巨胚杂交稻的农艺及产量性状

以2个巨胚不育系及其相应的2个非巨胚不育系,3个巨胚恢复系、2个非巨胚恢复系为材料,配制一套共20个半双列杂交组合,研究巨胚(ge)基因对杂交稻的若干生物学特性的影响。结果表明:ge基因对杂交稻主要农艺性状和部分产量性状没有显著影响,但ge基因使杂交稻的千粒重、容重、理论产量和实际产量下降,且只有在纯合时才有显著表达。含杂合geGE基因也使其上述性状有所下降,但幅度明显小于gege纯合基因。     

乌骨鸡蛋形指数对孵化率的影响研究

将乌骨鸡种蛋按蛋形指数分为Ａ（≤７２．０％）、Ｂ（７２．１％－７４．０％）、Ｃ（７４．１％－７６．０％）、Ｄ（７６．１％－７８．０％）、Ｅ（≥７８．１％）五组进行孵化,结果表明：五组包骨 受精蛋孵化率分别为８２．６％、８６．１％、９０．２％、８７．２％、８２．５％、Ｃ组显著高于Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ、Ｅ各组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,并极显著地高于Ａ组和Ｅ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,蛋形指数为７４．１％－７６．０％的乌骨鸡种蛋孵化效果最佳。     

匀加速直线运动中柔索的张力分布及其稳定形状

本文以一段考虑自重的柔索牵引一质点作匀加速直线运动为模型，采用拖力端柔索为水平的边界条件近似，求得了柔索中张力沿弧长的分布函数，以及柔索稳定形状的参量表达式，并将所有结果与悬链线进行了有意义的比较。     

几种常见鲤科养殖鱼类肌间刺的初步研究

对鲢、鳙、团头鲂和异育银鲫肌间刺的数目、形态和分布进行分析研究,结果显示：鲢的肌间刺数目在117～124之间,鳙的肌间刺数目在116～133之间,团头鲂的肌间刺数目在114～129之间,异育银鲫的肌间刺数目在79～87之间。每条鱼左右两侧的肌间刺数目不完全相等,但总体上两侧肌间刺的数目接近。不同部位的肌间刺数目也有差异：躯干部轴上肌中的肌间刺数目最多,尾部轴上肌与轴下肌中的肌间刺数目基本相等。鲢、鳙、鲫和团头鲂的肌间刺形态都在10种以上。这几种鱼每条鱼的躯干部轴上肌中都有一根很细很短的“l”形刺,这根最短刺的长度在不同规格的鱼上差别并不大。     

Effects of thermal energy on extrusion characteristics,digestibility and palatability of a dry pet food for cats

The influence of specific thermal energy (STE) applications on extruder preconditioner was evaluated in a dry food for cats. In the first study, six STE applications were tested with mass temperatures of 45°C, 55°C, 65°C, 75°C, 85°C and 95°C. The extrusion parameters, starch gelatinization and kibble formation were evaluated. Diets were given to cats to evaluate digestibility, faecal characteristics and palatability. In the second experiment, three treatments were compared: low STE—a preconditioner temperature of 45°C (_LSTE); high STE—a preconditioner temperature of 95°C (_HSTE); high STE (preconditioner temperature of 95°C) combined with an increase in the mass flow rate to obtain a motor amperage similar to that of the _LSTE (_HSTE_flow). Data were analysed by polynomial contrasts (Experiment 1) or Tukey's test (Experiment 2; p < 0.05). An increase in STE reduced motor amperage, mass pressure and specific mechanical energy (SME) implementation (p < 0.001) and increased total specific energy (TSE) and mass temperature (p < 0.01). The increase in STE induced greater kibble expansion and starch gelatinization (p < 0.001). No changes in apparent nutrient digestibility or faeces characteristics were observed (p > 0.05). Lower STE and starch gelatinization induced higher butyrate and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents in faeces (p < 0.01). Cats showed greatest preference for the formulation with the highest STE (p < 0.01). In the second experiment, when the motor amperage was increased in the _HSTE_flow treatment to a value similar to that of the _LSTE, the mass flow rate increased 40%, and the electric energy consumption remained unchanged (p < 0.001), with gains observed for efficiency and cost. In conclusion, STE application is important for sufficient TSE implementation, enhancing kibble expansion, starch gelatinization, cat preferences for food, extruder productivity and reducing SME application. Foods with lower starch gelatinization lead to increased VFA in faeces, with possible implications for gut health.     

