D-Dimer Improves the Prognostic Value of Combined Clinical and Laboratory Data in Equine Gastrointestinal Colic

The discriminating ability of 15 parameters alone or in combinations, including results from analysis of plasma endotoxin, the Nycomed plasma D-Dimer test and phospholipase A₂, were analyzed to predict morbidity and mortality in equine gastrointestinal colic. Endotoxaemia was a characteristic feature of the colic horses. The problem of adequately predicting non-survivors among colic horses required several parameters to be included in the logistic model: if the “classical parameters”, (heart rate, respiratory rate, PCV, anion gap) were included in the model, addition of plasma D-dimer, phospholipase A₂, and Cl^- significantly improved the predictive value of the logistic model. Increasing heart rate and D-dimer together with decreasing chloride was a risk factor for nonsurvival. The sensitivity of this three-parameter logistic model to predict nonsurvival was 78% and specificity 77%. The Nycomed D-Dimer test is recommended as a horse-site test to predict disseminated intravascular coagulation and nonsurvival in equine colic.     

组氨醇脱氢酶抑制剂的研究动态

组氨醇脱氢酶(HDH)是组氨酸生物合成过程中最后两步反应的催化酶。对组氨醇脱氢酶的结构、催化机理、组氨醇脱氢酶抑制剂等方面的研究动态进行了较为详细的综述。     

Changes in the blood lactate dehydrogenase measurements in canines and felines following the international standardization of the assay method

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in blood is measured using the Japanese Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC) method in Japan and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) method in other countries. In human clinical practice, the IFCC method replaced the JSCC method due to international standardization. Moreover, veterinary LDH measurement will also eventually shift to the IFCC method. However, the relationship between the IFCC and JSCC methods for LDH in various animals and whether they can be equated or not have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to present the changes in measurements in canines and felines after switching to the IFCC method. The plasma LDH activity of canines (N=177) and felines (N=115), who visited a secondary care veterinary clinic, was measured using the JSCC and IFCC methods. The IFCC/JSCC ratio was <1.0 in 85% of canines and 88% of felines, indicating that the IFCC method tended to show lower values than the JSCC method, presumably because LDH5 is dominant among the LDH isozymes in canines and felines. The increase in the systematic errors of both assays was in the high value range, with some samples exceeding the error tolerance from near the upper end of the reference range. When switching to the IFCC method for LDH measurement in canines and felines, each institution should consider whether the reference range and clinical diagnostic values established by the JSCC method are appropriate for continued use.     

擎天凤梨GAPDH基因的克隆及序列分析

管家基因GAPDH(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)常被用作定量、半定量PCR试验的内参,以确定目标基因的相对表达量。基于前期从全长cDNA文库中获得GAPDH基因的EST单克隆,进行Primer Walking测序,获得一个GAPDH的全长cDNA序列,序列长1 790 bp,编码421个蛋白氨基酸,命名为GoGAPDH1。采用Blast,ExPASy,ProtParam,SPOMA,Find Conserved Domains(NCBI),ClustalX, MEGA等生物信息学软件对cDNA 序列、氨基酸序列、保守区、亲缘关系等特征进行分析。结果表明,GoGAPDH1与玉米的细胞质GAPDH基因源性最高,为82%。初步推断GoGAPDH1可能是一个胞质型GAPDH。     

酚类化合物对发光细菌的急性毒性和对ETS的抑制研究

研究了5种酚类化合物对发光细菌毒性和活性污泥脱氢酶活性的抑制作用。结果表明,酚类化合物对502海水发光细菌的毒性大小顺序为2,4-二氯苯酚>对硝基苯酚>邻甲基苯酚>苯酚>对氨基苯酚,对应的EC50值分别为4.95、23.90、42.43、83.65和178.75 mg/L。而对活性污泥脱氢酶活性抑制的大小顺序同发光细菌毒性测定结果不太一致,毒性大小顺序为2,4-二氯苯酚>邻甲基苯酚>对氨基苯酚>苯酚>对硝基苯酚,相应的EC50值分别为37、398、575、794和1 333 mg/L。两种毒性测定方法的EC50结果差异比较大,可能和测定方法的特点有关。但仅仅根据单一的、高灵敏度的发光细菌毒性测定结果来调整废水处理工艺中的各项参数而实现对水质的调控,可能会造成处理成本的大幅度地增加,因此根据两种或多种毒性测定方法(其中包括以活性污泥为对象)的测定结果判定有机污染物的毒性更科学。     

