Malassezia dermatitis in the dog: a retrospective histopathological and immunopathological study of 86 cases (1990–95)

A retrospective histopathological and immunopathological study was conducted on 86 dogs with Malassezia dermatitis. West Highland White terriers, English Setters, Shih Tzus, Basset Hounds, American Cocker Spaniels, spayed females, and castrated males were found to be at increased risk. The histopathological reaction pattern of lymphocytic superficial perivascular to interstitial dermatitis with parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, irregular epidermal hyperplasia, diffuse intercellular oedema and lymphocytic exocytosis was found to be consistent with a diagnosis of Malassezia dermatitis whether yeast were histologically visible (73.3% of the cases) or not (26.7%). Immunopathological studies revealed that 60– > 90% of the inflammatory cells within the epidermis, and 25–75% of those within the dermis were CD3+T lymphocytes, and that the only immunoglobulin-positive cells were dermal plasma cells.     

中华鳖肝组织炎性细胞的浸润及其结构↑（*）

用组织化学和显微及亚显微生物技术,研究了患非寄生性肝病中华鳖（Ｔｒｉｏｎｙｘｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）的外周血、肝静脉血血相变化和浸润肝组织炎性细胞的亚显微结构及其细胞免疫病理反应。结果表明,中华鳖的炎性细胞趋化性强、浸润面广。其剧烈的非特异性细胞免疫反应表现为：嗜中性粒细胞数量多、个体大、结构变化复杂,并在非特异性细胞免疫反应中发挥重要作用,其次是淋巴细胞、Ｋｕｆｅｒ细胞;肝组织中被激活的白细胞在结构和数量上发生显著变化,并在浸润肝组织后聚集、吞噬、消化,发生强烈的细胞免疫反应。红细胞发生渗出性病理反应。     

铜绿假单胞菌对TLR4缺失鼠的致病性研究

本研究旨在了解TLR4信号转导在铜绿假单胞菌感染所致急性肺损伤的发病机理中的作用.通过使用Tlr4基因突变致正常TLR4信号转导缺失的C3H/HeJ小鼠,评估TLR4信号转导在调节铜绿假单胞菌引起的急性肺损伤中的作用.选用6～8周龄、雄性、TLR4缺陷型(C3H/HeJ)和SPF级野生型(C3H/HeN)的小鼠各21只...     

CVI 988/Rispens冷冻苗鸡胚胎免疫的免疫病理学机制

用CCI 988/Rispens冷冻苗免疫18日龄的鸡胚,观察淋巴器官的超微结构变化,揭示胚胎免疫的免疫病理学机制.结果显示:胚胎免疫组和胚胎免疫攻毒组的淋巴细胞活性增加,细胞核仁数目和胞浆内线粒体数目增多;非免疫攻毒组的淋巴细胞感染病毒,引起细胞核膜和线粒体受损,细胞有明显的退行性变化,表现为细胞大小不一,常染色质增加,异染色质减少.由此可见,18日龄胚胎免疫对淋巴器官的早期发育具有明显的免疫促进作用,可使雏鸡提前产生有效的免疫力.     

Membranous Glomerulonephropathy in a Hatano Low-avoidance Rat

Membranous glomerulonephropathy can be experimentally induced in rats, but spontaneous cases have been rarely reported. In this report, we present a typical case of spontaneous membranous glomerulonephropathy in a rat. A male Hatano low-avoidance (LAA) strain rat had a tumor mass on the right auricle, and was sacrificed at 41 weeks of age. Urinary screening by reagent strips revealed intense proteinuria. Histological tests revealed frequent presence of irregularly sized eosinophilic hyaline materials on the capillary wall and in the mesangium of renal glomeruli. Immunofluorescence revealed granular deposits of IgG, IgM, and C3 in the glomeruli. Subepithelial dense deposits were observed by electron microscopy accompanied by podocyte foot process effacement and occasional irregular thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. The rat also developed chronic lymphocytic pancreatitis, and the tumor mass on the right auricle was diagnosed as a fibrosarcoma. Screening tests for antibodies against major infectious agents and antinuclear antibody were negative. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence analyses suggested the presence of an autoantibody against the pancreatic component. The glomerulopathy was considered an early stage of membranous glomerulonephropathy.     