鸸鹋卵人工孵化初探

对1998～2002年哈尔滨北方森林动物园鸸鹋卵人工孵化条件进行综合分析,以初步确定鸸鹋人工孵化的适宜条件,结果表明,卵型指数为1.52～1.56的鸸鹋卵,孵化温度控制在36.5～37.4℃,孵化湿度为50%～61%,孵化期失重在10%～15%之间能获得最佳孵化率和健雏率。Hoty方程计算出鸸鹋卵特异系数CSS为0.000565(n=60)。鸸鹋卵平放180°,每2h翻1次卵,晾1次卵,翻卵角度为90°能明显提高鸸鹋出雏率和健雏率,及时熟练的人工助产是避免鸸鹋后期死亡的重要手段。     

紫露草花色形成的机理分析

运用测色法、组织切片法、电感耦合、等离子体质谱及高效液相色谱等植物成分分析方法,对单子叶植物紫露草（Tradescantia albiflora）花色形成的化学基础进行研究。结果表明,紫露草花瓣颜色属于蓝紫色系（Violet group N88B）;色素物质主要积累于近轴面和远轴面的表皮层,深度20～30 μm,且表皮细胞呈略扁平的长方形;紫露草花瓣中Ca元素含量极丰富（5 120.89 μg·g-1）,其次是Mg元素（2 360.71 μg·g-1）;主要成色色素为矢车菊素(6.671 1 mg·g-1)和飞燕草素(0.674 4 mg·g-1);主要黄酮醇类物质是山奈酚(0.327 2 mg·g-1)。本研究表明,紫露草蓝紫色花的形成可能与二价金属元素Ca、Mg与飞燕草色素及矢车菊色素螯合有关。     

Predictive equations of selenium accessibility of dry pet foods

The trace element selenium is essential to both dogs and cats. Dry diets are formulated with a large range of ingredients, which may vary in selenium concentration and accessibility. This paper reports equations to predict the average in vitro selenium accessibility from dry pet foods based on essential dietary nutrient concentrations, including crude protein, amino acids and crude fat. Predictive equations were made using stepwise linear regression for extruded and pelleted diets. The equations can be used to aid diet formulation to optimize selenium accessibility within the diet and to prevent selenium deficiency or toxicity.     

蛋重和蛋形指数对黑凤鸡种蛋孵化率的影响

测量了黑凤鸡种蛋的蛋重和蛋形指数，研究蛋重和蛋形指数对黑凤鸡种蛋孵化率的影响。结果表明：黑凤鸡种蛋蛋重在36．8。46．9g，蛋形指数在0．675--0．789孵化率较高。     

不同光照强度对新娘草叶片形态建成及超微结构的影响

为探究新娘草叶片对光照变化的形态建成和超微结构的响应机制,以新娘草茎段扦插苗为试验材料,通过遮阳网人工模拟5种光环境(遮光度分别为0、25%、50%、75%、95%)进行试验,研究不同光照强度对新娘草叶片生长及超微结构的影响。结果表明:随光强的减弱,新娘草叶长、叶宽和叶面积呈先增后减的变化趋势。在遮光75%时,叶长、叶宽和叶面积达到峰值,叶面颜色由黄绿色变为浓绿色,叶背颜色由深紫色变为浅紫色,在遮光95%时,紫色消失。光强对叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、叶绿素a+b[Chl (a+b)]和花色素苷(Ant)含量均有显著影响(P<0.05):Chl a、Chl b和Chl (a+b)含量与光强呈负相关,Ant含量与光强呈正相关。新娘草叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度均随光强的降低而显著降低(P<0.05),而栅栏/海绵组织厚度和组织密实度均在50%遮光下达到峰值。全光及遮光25%条件对叶肉细胞的超微结构产生了轻微的破坏,造成部分基粒类囊体片层和基质类囊体片层的扩张,淀粉粒体积变大,而极端弱光(遮光95%)对叶肉细胞的超微结构产生了巨大的破坏,使得部分叶绿体解体,淀粉粒空洞。研究结果表明新娘草具有较强的光适应性,可以通过调整叶形、叶色、叶片解剖结构的方式适应不同的光环境,适度的光照强度(遮光50%~75%)有利于新娘草维持最佳的生长状态,而在极端弱光环境(遮光95%)下新娘草虽能存活,但叶片内部器官的结构产生了不可逆的损伤。