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草原火是草原生态系统重要的干扰因子,严重影响着系统的结构与功能。基于遥感数据,以2015年“4·16”特大草原火灾为例,利用ENVI和ArcGIS等软件,分别对NDVI和GPP指数及火烧严重度下的植被恢复过程进行定量分析。结果表明,基于NDVI和GPP指数的火后植被恢复过程表现相似,不同年份植被恢复情况存在一定差异。火灾发生当年(2015年)火烧迹地植被恢复状况高于未发生火灾区域,而在火后第1年(2016年)却又稍低于未发生火灾区域,直到火后第2年(2017年),火烧迹地植被基本恢复到火前状态。同时,不同火烧严重度下的植被恢复过程在存在明显差异。草原火灾发生后当年(2015年),中强度火烧下植被恢复最好,其次是轻度,重度表现最差。草原火烧严重度对植被恢复的影响,主要表现在火后第1个植被生长季。在之后的年份里,由于草原更新能力强大,不同火烧严重度对草原植被的影响不明显。本研究可丰富草原火灾及火烧迹地植被恢复等相关研究成果,同时为草原火灾管理和草原生态系统的可持续发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Thomas K. Day DVM MS Susan Holcombe VMD William W. Muir II DVM PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1993,3(2):90-95
A six-year-old arabian stallion was admitted to The Ohio State University Veterinary Hospital for evaluation and repair of a comminuted fracture of the second phalanx. The horse developed impaired arterial oxygenation during surgey and pulmonary edema post-operatively. We postulate that impaired arterial oxygenation resulted from atelectasis of the dependent lung during annesthesia, and the pulmonary edema occurred following re-expansion of the atelectatic of the initiating cause of the edema, removal of excess lung water from the alveoli, and restoration of normal arterial oxygenation. The horse was fully recovered within 12 hours of initiation of clinical signs of respiratory compromise. The horse was fully recovered within 12 hours of initiation of clinical signs of respiratory compromise. This report describes re-expansion pulmonary edema due to reperfusion injury in a horse, treatment of the condition, and a possible explanation of the pathogenesis of this pulmonary pathology. 相似文献
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橡胶树低温伤害的生理反应 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
在人工零上低温下,巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)叶质膜透性随低温处理时间的延长而持续上升,抗冷品系的上升速率比不抗冷品系慢。呼吸强度和ATP含量均随处理时间的延长而持续下降,抗冷品系下降速率比不抗冷品系慢。叶绿体Mg~(++)—ATPase活性也表现出明显抗性差异。可见,低温下叶组织的质膜透性、呼吸强度、ATP含量以及Mg~(++)—ATPase活性的变化与品系抗冷性有关。低温下呼吸强度、ATP含量与质膜透性变化呈负相关,质膜透性的变化与供能有关。 相似文献
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T. W. Hofman P. H. J. Jongebloed 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1988,94(5):243-252
The infection process ofRhizoctonia solani AG-3 was studied on potato sprouts, cv. Bintje, in growth chamber trials at 15 °C. Initially hyphae ofR. solani grew predominantly in the longitudinal direction of the sprouts (runner hyphae). They tended to follow the junctions between epidermis cells as was observed by SEM. The hyphae formed side-branches mainly half-way of the subterranean parts of the sprouts. They branched several times with short swollen cells to form infection cushions. Lesions developed only underneath the infection cushions and were first observed five days after inoculation. The necrotic area was proportional to the area covered with infection cushions on the sprouts. Depth of the lesions could extend up to the vascular bundle. Sprouts were colonized only in healthy tissue in the epidermal layer underneath the infection cushion and in necrotic tissue. A few days after appearance of the lesions,R. solani formed brown, uninfective mycelium on and in the circumference of these lesions.Aldicarb did not influence any part of the infection process. Ethoprophos delayed the emergence of sprouts, but increased the number of sprouts per tuber. As soon as sprouts had emerged, growth was considerably promoted by ethoprophos. Ethoprophos delayed the appearance of lesions and reduced their size. Oxamyl showed the same effects to a smaller extent.As the size of lesions appears to be proportional to the size of the infection cushions, any agents that change the size of the infection cushions, such as pesticides or antagonists, may alter the severity of the disease.Samenvatting Het infectieproces vanRhizoctonia solani AG-3 werd bestudeerd op aardappelspruiten, cv. Bintje, in een klimaatcel bij 15C. Aanvankelijk groeide de schimmel met runnerhyfen voornamelijk in de lengterichting van de spruit. Via SEM kon waargenomen worden, dat de hyfen hierbij vooral over de begrenzingen van de epidermiscellen groeiden. Het mycelium vormde veel zijvertakkingen, bestaande uit iets gezwollen korte cellen, welke voornamelijk halverwege op het ondergrondse deel van de spruit gevormd werden. Een dichte massa van deze cellen vormde een infectiekussentje. Lesies, welke vanaf vijf dagen na inoculatie werden waargenomen, bevonden zich slechts onder spruitoppervlak bezet met infectiekussentjes. De lesiegrootte was recht evenredig met het spruitoppervlak dat bezet was met infectiekussentjes. De diepte van de lesies reikte tot aan de vaatbundels. De spruit werd alleen door de schimmel gekoloniseerd in gezond epidermisweefsel onder het infectiekussentje en in necrotisch weefsel. Enkele dagen na verschijning van lesies vormde R.solani bruin, niet infectieus, mycelium op en rondom de lesies.Aldicarb had geen effect op het infectieproces. Ethoprophos vertraagde de opkomst en verhoogde het aantal tot ontwikkeling gekomen spruiten per knol in gestoomd zand. Direct na opkomst had ethoprophos echter een sterk groeistimulerend effect. Ethoprophos vertraagde de lesievorming en reduceerde de lesiegrootte, vergeleken met onbehandelde planten. Oxamyl vertoonde deze effecten in geringere mate.Daar de lesiegrootte direct gecorreleerd blijkt met de grootte van het infectiekussentje, mag verwacht worden dat elke beïnvloeding van de ontwikkeling van het mycelium van R.solani, bijvoorbeeld door pesticiden of antagonisten, een verandering van de lesiegrootte ten gevolge heeft. 相似文献
