浮顶罐储存煤油的经济分析

通常情况下,很少秀内浮顶罐储存煤油。提出了用内浮顶装煤油的设想,分别给出了立式拱顶罐和内浮顶油罐“大,小呼吸”损耗经验计算公式,并对内浮顶罐和共顶罐装煤油时的蒸发损耗量以及两种油罐的造价等进行了对比计算,认为用内浮顶罐储存煤油是经济,合理和安全的,建议新建煤油储罐时应采用浮顶油罐。     

Clinical presentation,treatment and possible causes of persistent endometrial cups illustrated by two cases

Persistent endometrial cups are relatively rare in the mare and the occurrence in 2 successive pregnancies, as described in this issue, is an intriguing finding. This article describes an additional 2 cases of endometrial cups persisting in excess of 12 months in mares that had experienced pregnancy loss. Both mares demonstrated irregular ovarian activity in the form of repeated formation of haemorrhagic anovulatory follicles. A definitive diagnosis was made by visualisation of cup tissue by hysteroscopy and demonstration of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in the mares' serum. Biopsy of endometrial cups was made under visual direction and the mares were treated by chemical curettage with kerosene. The clinical presentation, treatment and possible causes of persistent endometrial cups are reviewed and discussed.     

Taxonomy,nomenclature and phylogeny of three cladosporium-like hyphomycetes,Sorocybe resinae,Seifertia azaleae and the Hormoconis anamorph of Amorphotheca resinae

Using morphological characters, cultural characters, large subunit and internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS) sequences, and provisions of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, this paper attempts to resolve the taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion surrounding three species of cladosporium-like hyphomycetes. The type specimen of Hormodendrum resinae, the basis for the use of the epithet resinae for the creosote fungus {either as Hormoconis resinae or Cladosporium resinae) represents the mononematous synanamorph of the synnematous, resinicolous fungus Sorocybe resinae. The phylogenetic relationships of the creosote fungus, which is the anamorph of Amorphotheca resinae, are with the family Myxotrichaceae, whereas S. resinae is related to Capronia (Chaetothyriales, Herpotrichiellaceae). Our data support the segregation of Pycnostysanus azaleae, the cause of bud blast of rhododendrons, in the recently described anamorph genus Seifertia, distinct from Sorocybe; this species is related to the Dothideomycetes but its exact phylogenetic placement is uncertain. To formally stabilize the name of the anamorph of the creosote fungus, conservation of Hormodendrum resinae with a new holotype should be considered. The paraphyly of the family Myxotrichaceae with the Amorphothecaceae suggested by ITS sequences should be confirmed with additional genes.     

航空煤油输送管线的防腐技术

通过对一条年输送量为10万吨的航空煤油管线的敷设方案的介绍与分析，探讨了航空煤油输送管线的防腐技术，论证了HD型环氧煤沥青漆是航空煤油输送管线较理想的外防腐材料。     

柴油-航空煤油宽馏程混合燃料对柴油机燃烧与排放的影响

为了研究柴油-航空煤油宽馏程混合燃料对柴油机燃烧与排放的影响,按照中国3号航空煤油(rocket propellant 3,RP3)的掺混比(体积比)分别为20%、40%与60%与国VI柴油进行混合,配制3种具有不同理化特性的柴油-RP3宽馏程混合燃料(D80K20、D60K40与D40K60),并通过台架试验,研究了最大扭矩转速2700 r/min所对应的100%、50%与10%负荷工况(分别记为A、B、C工况)下,D100、D80K20、D60K40和D40K60对柴油机缸内工作过程、排放、颗粒物浓度与粒径分布的影响规律。结果表明,3种工况下,与D100相比,RP3掺混比增加到60%时,缸内最大压力的变化范围小于0.2 MPa,预混燃烧放热率峰值增大13.21~27.43 J/°CA,滞燃期延长2.19~2.53°CA,燃烧持续期缩短1.73~1.91°CA,预混燃烧累积放热百分比增加4.66%~5.28%,缸内最高温度的上升幅度小于35 K,与放热率峰值和最大燃烧压力相对应的曲轴转角后移1.67~2.23°CA,有效热效率上升0.15%~0.46%。柴油-RP3宽馏程混合燃料能够显著降低柴油机碳烟排放,并且降低效果随着柴油机负荷的增加和RP3掺混比的增大更加明显,但对NOX排放没有明显的影响,与D100相比,柴油机在3种工况下燃用D40K60时的碳烟排放分别降低53.6%、44.1%、35%,NOX排放的上升幅度均小于2%,核态颗粒物数量浓度上升12.5%~90.6%,积聚态颗粒物数量浓度、颗粒物总数量浓度、颗粒物表面积浓度和总质量浓度分别降低20.1%~45.8%、14.2%~42.1%、32.5%~41.6%、28.5%~38.8%,且积聚态颗粒物的粒径朝小粒径方向移动。试验结果表明,柴油-RP3宽馏程混合燃料对柴油机燃烧与排放有重要的影响,能明显改善柴油机碳烟与NOX排放之间的trade-off关系,并且在降低柴油机颗粒物总数量浓度、总质量浓度以及表面积浓度方面具有较为显著的效果,有利于降低柴油机DFP载体上的颗粒物堆积、延长DFP再生周期。     

航空煤油储运过程中的质量控制

针对航空煤油在储运过程中可能出质量问题，在分析了影响航空煤油质量的主要物质及其危害的基础上，对在航空煤油储运过程中出现质量问题的各种原因进行了剖析，提出了控制含水量，防止航煤氧化，去除机械杂质,防止静电等质量控制措施。     

炼油厂常减压塔顶系统腐蚀的研究

用ＨＪＣ－３恒电量腐蚀监测仪研究了ＰＨ值，Ｃｌ＾－质量比和温度对不锈钢在煤油／水体系腐蚀行为的影响，模拟现场条件讨论了２０＃钢在汽油／冷凝水体系的腐蚀行为，恒电量法研究结果与现场失重法结果一致。     

RP-3航空煤油及固体杂质性质实验

为了研究RP-3航空煤油及其所含杂质的物理特性,对华北某机场油库收发作业流程中3 个不同进出油单元储罐进行取样,并抽滤得到航空煤油油样及固相杂质.采用密度测量仪、毛细管黏度计、蒸馏瓶等实验仪器测定航空煤油油样的密度、黏度及含水率,并对固相杂质进行电镜扫描及能谱分析.结果表明:3 个储罐内的航空煤油运动黏度为1.651 ...