不同颜色防虫网覆盖对小气候效应及青菜生长的影响

以绿色20目、银灰色22目防虫网和日本早生华京青菜品种为试材,采用立柱框架式网室栽培,研究了不同颜色防虫网覆盖对网室内温度、湿度、光照等小气候及华京青菜生长、产量的影响。试验结果表明,与露地相比,防虫网内相对空气湿度增加,晴天和阴天湿度增幅明显比雨天高;光照强度减弱,网色越深减幅越大;夏季覆盖绿色防虫网温度略有降低,秋季覆盖银灰色防虫网温度略有增加。覆盖防虫网后,绿色网内青菜出苗延迟,略有减产;银灰色网内青菜出苗提早,有显著的增产作用,且两者收获期均推迟,商品综合性能均强。     

Development and Build of Green Ecological Residential Guarter

This paper, from the perspective of green ecological construction, discusses the development tendency of green ecological residential quarter, analyses the cause, implication, characteristics and practical functions of green ecological residential quarter. And it proposes some suggestions of developing and constructing green ecological residential quarter with green design, wholesale afforestation, green building materials, energy saving and water saving, green lighting, classified garbage disposal and so on. The paper then raises some new suggestions about the programme and design of green ecological residential quarter.     

青菜纸形食品滚筒成形工艺的研究

概述了纸形食品滚筒成形的基本原理。应用试验设计技术、模糊优化技术确定了青菜纸形食品滚筒成形的工艺参数；分析了上料位置、滚筒加热温度及干燥时间对产品质量的影响。     

基于ANSYS的鸡毛菜收获机割台部分振动模态分析

为了进一步降低鸡毛菜有序收获机收获过程中对鸡毛菜造成的损失率及损失率,以割台部分为研究对象,采用有限元分析方法建立鸡毛菜有序收获机割台部分振动方程,通过求解割台部分振动方程对其受力和振动模态进行分析,得出鸡毛菜有序收获机割台部分振动系统的固有频率和主振型,并将求解得到的的6阶固有频率值与割台部分的直流无刷电机传递转速进行比较分析。仿真结果表明:鸡毛菜有序收获机割台在3阶、5阶和6阶模态的振动变形较大,且割台电机在额定转速范围内工作时并不会导致割台共振现象发生。研究分析结果不仅为鸡毛菜有序收获机割台部分动力传递过程中是否发生共振现象提供了理论依据,而且对机具割台部分相关参数的优化设计具有一定参考价值。     

基于ANSYS的鸡毛菜茎秆切割的有限元分析及验证试验

鸡毛菜切割部件是鸡毛菜有序收获过程中的关键部件,为了降低有序收获过程中的损失率和损伤率,提高收获效率,采用静态测量法,应用质构仪对鸡毛菜茎秆在压缩条件下的一系列力学特性参数进行测定分析,得到在压缩条件下鸡毛菜茎秆轴向弹性模量范围为3.15~3.91 MPa,径向弹性模量范围为20.24~20.99 MPa。结合试验所得鸡毛菜茎秆力学特性相关数值在有限元分析软件ANSYS中建立鸡毛菜茎秆材料库,再利用三维建模软件SolidWorks建立切割过程模型,将之导入ANSYS中进行显示动力学分析,并对有限元分析所得结果进行田间试验验证,对比结果显示：当割刀往复速度v大于0.40 m/s时,能有效完成对鸡毛菜茎秆的切断过程,且割茬整齐、断口平滑、无扯皮现象,分析结果为后续鸡毛菜切割部件的设计及参数优化提供理论依据。     

北方高尔夫球场果岭养护浅谈

随着高尔夫运动在我国的迅速发展,人们对高尔夫球场草坪的品质也越来越被关注,成为衡量一个高尔夫球场的首选条件,而高尔夫球场草坪的精髓在于果岭,果岭的造型、坪床结构和草坪质地决定着果岭的整体性能,果岭草坪质地取决于前期选种、种植和后期养护,果岭草坪的养护是高尔夫球场草坪养护工作的重中之重。从北方高尔夫球场果岭养护的具体措施来分析果岭养护的方式方法,从而使果岭不但能够具有打球的功能性,同时具有较高的观赏性和养护的可操作性。     

