树苗自动嫁接机砧木切削机构研究

使用树苗自动化嫁接机能实现优质苗木的快速繁育,砧木切削机构是其重要子系统,为实现树苗嫁接砧木自动化切削,通过对树苗自动化嫁接技术要求的分析,采用劈接的嫁接方法,设计了能实现自动对中、定位、固定、切削、退刀的用于树苗自动嫁接机的砧木切削机构,分析了该机构的工作流程,确定了砧木切刀形状尺寸参数、撑砧块和压砧块的形状尺寸参数以及各部分位置关系尺寸参数,经过样机试验表明,该机构在树苗自动嫁接机系统中运行稳定.     

Improving survival of inter-generic grafts of nematode-susceptible watermelon cultivars and nematode-resistant Cucumis species

Abstract

Inter-generic grafting of highly nematode susceptible watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars onto nematode-resistant wild watermelon (Cucumis africanus) and wild cucumber (Cucumis myricoarpus) had on average 36% graft survival ratios, which was attributed to unequal stem diameters at the graft union. Cucumis species had smaller stem diameters at the graft union, whereas Citrullus had bigger ones. The objective of the study was to improve inter-generic graft compatibility of Citrullus and Cucumis through optimizing the sizes of stem diameters during grafting. Cucumis species were raised in a 160-hole seedling tray and primed seeds of Citrullus were raised in a 200-hole seedling tray seven days after emergence of Cucumis in order to reduce the stem diameters. At grafting, stem diameter ratios in various treatments were equal to one, whereas at 66 days after grafting the ratios were grater than one, with the exception of those of intact plants. Survival of grafts from grafting to 66 days after grafting was 100%, translating into relative improvement of 186%. Improved survival of grafts would invariably promote the potential uses of inter-generic grafting among wild and cultivated watermelon in management of soil-borne pathogens.     

核桃高枝嫁接及栽培管理技术研究

文章介绍了核桃高枝嫁接是投资小、见效快、收益大、收益长,是改造低产劣质核桃树的有效途径。对此,文章提出了核桃栽培管理技术。     

Inhibition of orthotropic replacement shoots with auxin treatment on decapitated hoop pine,Araucaria cunninghamii,for seed orchard management

Seed production in orchards of Araucaria cunninghamii involves grafting plagiotropic scions (using a terminal-side graft) which exhibit a lateral growth habit onto decapitated stock trees. Decapitation effectively releases buds in the leaf axils of the stock plant from apical dominance and orthotropic replacement shoots develop rapidly. To prevent suppression of the grafted scion, frequent removal of orthotropic shoots is necessary. The trial application of several plant auxins at different concentrations to decapitated stock plants identified a suitable technique to simulate apical dominance and temporarily suppress the production of replacement shoots. The synthetic auxin IBA most effectively controlled the production and growth rate of replacement shoots with the least amount of damage to the treated tissues. Auxin application apparently enhanced the growth of lateral branches in the whorl immediately below the treated stem, suggesting that grafted scions would not be adversely affected by auxin treatment. Routine application of auxin to plagiotropic grafts will reduce maintenance costs in seed orchards and clone banks of A. cunninghamii.     

2JX-M系列蔬菜嫁接切削器作业试验

为了了解蔬菜嫁接切削器作业性能和为其生产应用提供技术指导,将2JX-M系列蔬菜嫁接切削器作业与人工作业进行了单环节作业和系统嫁接作业的对比试验。试验结果表明,在保证嫁接成功率大于90%的情况下,2JC-M型瓜类斜插法切削器嫁接作业生产率可达1100株/h,人均作业生产率是人工作业的1.64倍;2JP-M型茄类贴接法切削器嫁接作业生产率可达640株/h,人均作业生产率是人工作业的2.90倍。采用切削器嫁接作业与人工作业相比,可以提高作业生产率和作业质量,减小嫁接作业者嫁接熟练程度、作业疲劳和作业速度对嫁接成功率的影响。该研究为切削器的合理应用提供依据。     

斜插式嫁接机砧木子叶气吸夹结构及作业参数优化试验

针对目前插接式瓜类自动嫁接机作业过程中,砧木夹持采用的压苗机构,普遍存在机构复杂、机构动作耗时影响作业生产率等问题,开发了一种砧木子叶气吸夹。该文以瓜类嫁接生产中常用的黑籽南瓜砧木标准苗和黄瓜接穗标准苗为作业对象,通过砧木子叶展平特性测定和气吸夹结构与作业参数优化试验研究,确定了气吸夹的优化结构与作业参数,并在2JC-600B型斜插嫁接机上进行了带压苗机构砧木夹与砧木子叶气吸夹性能对比试验。结果表明:在气源工作压力0.25 MPa、吸孔直径4 mm、吸孔距生长点距离30 mm时,气吸夹展平子叶成功率可达100%;与压苗机构砧木夹相比,采用气吸夹可减轻操作者熟练程度对嫁接机作业性能的影响,提高子叶展平成功率和嫁接成功率,对于熟练操作者,在满足嫁接作业质量要求的情况下可减少砧木上苗作业时间1 s,使嫁接生产率由514株/h增至600株/h,提高16.7%。该研究结果可为斜插式嫁接机的开发设计提供参考。     

板栗嫁接方法研究

春秋季节用４种嫁接方法进行板栗嫁接对比试验。结果表明：贴枝接适期从９月中旬到１０月下旬，长达４０ｄ以上。春季以挖骨皮接较好。这两种方法平均嫁接成活率远达９０５以上。夏季采用截顶留叶切枝接，嫁接成活率均达９０％以上。嫁接适期为７月上旬到８月上旬。     

Intimal Hyperplasia in Autogenous Vein Grafting

Vascular bypass grafting with autogenous vein is a frequent and important surgical procedure to cure vascular diseases and better promote blood supply in the clinical medicine. But the intimal hyperplasia(IH) has been one of the major cause of the graft late failure, especially for the middle and small artery. The pathology of IH is brief introduced. The Etiology of IH is discussed from the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, growth factor, hemodynamics and autologous vein itself. Prevention and cure of IH also are proposed.     

The use of preserved equine renal capsule to repair lamellar corneal lesions in normal dogs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of equine renal capsule preserved in 98% glycerine to repair lamellar corneal lesions in normal dogs. For this purpose, 12 dogs, divided into six groups ( n  = 2), were used to evaluate the 1st to 7th day, 15th day and 30th to 60th postoperative day. In order to perform the histologic study, the clinical procedures were analyzed, while the recipient's corneas were collected. The photophobia and blepharospasm also were more intense in the 1st to 7th postoperative day, and regressed in the 15th postoperative day. Therefore, the edema and the vascular events were both more frequent in the intermediary phases and regressed in the late periods. On the other hand, the morphological evaluation demonstrated an inflamatory exudate, also in the intermediary and late periods. These results suggested that the equine renal preserved capsule could be a useful alternative tissue to repair lamellar corneal lesions in dogs.