排序方式: 共有22条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
Moriello KA 《Veterinary dermatology》2004,15(2):99-107
The recent literature on the treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats was reviewed. Based upon in vitro studies using isolated infected hairs and controlled or field in vivo studies, the following topical treatments were consistently found to be antifungal (i.e. antidermatophyte): lime sulfur (1:16), 0.2% enilconazole rinses, and a combined 2% miconazole/chlorhexidine shampoo. Animals or hairs were either bathed or rinsed once or twice weekly. Itraconazole, griseofulvin and terbinafine were evaluated in controlled or field studies, most commonly involving cats. Griseofulvin (50 mg kg(-1)) was reported to cure infected animals in 41-70 days. Itraconazole (10 mg kg(-1) once daily or in a combined daily/pulse therapy 10 mg kg(-1) once daily for 28 days and then week on/week off) was reported to cure infected animals in 56-70 days. Low-dose itraconazole (1.5-3.0 mg kg(-1)) in 15-day cycles required 1-3 cycles (15-45 days). Various doses of terbinafine (5-40 mg kg(-1)) were reportedly used to treat dogs or cats. The higher doses of terbinafine (> 20 mg kg(-1)) were required to achieve a mycological cure; the number of treatment days to cure varied from 21 to > 126 days. Lufenuron was reported anecdotally to be an effective cure, however, this was not substantiated in controlled studies. Finally, fungal vaccines were not found to be effective against challenge exposure, however, there is evidence that they may be useful in treatment protocols. 相似文献
3.
Oral lufenuron is reportedly an effective treatment for some cats with dermatophytosis. The purpose of this study was to determine if lufenuron, when used as a pre-treatment prior to challenge exposure, would be protective against the development of infection after the direct topical application of fungal macrocondia (Microsporum canis spores). Three groups (n = 6/group) of juvenile cats were treated with either monthly oral lufenuron (30 or 133 mg/kg) or placebo. After 2 months of treatment, kittens were challenged using 10(5)Microsporum canis spores applied to the skin under occlusion. Cats were examined weekly and the following data collected: Wood's lamp examination; scoring for scale/crust, erythema and induration; lesion size; and the development of satellite lesions. Fungal cultures were performed bi-weekly. All cats became infected; the infections progressed, and then regressed, in a similar fashion in all groups. There were no consistent statistically significant differences in weekly infection scores between treated and untreated cats throughout the study. Treated cats did not recover faster than untreated cats. We conclude that oral lufenuron at the dosing schedule and conditions used in this study did not prevent dermatophytosis or alter the course of infection by direct topical challenge. 相似文献
4.
液相色谱法测定蔬菜中咯菌腈、溴虫腈和虱螨脲等农药的残留量 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
建立了同时测定蔬菜(青菜、菜豆、卷心菜、番茄)中咯菌腈、虱螨脲和溴虫腈等农药残留的高效液相色谱法。蔬菜以乙腈高速匀浆提取,过NH2小柱净化,再用甲醇定容。而土壤样品较干净,经乙腈振荡提取1h,浓缩后定容过膜即可。采用甲醇-水为流动相,利用C18柱和紫外检测器(检测波长:260nm)对待测组分进行了分离和测定。实验证明,添加浓度在0.1、0.5、1mg/kg时,蔬菜中咯菌腈、虱螨脲和溴虫腈平均添加回收率在78.2~117.3%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)〈10%,咯菌腈、虱螨脲和溴虫腈在样品中的最低检出浓度为0.1mg/kg,最小检出量为:1ng。 相似文献
5.
为探讨昆虫生长调节剂氟铃脲和虱螨脲对黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster和斑翅果蝇D.suzukii的毒性机制,采用室内生测法测定氟铃脲、虱螨脲对2种果蝇2龄幼虫的毒力,以及其在亚致死浓度LC_(10)、LC_(20)下对2种果蝇体内几丁质酶活性的影响。结果显示,经不同浓度的氟铃脲和虱螨脲处理后,随着时间的延长和浓度的增加,2种果蝇的死亡率均明显增加,氟铃脲处理可使2种果蝇的死亡率最高达到83.33%,明显高于虱螨脲处理后黑腹果蝇(65.00%)和斑翅果蝇(66.66%)的死亡率。亚致死浓度LC_(10)和LC_(20)的虱螨脲处理果蝇2龄幼虫24 h后,黑腹果蝇2龄幼虫体内的几丁质酶活性呈下降趋势,而斑翅果蝇2龄幼虫体内的几丁质酶活性则呈上升趋势。另外,亚致死浓度的氟铃脲可明显抑制黑腹果蝇体内几丁质酶的活性。表明昆虫生长调节剂氟铃脲和虱螨脲对果蝇有较强的毒力,氟铃脲的毒力高于虱螨脲,且果蝇体内几丁质酶的活性与氟铃脲和虱螨脲密切相关。 相似文献
6.
