Doubled-haploid versus single-seed descent and S1-family variation for testcross performance in a maize population

Progress made in the in situ gynogenesis technique since 1990 now allows production of a high number of maize (Zea mays L.) doubled-haploid (DH) lines. The aim of the study was to compare DH lines versus selfing lines for testcross performance. DH and single-seed descent (SSD) lines were produced from random S₁ progenies of a broad-base population. For grain yield, kernel moisture, plant height, ear height and leaf length, the three population means were similar. Except for kernel moisture, the genetic variance of DH lines was nearly twice as high as the genetic variance of S₁ families, as expected. On the other hand, genetic variance among SSD lines was only 1.5 times higher than the genetic variance of S₁ families. This lower variance could be due to a selection bias in the method of production of SSD lines. However, for all traits, heritability of SSD or DH lines was higher than heritability of S₁ families. Epistasis effects in DH progenies were not significant. The consequence was a high correlation between S₁ testcross progenies and DH or SSD testcross progenies, meaning that the S₁ testcross value can be used to select the best families from which DH lines will be extracted. As a whole, the observed variation in DH lines appeared to be more in accordance with the observed variation among S₁ families than with the observed variation among SSD lines.     

马克思主义关于人的发展与社会发展问题

人的发展和社会发具有内在关联性,但马克思主义所关注的人的发展是人的本质力量的发展,即人的劳动能力的发展、人的社会关系的发展。人的发展是一个社会历史过程,又是一个理想目标,社会发展是社会进步的过程,是人类生产力不断提高、人们的社会关系不断进化的过程。实践的观点是理解二者的关键,二者既具有同一性,又具有矛盾性,是一个永恒的矛盾运动的过程。     

东江源山地果畜结合系统“以种定养”定量化配置分析

[目的]促进东江源区山地果畜结合系统的养分循环利用,控制生猪养殖和脐橙种植产生的面源污染。[方法]以江西省定南县龙塘镇杏林农庄"猪-沼-果-鱼"生态农业模式为研究对象,在分析畜禽养殖粪尿排泄量与利用量的基础上,针对果园"养猪-沼气-果树-养鱼"四位一体的物质循环和能量梯级利用运行模式,对"以种定养"进行了定量化分析。[结果]基于果树对养分N的需求,每公顷脐橙园可承载的生猪为40.8头,配套建设沼气池28.2 m3,每年可培养浮萍17 500.05 kg,鱼塘可套养草鱼383.55条;每公顷温柑园可承载的生猪为29.4头,配套建设沼气池20.25 m3,每年可培养浮萍12 622.95 kg,可套养草鱼276.6条。[结论]该研究结果为在东江源区推广种养结合模式时匹配"猪-沼-果-鱼"间的量化关系提供了重要的科学参考依据。     

高酸值米糠油酶法酯化脱酸研究

对脂肪酶Novozym 435催化高酸值米糠油酯化脱酸进行了研究.利用响应面分析法(RSM)优化脱酸条件.根据Box-Benhnken中心组合试验设计原理对试验条件进行优化,在分析各因素显著性及其交互作用的基础上,得出米糠油酯化脱酸最佳工艺参数为:酶质量分数1.1％、甘油添加量0.42 mg、温度56.4℃、反应时间23.2 h.实际测得脱酸后米糠油酸值(KOH)由56 mg/g降为5.04 mg/g,游离脂肪酸酯化率达到91％,与模型预测值基本相符.     

Chinese urban migrants' sense of place: Emotional attachment,identity formation,and place dependence in the city and community of Guangzhou

In this paper, we study urban migrants' sense of place in Guangzhou, China, focusing on the structural relations between place attachment, identification and dependence as the three key place dimensions. Through both quantitative structural equation modelling and qualitative analysis of in‐depth interviews data, our research suggests that migrants' sense of place demonstrates complex relationships between the three registers of emotional attachment, identity formation and functional dependence. The construction of sense of place is also related to the personal experiences of living as urban ‘outsiders’. Our research also reveals a striking difference between the city and community levels in terms of the ways in which migrants' sense of place is constructed. Urban migrants tend to exploit the functional utilities of microscopic urban spaces to meet their demands for recreation, education and socialisation. On the other hand, their sense of place to the city is largely compromised by their attachment to the hometown and conditioned by their personal identification to the city.     