复合型丸粒剂对防风种子萌发的影响

研究了复合型丸粒剂对防风种子发芽和发芽生理的影响。结果表明,防风种子经复合型丸粒剂处理后,种子活力、过氧化物酶和脱氢酶活性显著提高。丸粒化防风种子发芽集中度较裸种子显著提高,为裸种子的1.39倍。这说明复合型丸粒剂可有效改善防风种子的萌发。     

浙东白鹅GAPDH基因的扩增及其在荧光定量PCR中的应用

三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)是一种糖酵解酶,在脊椎动物的所有组织均有稳定的表达,经常作为看家基因来研究基因的表达,本研究分析了鸭GAPDH基因序列,设计了一对引物,利用PCR,RT-PCR技术扩增得到了浙东白鹅的GAPDH基因的DNA序列为235 bp,mRNA序列为209 bp,作为参比基因应用于荧光定量PCR来研究目标基因的表达,目标基因在mRNA水平上的表达量可通过参比基因校正cDNA加入量的不同来研究,荧光定量PCR显示了以cDNA为模板,此引物扩增时Ct具有单一的溶解曲线,说明其表达稳定,可以作为参比基因用于浙东白鹅基因的定量表达研究。     

昆明裂腹鱼不同组织乳酸脱氢酶同工酶研究

采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对昆明裂腹鱼的眼球、心脏、肾脏、性腺、脾脏、肝胰脏、脑、鳃和肌肉等9种组织的乳酸脱氢酶同工酶(LDH)进行了测定。结果表明:昆明裂腹鱼LDH共有15条酶带表现出特异性,在不同组织中检出的LDH酶带数量不同,以肝胰脏中最多,共检出9条;在酶活性方面,LDH在脑、鳃、肌肉和肾脏等组织中活性最强,而在眼球组织中最弱。     

秸秆还田对土壤脱氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性动态变化的影响

通过旱田试验研究了冬小麦生长期内,秸秆还田与肥料配施对土壤脱氢酶活性和多酚氧化酶活性动态变化的影响.结果表明,土壤脱氢酶活性在冬小麦生长期内波动较大,出现多个峰值;秸秆还田和厩肥的施入均能显著提高土壤脱氢酶活性.在冬小麦生长后期,尿素能显著提高土壤脱氢酶活性,而过磷酸钙的施入一定程度上降低了土壤脱氢酶活性.土壤多酚氧化酶活性表现为在冬小麦生长前期和中期活性较低,4、5月份活性迅速升高,出现高峰值,随后在收获期迅速降低;秸秆还田和过磷酸钙对土壤多酚氧化酶活性的影响不显著.在冬小麦生长中期,厩肥和尿素对土壤多酚氧化酶活性有一定的抑制作用,在冬小麦生长旺盛期,厩肥和尿素对多酚氧化酶活性的抑制作用不明显.     

发酵脱氢产氢过程对微生物铁还原的影响

发酵型微生物是铁还原菌中的主要类群,但其发酵产氢过程对铁还原的作用尚不清楚,为此采用接种水稻土浸提液混合培养的方法对微生物分别利用葡萄糖、丙酮酸盐和乳酸盐为碳源时,Fe（Ⅲ）还原过程中脱氢酶活性变化、培养体系pH、氢气分压及铁还原特征进行分析,探讨了发酵微生物脱氢产氢过程与微生物Fe（Ⅲ）还原的内在关系。结果表明：2种水稻土浸提液中的微生物均能够以葡萄糖为优势碳源进行脱氢、产氢及还原氧化铁,Fe（OH）,可以诱导脱氢酶的产生,利用葡萄糖时脱氢酶活性在厌氧培养的4-6d出现最大峰值,利用丙酮酸盐和乳酸盐时脱氢酶活性出现峰值的时间分别为培养的15d和21-22d,脱氢酶活性出现峰值的时间与最大铁还原速率Vmax显著负相关、与最大反应速率对应的时间zk存在显著正相关关系。脱氢产氢过程中产生的H＋导致培养体系pH的变化是影响铁还原过程的主要原因,培养体系pH与体系氢气分压及Fe（Ⅱ）累积量呈极显著负相关。微生物利用不同碳源产氢时,利用葡萄糖的产氢能力最高,丙酮酸盐次之,乳酸盐最低。Fe（OH）3的加入增加了氢气的消耗量,培养体系氢气分压与Fe（Ⅱ）累积量存在极显著正相关关系。