Analysis of Soil Chemical Properties of Sand-Based Turfgrass Rootzone using Fourier Transform–Infrared Spectroscopy

To evaluate diffuse reflectance Fourier transform–infrared (DRIFT) in near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) regions in conjunction with partial least square regression analysis for sand-based turfgrass soils, soil samples were collected from greens 6 to 9 years old, composed of two rootzone mixtures and from two establishment fertilization regimes, at different depths (surface to 7.6 cm in 12 layers). Mid-infrared and NIR spectroscopy resulted in similar calibration accuracy for total organic carbon, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, electric conductivity, and pH with R ² > 0.80. The modeling process for MIR spectrum was repeated on sample subsets, which were grouped from the original samples based on rootzone mixtures, putting green age, and depth to test the robustness of prediction models. Results of this study suggested that DRIFT-NIR and DRIFT-MIR could be used to predict these properties of sand-based turfgrass soils providing the soil samples are from similar depths.     

发酵蒜菜的研制

发酵蒜菜是由大蒜为主 ,配以多种蔬菜发酵而成。我们主要对制作工艺进地了研究并对其营养成分进行了测定 ,结果表明 :发酵蒜菜不但去除了蒜臭味 ,口感好、色泽好 ,而且营养成分含量丰富且保存率高 ,是一种很好的保刍食品 ,易于被大众所接受     

重金属与农药交互作用对青菜生长的影响

调节重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd复合污染红壤(投加浓度分别为:50,150,125和0.15 mg/kg)的pH在5.6左右,培养数月后盆栽青菜。在收获的前10 d喷施马拉硫磷和灭多威,研究重金属与农药交互作用对青菜生长的影响。结果表明,收获的青菜样品中,2种农药均无残留。青菜中可食部分的重金属含量主要取决于土壤中重金属含量,重金属Cu、Zn和Cd含量均在标准限量之内,但Pb含量超过标准限量值,主要是由于多种重金属的协同作用,活化了土壤中铅的生物有效性。在重金属与农药交互作用条件下,青菜生物量显著降低。主要是由于这两种农药在水解条件下产生了酸性物质,降低了土壤的pH值,提高了重金属的生物有效性,增强了重金属对青菜生长的抑制作用。     

Normal and Flush Irrigation Effects on Nitrogen Leaching from Simulated Golf Greens in the Greenhouse

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) can leach in porous golf greens, especially when they are flushed with high rates of irrigation. Drain water often discharges to the surface, possibly endangering surface waters with eutrophic concentrations of nitrogen. A greenhouse study was initiated to study the effects of fertilizer source and rate and irrigation schemes on leaching of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen. Simulated golf green columns were sodded with bermudagrass. Treatments were 3 fertilizer sources (20‐20‐20, ammonium nitrate, and a sulfur‐coated urea), 3 rates (zero control, 12, and 24 kg ha^?1), and 2 irrigation schemes. The first was a daily rate of 0.6 mm (N.I.), and the second was the same daily rate with several flushes of 11.5 cm each (FL). Essentially no nitrogen leached for the N.I. scheme, whereas the FL treatment resulted in significant leaching of nitrate‐N. Ammonium‐N leached to a much less extent than nitrate‐N. The nitrate‐N concentration “break through” occurred earlier, the peaks were higher, and the flushes were more prominent for 20‐20‐20 and ammonium nitrate than for the sulfur‐coated urea. The sulfur‐coated urea had a gradual nitrate‐N concentration peak that tapered off slowly. The percent N leached of that applied was higher for the flushes, and all sources were the same for flushes and the high N rate (about 20%). At the low N rate and flushes, the percent leached was highest for ammonium nitrate (10.2%), 20‐20‐20 was intermediate (4.3%), and sulfur‐coated urea was the lowest (0.14%). These data show that fertilizer sources and rates can make a difference in nitrate‐nitrogen leaching but only when significant leaching is taking place as with flushing.