Development of a romifidine constant rate infusion with or without butorphanol for standing sedation of horses

ObjectiveTo determine constant rate infusion (CRI) protocols for romifidine (R) and romifidine combined with butorphanol (RB) resulting in constant sedation and romifidine plasma concentrations.Study designBlinded randomized crossover study.AnimalsTen adult research horses.MethodsPart I: After determining normal height of head above ground (HHAG = 100%), loading doses of romifidine (80 μg kg^?1) with butorphanol (RB: 18 μg kg^?1) or saline (R) were given intravenously (IV). Immediately afterwards, a butorphanol (RB: 25 μg kg^?1 hour^?1) or saline (R) CRI was administered for 2 hours. The HHAG was used as marker of sedation depth. Sedation was maintained for 2 hours by additional romifidine (20 μg kg^?1) whenever HHAG > 50%. The dose rate of romifidine (μg kg^?1 hour^?1) required to maintain sedation was calculated for both treatments. Part II: After loading doses, the romifidine CRIs derived from part I were administered in parallel to butorphanol (RB) or saline (R). Sedation and ataxia were evaluated periodically. Romifidine plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC-MS-MS at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 105, and 120 minutes. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and two-way anova for repeated measures (p < 0.05).ResultsThere was no significant difference in romifidine requirements (R: 30; RB: 29 μg kg^?1 hour^?1). CRI protocols leading to constant sedation were developed. Time to first additional romifidine bolus was significantly longer in RB (mean ± SD, R: 38.5 ± 13.6; RB: 50.5 ± 11.7 minutes). Constant plasma concentrations of romifidine were achieved during the second hour of CRI. Ataxia was greater when butorphanol was added.ConclusionRomifidine bolus, followed by CRI, provided constant sedation assessed by HHAG. Butorphanol was ineffective in reducing romifidine requirements in unstimulated horses, but prolonged the sedation caused by the initial romifidine bolus.Clinical relevanceBoth protocols need to be tested under clinical conditions.     

Effect of fentanyl on the induction dose and minimum infusion rate of propofol preventing movement in dogs

Objective

To determine the effect of fentanyl on the induction dose of propofol and minimum infusion rate required to prevent movement in response to noxious stimulation (MIR_NM) in dogs.

绿茶茶汤对肥胖相关肠道菌群的影响

近年来,饮茶调节肠道微生态的效果受到广泛关注。本研究通过将绿茶茶汤与志愿者新鲜粪样混合培养,使用荧光原位杂交技术考察不同发酵时间点(0、6、12、24 h)绿茶茶汤对与肥胖密切相关的肠道菌群(包括总菌、拟杆菌门微生物和厚壁菌门微生物)的影响,从而评估绿茶茶汤调节肠道微生态作用的效果。实验结果表明,绿茶茶汤在体外粪样混合培养体系中发酵24 h时,对于肠道中总菌、拟杆菌门微生物以及厚壁菌门微生物的数量减少有抑制效果(P0.05),并可以改善肠道中拟杆菌门与厚壁菌门的相对丰度,降低厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门比例(F/B),这为饮茶对改善肠道健康、减肥降脂作用提供了一定的理论参考。     

Effects of Chemical Components on the Amount of Green Tea Cream

The relationship between the amount of tea cream and the chemical components contents in the original green tea infusion was investigated. The results showed that the amounts of tea cream in the green tea infusions obtained from different cultivars and different parts of new shoots were varied. There were many chemical components participating in the formation of green tea cream. However, there were only the contents of caffeine (Y=0.85, P＜0.01) and polyphenols (Y=0.65,P＜0.05) in the original green tea infusion highly correlated with the amount of green tea cream. Stepwise regression analysis of overall chemical components indicated that the contents of caffeine and gallated catechins in the original green tea infusion had a significant effect (P＜0.0 1) on green tea cream levels. Cream (g L-1)=-172.071+ 0.129×Ccaffeine+0.024×Ggallated catechins (R2=0.936). The amount of green tea cream can be predicted by the contents of gallated catechins and caffeine in the original tea infusion. Principal component analysis also indicated that catechins, minerals, and polysaccharides were the important chemical components in the formation of green tea cream.     

外源DNA完全酶解成分在水稻浸胚法导入中的诱变作用

外源ＤＮＡ以ＤＮＡ酶（ＤＮａｓｅⅠ）完全酶解后,浸泡处理灿型中优早２号糙米,研究了外源ＤＮＡ酶解成分在水稻浸胚法导入中的诱变作用。处理当代即表现了一定程度的变异,表明浸胚法外源ＤＮＡ导入过程中确存在着完全降解成分的诱变作用。     

高产奶牛孕检后同期发情程序选择的研究

为了研究适用于高产奶牛的同期发情程序方案,将218头膘情良好、子宫和卵巢发育正常的不同胎次荷斯坦牛随机分成两组,试验1组为106头,试验2组为112头,分别采用两种同期程序(0.5.6.8和0.7.8.9)进行处理,测定情期受胎率,用于评价两种同期程序对高产奶牛的适用性.结果表明,试验2组情期受胎率平均为41.96％,...