Antibody-mediated enhancement of disease in feline infectious peritonitis: Comparisons with dengue hemorrhagic fever

Non-immune kittens passively immunized with feline serum containing high-titered antibodies reactive with feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) developed a more rapid disease after FIPV challenge than did kittens pretreated with FIPV antibody-negative serum. Antibody-sensitized, FIPV challenged—kittens developed earlier clinical signs (including pyrexia, icterus, and thrombocytopenia) and died more rapidly than did non-sensitized, FIPV-challenged kittens. Mean survival time in sensitized kittens was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared to non-sensitized kittens (mean ± SEM, 10.0 ± 0.6 days vs. 28.8 ± 8.3 days, respectively). Lesions induced included fibrinous peritonitis, disseminated pyogranulomatous inflammation and necrotizing phlebitis and periphlebitis. FIPV antigen, immunoglobulin G, complement (C3) and fibrinogen were demonstrated in lesions by immunofluorescence microscopy.The pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in persons bears striking resemblance to that of FIP in experimental kittens. In both FIP and DHF, non-neutralizing antibody may promote acute disease by enhancement of virus infection in mononuclear phagocytes or by formation of immune complexes, activation of complement and secondary vascular disturbances.     

Chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract of companion animals

In the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that affect dogs and cats there appears to be dysregulation of normal mucosal immunity, characterised by polyclonal lymphocytic infiltrates which are presumably specific for luminal antigens. There is an absence of a classical polarisation of either T-helper (Th) 1 or Th2 cytokine responses, although increased expression of mRNA for interleukin (IL) 2 and IL-12p40 and a shift towards mucosal immunoglobulin (Ig) G production are consistent findings, whilst variable responses are seen in tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Increased mucosal permeability and deranged intestinal motility are common sequelae.

Despite obvious similarities with Crohn’s disease and ulcera- tive colitis in humans, important differences exist. Of these, the diffuse superficial nature but with no Th1 or Th2 bias, and the prevalence of proximal small intestinal disease are notable. Potential hypotheses for these disparities include specific differences in the types or locations of “agonistic” gut flora, diffuse abnormalities in microbial-host interactions, a greater importance of diet, or anatomical or cellular differences in mucosal immune responses.

Although specific pathogens and genetic susceptibilities may be involved, quantitative or qualitative changes in the normal flora or abnormal responses to a normal flora are more likely to be involved in the immunopathogenesis. Dietary influences include a large source of antigen, promotion of abnormal microbial growth through Maillard compounds within canned diets, and specific macro- and micronutrient deficiencies. Although dependent on a histopathological diagnosis, limitations of biopsies procured endoscopically, lack of histopathological standardisation and difficulty distinguishing inflammation from neoplasia remain significant problems. Clinician-pathologist dialogue, immunohistochemistry, cytokine profiling and lymphocyte-clonality assessment may lead to more accurate diagnoses, a deeper understanding of the immunopathogenesis, and ultimately to new therapies or prevention of disease induction.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫学研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒是能够引起母猪繁殖障碍和新生仔猪呼吸症状的严重危害养猪业的一种重要病原。其特异的免疫学特征给疫苗的设计与研制带来一定的困难。近年来,对其免疫学研究取得了重要的进展,特别是在病原的基本免疫学特征、体液免疫与细胞免疫特征、免疫抑制与免疫调节等方面做了深入研究与分析。同时,也对参与该病免疫应答的细胞及细胞因子和所引起的免疫病理学方面做了详细的研究。这些都为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗的研究提供了新的思路和方法。