7.
Gogi MD Sarfraz RM Dosdall LM Arif MJ Keddie AB Ashfaq M 《Pest management science》2006,62(10):982-990
Field efficacies of two insect growth regulators (IGRs) at two recommended application rates, buprofezin at 370 and 555 g AI ha(-1) and lufenuron at 37 and 49 g AI ha(-1), were determined against the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), in experimental plots of cotton at the Directorate of Cotton Research, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Adverse effects of the IGRs on populations of associated arthropod predators, namely geocorids, chrysopids, coccinellids, formicids and arachnids, were also assessed. Both IGRs significantly reduced populations of B. tabaci at each application rate 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment, and higher doses were more effective than lower doses. Buprofezin was not effective against H. armigera at any tested dose for any time of treatment in any spray. Lufenuron applied at 37 and 49 g AI ha(-1) effectively suppressed H. armigera populations, resulting in significant reductions in crop damage. At lower doses, both IGRs appeared safe to predator populations, which did not differ significantly in IGR-treated versus untreated control plots. Population densities of formicids and coccinellids were significantly lower at high concentrations of both IGRs in treatment plots, possibly as a result of reduced prey availability. The potential role of buprofezin and lufenuron for control of B. tabaci and H. armigera in a spray programme and the likelihood of direct toxic effects of IGRs on predatory fauna of cotton are discussed. 相似文献
8.
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)和虱螨脲是目前生产上防治草地贪夜蛾的主要杀虫剂,为评估其抗性风险,以福建省草地贪夜蛾田间种群为研究对象,在实验室抗性汰选品系选育基础上,采用数量遗传学域性状分析法并结合交互抗性测定,进行草地贪夜蛾对上述两种杀虫剂的抗性风险评估。结果表明:非连续汰选11代和10代后,草地贪夜蛾对甲维盐(F11)和虱螨脲(F10)的抗性倍数分别达30.57倍和11.35倍;抗性现实遗传力分别为0.403和0.555,且前半段筛选的抗性遗传力都远大于后半段;药剂在室内对草地贪夜蛾致死率为50%~90%时,对甲维盐和虱螨脲抗性倍数上升10倍需要汰选8~15代和6~12代。交互抗性测定显示,甲维盐汰选品系对氯虫苯甲酰胺、虱螨脲、虫螨腈无交互抗性,对茚虫威和乙基多杀菌素存在一定交互抗性。虱螨脲汰选品系对氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲维盐、茚虫威、虫螨腈和乙基多杀菌素均无交互抗性。结果表明:草地贪夜蛾对甲维盐和虱螨脲存在快速产生抗性的风险,但可通过与无交互抗性药剂轮用来延缓抗性发展。 相似文献
9.
10.
虱螨脲对小菜蛾成虫繁殖力及子代种群发展的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探究虱螨脲对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella成虫的亚致死作用,通过残留药膜法或饲喂法使用50 mg/L虱螨脲对小菜蛾成虫进行处理,分别测定小菜蛾成虫繁殖力、寿命和卵孵化率,通过建立小菜蛾成虫子代生命表确定虱螨脲处理成虫对其后代的影响。结果表明,残留药膜法处理后,小菜蛾成虫单雌产卵量和卵孵化率分别比对照显著降低39.09粒和19.38个百分点;饲喂法处理后,小菜蛾成虫单雌产卵量、雌成虫寿命和卵孵化率分别比对照减少13.42粒、1.56 d和72.03个百分点,卵孵化率与对照差异显著。虱螨脲处理后,小菜蛾成虫子代1龄幼虫存活率、雌成虫寿命、F_1代单雌产卵量和F_1代卵孵化率分别为74.29%、5.90 d、146.65粒和84.43%,均显著低于对照,种群趋势指数降低,表明对子代种群发展有一定的干扰作用。此外,虱螨脲处理小菜蛾雌、雄虫对其产卵量无影响,但处理雌虫显著降低卵孵化率,处理雄虫对卵孵化率无明显影响,说明虱螨脲作用于小菜蛾成虫,仅对卵子形成及受精卵的胚胎发育过程产生影响,而对精子的生成及转移无影响。表明虱螨脲可通过成虫取食或接触而控制小菜蛾种群发展。 相似文献