、株高、冠幅、开花率、结果率。结果表明,羽扇豆的成活率为83％,羽扇豆平均株高为45.8厘米,最高达78.5厘米,最低仅38厘米。羽扇豆平均冠幅为32厘米×22厘米,冠幅最高达38厘米×36厘米,最低仅22厘米×18厘米。开花率96％,结果率82％。说明,羽扇豆在安庆市桐城市西部黄甲镇能够成活并生长,羽扇豆可在大别山低海拔区域进行露地栽培。     

Evaluation of the feed value of a transgenic strain of the narrow‐leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) in the diet of the marine fish,Pagrus auratus

This study assessed the nutritional and biological value of a noncommercial, transgenic line of the Australian sweet lupin, Lupinus angustifolius, (cv. Warrah), produced to increase the methionine content of the seed. An initial experiment demonstrated that differences in the methionine content of the transgenic and nontransgenic control lupins had no apparent influence on the growth of juvenile red seabream fed practical diets. Re‐evaluation of the nutritional characteristics of the lupin meals with subsequent digestibility studies allowed the determination of the digestible value of the protein and energy content of each of the varieties. The digestible protein content of either variety was similar, however significant differences in the digestible energy value of each variety existed (56.3% cf. 64.0%). This re‐evaluation of the nutritional value of the genetically manipulated (GM) and non‐GM lupin varieties enabled the reformulation of diets on a digestible protein and energy basis. A second growth trial was undertaken using sub‐satietal pair‐feeding regimes, with the experiment also involving protein‐restrictive diets to allow expression of the differences in the methionine content of the transgenic and nontransgenic lupin meals. A significant benefit of the enhanced methionine level in the transgenic lupin was observed. It is argued that in the high‐protein fish diets used, the importance of amino acid composition is relatively limited. Economic modelling of the potential value of the increased methionine in the transgenic lupin suggests that this will have limited benefit for aquaculture industries, and that greater value would be attributable to higher protein and energy levels in ingredients.     

Die Ertragsbildung und Ertragsstruktur eines konventionellen und eines epigonalen Genotyps der Weißen Lupine (Lupinus albus)

Yield formation and yield components of a conventional and an epigonal genotype of white lupin ( Lupinus albus )
Differences in yield formation and yield structure of two contrasting Lupinus albus growth types, the conventional, freely branching cultivar Kalina and the epigonal. little branching cultivar Ep I were analyzed. Both cultivars were grown in field experiments at Hohenheim in 1987 and 1988 with a combined variation of population density (30–120 plants/m²) and plant distribution. In addition, assimilate distribution within the plant was studied using a ¹⁴C-labelling experiment. – The contributions of branches to light interception of the crops during the generative phase were > 90 % in Kalina as compared to about 30 % in Ep 1 . Relative ¹⁴C uptake of branches was in a similar range, but great proportions of the ¹⁴C taken up by branches was translocated to main stems. No genotype x plant density interactions with respect to grain yield were recorded, indicating that yield formation at main stems and branches was affected by cropping conditions similarly in both genotypes. This applies to the conditions of the experiments, where stress effects were absent. Under these conditions, the conventional genotype showed agronomic, but no physiological disadvantages.     

Biplot analysis of trait relations of white lupin in Spain

A 2-year study of autumn-sown white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) was conducted under rainfed Mediterranean conditions in southern Spain. 108 landraces were evaluated for yield and major phonological and plant structural characteristics. Path coefficient and Genotype-Trait (GT) biplot analysis were used. Applying both types of analyses to the multiple trait data revealed that GT biplot graphically displayed the interrelationships among traits and facilitated visual comparison of accessions and selection. Wide variation was observed for trait phenology (dates of flowering and maturity), plant structure (plant and first order inflorescence height) and yield characters (first order branches, first order inflorescence and total yield). It was found that the accessions with the highest yields were the tallest and the latest to flower, both on the mainstem and on the lowest first order branch, and also were the latest to mature. GT biplots also had suggested as the accessions have been displayed according to their origins. The results showed that foreign germplasm may be an important material for improving some yield components such as number of pods and seeds per plant of locally adapted lupins in Spain. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

An Effect of Various Nitrogen Forms Used as Fertilizer on Lupinus albus L. Yield and Protein, Alkaloid and α-Galactosides Content

The influence of various forms of nitrogen supplied to the ground as N₂, NH, NO, [NH + NO], –NH₂, and Nd (N‐deficiency) on Lupinus albus L. cvs. Butan (sweet) and Bac (bitter) yield and protein, alkaloid and α‐galactoside biosynthesis in their seeds were studied. The experiments were performed in a greenhouse on perlite using, in all cases, the same dose of P, K, Mg and micronutrients (B, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Fe). The Nd treatment contained only macro‐ and micronutrients without any nitrogen support. We found that different nitrogen forms used as a fertilizer had a significant influence on the development and yield structure of both lupin cultivars. It was found that the plants developed most favourably when nitrogen was supplied as N₂ and [NH + NO]. For the other forms, the anomalies like necrosis, chlorosis, leaves with small surface of assimilation were noticed. However, these observations were not always reflected by all parameters of yield structure. The forms of nitrogen had a pivotal influence on yield of generative and vegetative parts of lupin. Moreover, significant differences in protein, alkaloid and α‐galactoside content in seeds were observed.     