黑河流域草地资源保护与建设

黑河流域除绿洲地区外有160万hm2的草地,进行草地分户、围栏封育、人工改良草地;牧户按地定畜、优化牧场、推广良种、改良畜群;按草定牧、实行休牧和轮牧;革新观念、子羔出栏、加速出栏周期、保障牧民增收等措施可保护草地资源,加速草地建设,繁荣牧区经济.     

The coefficient of dominance is not (always) estimable with biallelic markers

The genetic relationship among individuals at one locus is characterized by nine coefficients of identity. The coefficients of inbreeding, coancestry and dominance (or fraternity) are just linear functions of them. Here, it is shown how they can be estimated using biallelic and triallelic markers using the method of moments, and comparisons are made with other methods based on molecular coancestry or molecular covariance. It is concluded that in the general case of dominance and inbreeding with biallelic markers, only the coefficients of inbreeding and coancestry can be estimated, but neither the single coefficients of identity nor the coefficient of dominance can be estimated. More than two alleles are required for a full estimation as illustrated with the triallelic situation.     

CS02型干丝绵机的研究报告

针对普通干丝绵机台时产量低 ,锡林针滚两端被丝绵“抱轴” ,绵坯中未开松绵球较多等缺点 ,用提高锡林针滚和进料齿轮轴转速及设置手刹装置、机腔内设置导轨和毛刷等方法 ,进行了改进设计。这种新型干丝绵机的性能测试结果表明 :丝绵机锡林针滚线速度 2 3 4m/s,进料齿轮轴线速度 0 0 16 8m/s,单台生产率 7～ 7 5kg/h ,是国内同类机型台时产量的 2 2 6～ 2 34倍 ;锡林针滚在半圆形空间轨道中抓取精干绵 ,锡林针滚两端光轴微量缠绵 ;合理的芯皮等混合流导向腔体 ,使吸附在绵坯中未开松绵球≤ 10个 /m2 ;设有手刹装置 ,使大线速度的锡林针滚在2～ 3s内止动 ,提高了单位时间内的生产率。     

水分与氮素对南疆膜下滴灌棉花水分利用效率与蒸腾速率的影响

研究了不同滴水量(2 850、3 900、4 950 m3/hm2)与施氮量(0、180、270、360 N kg/hm2)条件下南疆膜下滴灌棉花蕾期、花铃期与盛铃期功能叶水分利用效率WUE与蒸腾速率E。结果表明,在蕾期、花铃期水分与氮素对棉花叶片水分利用效率WUE无显著影响;在盛铃期,WUE显著地受到水分的影响,施氮、施氮与水分的交互作用对WUE无显著影响。在盛铃期时,滴水量为4 950 m3/hm2时WUE显著高于滴水量为3900、2 850 m3/hm2时的WUE,后两者之间的WUE无显著差异。不同处理棉花叶片蒸腾速率E在蕾期均高于花铃期和盛铃期。在蕾期,水分与氮素对蒸腾速率无显著影响;在花铃期,水分对蒸腾速率E的影响达到了显著水平,最高滴水量处理的蒸腾速率也最高,而施氮、水分与施氮的交互作用对蒸腾速率E无显著影响。在盛铃期,最高滴水量4 950 m3/hm2条件下,蒸腾速率E显著地受到施氮的影响,施氮量最高时,其蒸腾速率也最高。南疆膜下滴灌棉花水分利用效率、蒸腾速率的大小与棉田冠层环境因子密切相关,其中,温度是最主要的影响因子。WUE与叶片温度、空气温度、空气饱和差、胞间CO2与空气CO2浓度比呈现出极显著的负相关关系,WUE与光合有效辐射PAR呈显著负相关关系,WUE与空气相对湿度、空气CO2浓度呈现出极显著的正相关关系。蒸腾速率与空气温度、叶片温度、光合有效辐射PAR呈现出极显著的正相关关系。蒸腾速率与空气CO2浓度、胞间CO2与空气CO2浓度比呈现出极显著的负相关关系。