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1.
E. Navrozidis T. Thomidis T. Sipouridis I. Xatzicharisis I. Fotiadis D. Servis 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(2):149-153
The effectiveness of the pheromone-based communication disruption method was examined against the summerfruit tortrix,Adoxophyes orana F.v.R. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a pest of peach trees, using the new RAK 3+4 dispenser (BASF). NoA. orana males were captured in pheromone traps inside the experimental orchards, which were saturated with the RAK 3+4 dispensers.
The percent of damaged leaves was practically zero, while the level of damaged fruits was 0–6% in pheromone-treated orchards.
The percentage of fruit rot caused byMonilinia laxa was lower in pheromone-based communication disruption orchards than in the control. It was concluded that the RAK 3+4 dispenser
could be used againstA. orana as an economical and environmentally friendly method. 相似文献
2.
Kim M. Plummer Sarah J. Clark Lana M. Ellis Ashwini Loganathan Taha H. Al-Samarrai Erik H.A. Rikkerink Patrick A. Sullivan Matthew D. Templeton Peter C. Farley 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(3):265-274
Peptidases have been implicated in the pathogenicity of fungi that cause disease in plants. Expression of the secreted aspartic peptidase gene (gcsap), of a Glomerella cingulata isolate pathogenic on apples, is induced during appressorium formation. To determine whether the secreted aspartic peptidase (GcSAP) is essential to pathogenicity, gcsap was disrupted using a vector containing a 637 bp fragment of genomic DNA that encodes the sequence spanning the two active site aspartic acid (Asp) residues. To ensure that the truncated gcsap gene products could not have residual peptidase activity the codons for the active site residues Asp112 and Asp297 were both mutated to histidine residues. Both PCR and Southern analysis confirmed disruption of gcsap. Neither gcsap mRNA nor GcSAP activity was detected in the disruption mutant. Pathogenicity tests on fruit from three apple cultivars showed that GcSAP was not required for pathogenicity. The disruption mutant grew on medium containing protein as the sole source of nitrogen because G. cingulata secretes a previously undetected peptidase(s). A serine peptidase that had a pH optimum between pH 7.0 and 8.0 and a K
m of 0.25 mM for the synthetic substrate succinyl-Ala–Ala–Pro–Phe-p-nitroanilide was identified. 相似文献
3.
胡大浚 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(3):31-36
研究市场需求和生产成本同时扰动时非线性需求供应链的最优应对策略.首先在稳定条件下提出供应链的收益共享协调合约;生产成本和需求扰动会导致原有的收益共享合约不再协调,提出了供应链在一体化决策时应对双因素同时发生扰动的最优策略;进一步提出了改进的收益共享合约协调分散化决策的供应链系统.最后运用数值实验对模型进行了验证. 相似文献
4.
Abeysinghe Mudiyanselage Prabodha Sammani Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Saman Kumara Dissanayaka Leanage Kanaka Wolly Wijayaratne William Robert Morrison III 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2020,20(6)
The almond moth Cadra cautella (Walker), a key pest of storage facilities, is difficult to manage using synthetic chemicals. Pheromone-based management methods remain a high priority due to advantages over conventional management practices, which typically use insecticides. Cadra cautella females release a blend of pheromone including (Z, E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZETA) and (Z)-9-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (ZTA). The effect of these components on mating of C. cautella and how response varies with the population density and sex ratio remain unknown. In this study, the mating status of C. cautella was studied inside mating cages under different ratios of ZETA and ZTA diluted in hexane and at different population sizes either with equal or unequal sex ratio. The lowest percentage of mated females (highest mating disruption [MD] effects), corresponding to roughly 12.5%, was produced by a 5:1 and 3.3:1 ratio of ZETA:ZTA. Populations with equal sex ratio showed the lowest percentage of mated females, at 20% and 12.5% under lower and higher density, respectively. The next lowest percentage of mated females was produced when the sex ratio was set to 1: 2 and 2:1 male:female, with just 25% and 22.5% of moths mated, respectively. This study shows that mating status of C. cautella is influenced by ZETA:ZTA ratio, sex ratio, and population size. This current knowledge would have useful implications for mating disruption programs. 相似文献
5.
Farid Menaa P. A. U. I. Wijesinghe Gobika Thiripuranathar Bushra Uzair Haroon Iqbal Barkat Ali Khan Bouzid Menaa 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)
Seaweeds are broadly distributed and represent an important source of secondary metabolites (e.g., halogenated compounds, polyphenols) eliciting various pharmacological activities and playing a relevant ecological role in the anti-epibiosis. Importantly, host (as known as basibiont such as algae)–microbe (as known as epibiont such as bacteria) interaction (as known as halobiont) is a driving force for coevolution in the marine environment. Nevertheless, halobionts may be fundamental (harmless) or detrimental (harmful) to the functioning of the host. In addition to biotic factors, abiotic factors (e.g., pH, salinity, temperature, nutrients) regulate halobionts. Spatiotemporal and functional exploration of such dynamic interactions appear crucial. Indeed, environmental stress in a constantly changing ocean may disturb complex mutualistic relations, through mechanisms involving host chemical defense strategies (e.g., secretion of secondary metabolites and antifouling chemicals by quorum sensing). It is worth mentioning that many of bioactive compounds, such as terpenoids, previously attributed to macroalgae are in fact produced or metabolized by their associated microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites). Eventually, recent metagenomics analyses suggest that microbes may have acquired seaweed associated genes because of increased seaweed in diets. This article retrospectively reviews pertinent studies on the spatiotemporal and functional seaweed-associated microbiota interactions which can lead to the production of bioactive compounds with high antifouling, theranostic, and biotechnological potential. 相似文献
6.
