放牧水牛牧食量与胃肠道消化代谢的关系

本实验选用江苏省东台县种畜场9头成年母海仔水牛,于1984年5月至9月在草滩牧场进行了春、秋两期实验。秋季放牧期瘤胃内乙酸/丙酸(A/P)比值和pH值均显著高于春季放牧期;TVFA浓度和可消化干物质采食量也稍高于春季,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。放牧水牛瘤胃中TVFA变化较平稳,与采食量关系不甚明显。春季放牧期采食量和食糜排出速率均显著低于秋季;而表观消化率则显著高于秋季。春季放牧期采食量(Y),表观消化率(X_2)和食糜排出速率(X_1)三项指标两两之间均呈正相关,复回归方程为:Y=-10.48+0.2216X_1+0.1615X_2(r=0.70,P<0.05);秋季放牧期采食量与食糜排出速率呈正相关,但分别与消化率呈负相关,三者的复回归方程为:Y=-4.66+0.5239X_1+0.4662X_2(r=0.88,P<0.01)。本实验中放牧水牛的采食行为虽然受到选择性牧食、草生状态和放牧距离等外界因素的影响,但牧食量受食糜排出率和表观消化率的共同调节。     

Endotoxin in the conscious piglet: Its effects on some general and gastrointestinal myoelectrical parameters

The effect of an intravenous bolus injection of endotoxin, 0.1, 1 or 10 g/kg, on rectal temperature, clinical appearance, haematological parameters, and on gastrointestinal electrical activity was examined in 11 conscious piglets of 4–5 weeks of age, with implanted electrodes in the antrum pylori, duodenum, jejunum and ileum. All doses resulted in a significant and dose-dependent increase in rectal temperature, in pronounced clinical signs and in distinct changes in haematological values. These included shivering, depression, respiratory distress, a leukopenia (0.1 g/kg) or a leukocytosis (1 g/kg) with a shift to the left, an accelerated sedimentation rate and a decreased packed cell volume. Doses of 1 and 10 g/kg induced a transient inhibition of gastroduodenal electrical activity. These results suggest that, in the piglet, endotoxin primarily manifests general clinical signs and that the gastrointestinal effects coincide with these.     

斑点叉尾胃肠道嗜银细胞的分布密度及形态学观察

用改良的龙桂开浸银法对斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus)胃肠道嗜银细胞的总数及形态学特征进行了观察。结果显示嗜银细胞在胃至肠道各段均有分布,分布密度呈波浪形,即胃体部最高,中肠其次,胃幽门部最低。嗜银细胞在胃贲门部和中肠常成群分布,大多数嗜银细胞呈棒状、梭形、三角形和蝌蚪形等,胃部和后肠中偶见呈圆形的细胞。对结果进行分析表明,斑点叉尾胃肠道嗜银细胞主要行使外分泌功能,其数目和形态特征可能与其食性、消化特性有关。