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AIM:To study influence of ischemia-reperfusion(IR) on apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-related genes Fas-L, Bax and Bcl-2 of sinoatrial node(SAN) cells in rabbits in vivo. METHODS:Ninety healthy adult rabbits were divided randomly into control group, ischemia groups (I10 min, I30 min, I60 min and I120 min) and IR groups (I10 minR4h, I30 minR4h, I60 minR4hand I120 minR4h). IR injury model of SAN was established by occluding and loosening the start section of right coronary artery. The apoptosis of SAN cells was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression of Fas-L, Bax and Bcl-2 of SAN cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:①No obvious apoptosis of SAN cells was observed in control group, I10 min and I30 min groups. Apoptosis of different degrees in SAN cells were found in 68.3%(41/60) rabbits in I60 min, I120 min and 4 subgroups of IR. ②The highest expression of Fas-L and Bax was observed in I120 min group and that of Bcl-2 was in I60 min group. ③The highest expression of Fas-L and Bax was observed in I60 minR4h group. The peak level of Bcl-2 was observed in I30 minR4h group. ④The expression of Fas-L and Bax was significant higher in IR group than that in ischemic group at the same time point. CONCLUSION:Ischemia and IR induced apoptosis of SAN cells in rabbit in vivo. Fas-L、Bax、Bcl-2 may participate in the regulation of apoptosis and the injury during IR aggravates the apoptosis of SAN cells. 相似文献
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AIM:To study the relationship between myocardial HSP70 and PKC during myocardial ischemic preconditioning(IPC). METHODS: PKC inhibitor, polymyxin B(PMB) and PKC activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA) were applied to the models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in vivo and in vitro in rabbits, respectively, and the ventricular functions, PLA2 in the serum, and the expression of mycardial HSP70 mRNA were examined. RESULTS:IPC decreased PLA2 activity, improved the left ventricular function and increased the expression of myocardial HSP70 mRNA. Howerer, all these effects of IPC could be blocked by PMB. Interestingly, PMA mimicked IPC with attenuating the injuries of cardial myocytes and increasing myocardial HSP70 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION:PKC is involved in the myocardial HSP70 expression in case of ischemic preconditioning. 相似文献
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AIM: To investigate the effect of Sini decoction (SND)on the ultrastructure of small intestinal epithelial cells in rats with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) Control group in which sham operation was performed; (2) Model group in which intestinal I/R was produced by clamping super mesenteric artery(SMA) for 1 hour and declamping SMA for 3 hours; (3) SND1 group in which SD (0.6 g/200 g rat) was given via stomach tube 3 d before intestinal I/R; (4) SND2 group in which SD (1.2 g/200 g rat)was given via stomach tube 3 d before intestinal I/R. A strip of small intestine was taken from distal end of ileum for electron microscopic examination. The two-dimensional structural parameters and three-dimensional structural parameters of mitochondria were calculated. RESULTS: (1)Morphological changes of small intestine: In control group, epithelial cells were orderly arranged, with normal mitochondria and intestinal villi. In model group, the gaps between epithelial cells widened. There were a lot of apoptotic cells. Microvilli were short and swelled. Mitochondria were swelled obviously with broken ridges. Endoplasmatic reticulum was severely dilated. In SND1 and SND2 groups, microvilli and epithelial cells were orderly arranged relatively, mitochondria was slightly swelled. (2) Structural parameters of mitochondria: In model group, there were the least mitochondria and the swelling of mitochondria was severe. In SND1 and SND2 groups, the mitochondria was more than that of model group and the swelling were slight. CONCLUSION: Sini decoction can protect small intestine from ischemia-reperfusion injury without dose-dependent effect. 相似文献