5种食虫蝙蝠的生态形态特征与猎物选择的相关性

笔者研究了贵州省安龙县5种蝙蝠:蹄蝠科蹄蝠属的大蹄蝠、黄大蹄蝠、中蹄蝠和三叶蹄蝠属的三叶蹄蝠,以及菊头蝠科菊头蝠属的皮氏菊头蝠的生态形态特征与猎物选择的关系。通过对5种食虫蝙蝠的生态形态特征参数的测量,发现体型较大、飞行较快的大蹄蝠、黄大蹄蝠主要捕食体型较大的鞘翅目、鳞翅目昆虫;体型较小、飞行较慢的三叶蹄蝠则以小型鳞翅目和双翅目昆虫为食;体型居中的中蹄蝠和皮氏菊头蝠不仅选择中等体型昆虫,而且与其余3种蹄蝠的食性部分重叠,这与捕食者体型与猎物体型相一致的生态规律相符。     

Detection and phylogenetic characterization of astroviruses in insectivorous bats from Central‐Southern Italy

In recent years, bats have been found to harbour many viruses, raising several questions about their role as reservoirs and potential disseminators of zoonotic viruses. We investigated the presence of six virus families in bats in three regions of Central‐Southern Italy. Astroviruses were identified in seven of 13 bat species. Sequence analysis revealed marked genetic heterogeneity among the astroviruses identified, with nucleotide identity ranging between 60.26% and 87.62%. Astrovirus diversity was not associated with the bat species, the geographic areas or the bat colony, suggesting the circulation of several astrovirus strains in Italian ecosystems. Genetic diversification and interspecies transmission appear common in bat astroviruses and could provide, potentially, the bases for transmission to humans and other mammals. Yet overemphasizing this risk might have detrimental consequences for bat conservation and preservation of the important ecosystem services bats provide.     

野巴旦杏保护区食虫鸟类资源及保护利用

文章介绍了新疆野巴旦杏保护区食虫鸟类共 8目 1 5科 2 0种 ,并提出了鸟类的保护与利用建议     

Anatomical parameters of the body and the digestive tract of Callithrix sp. marmosets under the influence of seasonality

Due to the ecological importance and given the scarcity of studies on the digestive morphology of primates, anatomical aspects of the body and digestive tract, as well as food content were analysed for marmosets Callithrix sp. (hybrids of exotic species) captured in forest fragments in Minas Gerais - Brazil, during the dry and rainy seasons, considering that seasonal variations affect the availability of food and quality of diet. Data such as body weight and length, and thoracic and abdominal perimeters were analysed, and no significant difference was found between dry and rainy seasons. In relation to the digestive tract, length, weight and diameter of the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine were measured, in addition to the isolated caecum. There was a significant difference in the diameter of the ascending colon, which was larger in the animals in the dry season than in the rainy season. The difference found may be related to diet, and through analysis of the gastric and caecal contents, it was observed that gum was the main food item for the dry season marmosets, while in the rainy season the animals consumed mainly arthropods. Thus, the characteristic observed in the digestive tract of dry season marmosets is a reflection of an adaptive response to gum intake, since this food item is of low digestibility, necessitating that the food content be retained for a long time in this segment of the large intestine, helping the process of microbial fermentation and better energy utilization for these animals.     

新桥国际机场昆虫群落与鸟类发生的相关性

掌握昆虫群落及其与机场飞鸟的关系可以从生态学角度出发,通过控制昆虫的发生进而降低鸟击频率。通过对新桥国际机场昆虫群落连续3年的调查（2016—2018年,共鉴定30 102 头昆虫）,发现群落由12目89科184种昆虫构成,半翅目和鞘翅目为优势类群,每年的6—8月是昆虫高发期。机场鸟类共记录6目19科39种,雀形目为优势类群,以食虫鸟和杂食鸟为主,活动高峰期是7—8月,与昆虫的高发期高度吻合。冗余分析进一步表明,杂食鸟和食虫鸟数量与昆虫生物量呈显著正相关,半翅目和鞘翅目是影响鸟类数量的主要昆虫类群。聚类分析揭示出新桥机场主要有3类生境,围界内草坪和围界外草地是防治的重点区域。这些研究结果为机场防范鸟击事件从传统的物理化学手段到生态综合治理的发展提供了思路。     

昆虫线虫抑制植物线虫的机理研究进展

斯氏科(Steinernematidae)、异小杆科(Heterorhabditidae)、索科(Mermithidae)和小杆科(Rhabditidae)线虫为几类较有生物防治前景的昆虫线虫。一些昆虫线虫除了能够有效地防治有害昆虫,还具有抑制植物线虫的作用,本课题组研究发现小杆科、小杆属Rhabditis(Oscheius)的某些昆虫线虫品系也有抑制植物线虫的作用。国内在这方面报道很少,国外许多线虫研究者自20世纪80年代以来有过一些研究。本文着重报道昆虫线虫抑制植物线虫的作用机理研究进展、植物线虫的生物防治途径和昆虫线虫的应用范围。