Diversity in White Lupin (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lupinus albus</Emphasis> L.) Landraces from Northwest Iberianplateau

All the accessions (35) of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) landraces collected from northwest Iberian plateau and maintained at the Spanish germplasm collection (CRF of INIA), were studied with the general objective of assessing the biodiversity of these landraces and to ascertain their value as genetic resources for the development of germplasm adapted to the areas where they were collected with long and chilly winters. The characterization study comprised 51 qualitative and 50 quantitative characters. Quantitative parameters were analyzed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The 2-dimensional plot (49.3% of cumulative variability) formed a main group of accessions and 4 outliers (#1, #9, #27 and #28) separated in the first PC. The characters with a higher contribution to the first PC were inflorescence length, leaf petiole length and leaf central foliole area. The presence of alkaloids, the percentage of plants killed by soil borne fungal diseases, the phenology, the yield per plant and yield components were also assessed. Twenty six accessions (the main group in the PCA plot) showed high homogeneity, with the following highlights: bitterness, indeterminate growth habit, early ripeness and spring sowing with the exception of #18, in which seeding date is unknown and it had a later phenology. By contrast accessions #9 and #27 were bitter of autumn sowing with determinate growing habit and they had the longest values of primary inflorescence length and a later phenology when they were sown in spring. Average values for yield and yield components showed a broad range of variation between accessions. The main yield component was the number of pods per plant. Accession #22 had the highest mean seed mass, although this had not significant influence in yield. Accession #17 showed the highest yield and #1 the lowest. This last also had the lowest values of inflorescence length, leaf petiole length and leaf central foliole area. No significant differences of resistance to soil-borne fungi were found between accessions. The year had a significant effect in the phenology, yield and yield components except for number of seeds per pod. The studied material might be of interest for the development of spring sowing germplasm adapted to north Iberian peninsula.     

Bubbles in chapatti doughs

Traditionally, chapattis are flatbreads made from atta (wholemeal Indian wheat flour). Non-atta chapattis have not been popular due to substandard product quality. To investigate what makes atta special for making chapattis, products were made using atta, Australian wholemeal wheat flour, gluten-free lupin flour, and a blend of lupin and wheat flours. Doughs were characterised by measuring strain-hardening and elastic recovery in compression and also bubble structures via 3-D X-ray micro-tomography. A method was developed to identify and separate bran, which appears as bubbles, in scans of doughs.     

超声波处理对羽扇豆种子活力及生理特性的影响

采用超声波处理羽扇豆(Lupinus micranthus Guss.)种子,对羽扇豆种子的发芽势、发芽率、活力指数、种子浸出液的相对电导率和幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量等进行了测定。结果表明,经过超声波处理的羽扇豆种子的发芽势、发芽率都得到了提高,以20 min的处理时间为最佳;处理后提高了羽扇豆幼苗的SOD活性和可溶性蛋白含量,降低了幼苗MDA含量和种子浸出液的相对电导率,提高了种子活力。说明羽扇豆种子萌发之前采用适宜的短时间超声波处理,不仅能促进萌发,还能促进其抗氧化能力的提高。     

Preliminary results on the effects of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed condensed tannins on in vitro intestinal digestibility of the lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seed protein fraction in small ruminants

Condensed tannins (CT) from grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) were added to complex the protein fraction of Lupinus angustifolius seeds. Three CT/protein ratios were used: 96 mg/g (T(1)), 180 mg/g (T(2)) and 0 mg/g (T(0)). The CP losses in the rumen were assessed by the nylon-bag technique and CP intestinal digestibility (CPID) was estimated using an in vitro assay applying a three-step procedure: samples were subject to rumen degradation (in situ, 16 h) and the remaining residues were subject to the digestive enzymes of the abomasum and pancreas in vitro. A positive effect (p < 0.05) of the level of CT on the immediately soluble faction a and the insoluble degradable fraction b was observed between T(0) and T(2) . In the presence of CT the rumen degradation rate was reduced (p < 0.05) from 0.0763/h (T(0)) to 0.0443/h (T(2)). The application of CT showed a reduction (around 10% for T(1)) of effective rumen CP degradability. The CPID did not seem to be affected (p > 0.05) by the presence of CT. These findings suggest that the use of grape seed CT might have the potential to improve the efficiency of utilisation of the protein fraction from lupin seeds.     

Effect of Copper on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Mineral Nutrition of White Lupin Plants Grown in Nutrient Solution

We analyzed the effect of different copper (Cu) concentrations (0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.35 mM) and time (1 day to 9 days) on several growth and biochemical parameters of roots and shoots of white lupin plants (Lupinus albus cv Estoril) grown in nutrient solution. A significant decrease in leaf fresh weight and leaf area was detected. Copper accumulated in the roots, and an impairment of nutrient translocation was only observed after six days at the highest Cu concentrations applied. A transient increase in the activity of polyphenoloxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) enforces a role for lignification as a defense strategy under enhanced Cu levels. The activities of several antioxidative enzymes were enhanced after Cu application. Our results indicate that Lupinus albus cv ‘Estoril’ is a rather resistant plant that can cope with moderate concentrations of copper, mostly by controlling up to a certain point, the uptake of excessive amounts of this metal.