Jeleel O. Agboola Emma Teuling Peter A. Wierenga Harry Gruppen Johan W. Schrama 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(4):783-797
The rigid cell walls of microalgae may hinder their utilization in fish feeds. The current experiment assessed the correlation between the accessibility of microalgae nutrients and their in vivo digestibility in African catfish. Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass was subjected to physical or mechanical treatments to weaken its cell wall; untreated—no disruption treatment (UNT), pasteurization (PAS), freezing (FRO), freeze‐drying (FRD), cold pasteurization (L40) and bead milling (BEM). Six experimental diets formulated from differently treated and untreated microalgae (at 30% diet inclusion level) were tested on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility (ADCs) in juvenile African catfish. A basal diet (REF) containing no microalgae was used as reference diet. Results showed that biomass gain and feed conversion ratio of fish fed L40 and BEM diets increased by 13% and 11%, respectively, relative to the UNT diet. Additionally, FRD, FRO, L40 and BEM cell wall disruption treatments improved protein digestibility by 0.5%, 5.9%, 8.4% and 16.3%, respectively, compared to the UNT treatment. There was a positive correlation between accessibility of microalgal nutrients and their digestibility in African catfish. Nutrient digestibility of microalgae was dependent on extent of cell disruption. Also, the impact of cell disruption on nutrient digestibility of microalgae differs between African catfish and Nile tilapia. 相似文献
7.
根据黄单胞菌hisF基因的同源性设计简并引物,采用PCR方法从水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,Xoo)中克隆了hisF同源基因,命名为hisFXoo.NCBI网站蛋白质保守结构域搜索表明,HisFXoo属于组氨酸生物合成蛋白家族的一员,具有与其他HisF蛋白相似的结构.序列比较显示,该基因在黄单胞菌中是相对保守的.同源性搜索比较显示,与水稻条斑病菌(Xoryzae pv.oryzicola,Xooc)的hisF(登录号:DQ372107)同源性高达98%.通过同源重组的方法,构建了hisFXoo的插入突变体,在NA+Amp平板上筛选后,并且经过PCR及Southern杂交验证插入正确.在MMX基本培养基中生长测定发现,hisF突变体生长能力明显下降,证明hisF基因与Xoo生长代谢相关.但是,该突变体仍具有致病性,并且毒力与野生型菌株没有明显差异. 相似文献
8.
Ultrasonographic examination is an essential diagnostic tool that complements radiographic examination in the diagnostic work-up of injury to the tuber calcanei area. Using a plantar approach, the superficial digital flexor tendon, gastrocnemius tendon, the bone surfaces of the two lobes of the tuber calcanei and the gastrocnemius bursa and the calcaneal bursa of the superficial digital flexor tendon (if distended) can be accurately assessed. Using a collateral approach, the tenocalcaneal ligaments of the superficial digital flexor tendon and the branches of the calcaneal tendon of the caudal femoral muscles can be imaged. This paper describes the normal anatomy of the tuber calcanei area and presents the complete ultrasonographic procedure and normal ultrasonographic images of this region. 相似文献
9.
试验旨在探讨硫化氢供体硫氢化钠改善疲劳状态下肌力减退的作用。采用脉冲式电流直接刺激腓肠肌作为疲劳模型,对比硫氢化钠和任氏液分别对蟾蜍腓肠肌疲劳的影响。结果表明,硫氢化钠在浓度为5×10-4、1×10-3、2×10-3 mol/L时,离体腓肠肌达到最大收缩幅度90%、50%和10%的时间极显著长于在任氏液作用下的离体腓肠肌(P<0.01);5.6 mg/kg硫氢化钠也极显著延长了在体腓肠肌达到最大收缩幅度90%、50%和10%的时间(P <0.01)。表明外源性硫化氢具有延缓肌肉疲劳的作用。 相似文献
10.
We studied the effects of aggregates of different sizes on the soil microbial biomass. The distribution of aggregate size classes (<2, 2–4, 4–10, >10 mm) in the upper mineral soil horizon (Ah layer) was very different in three sites (upper, intermediate, lower) in a beechwood (Fagus sylvatica) on a basalt hill (Germany). Aggregates of different sizes (<2, 2–4, 4–10 mm) contained different amounts of C and N but the C:N ratios were similar. C and N contents were generally higher in smaller aggregates. The maximum initial respiratory response by microorganisms in intact aggregates and in aggregates passed through a 1-mm sieve declined with the aggregate size, but the difference was more pronounced in intact aggregates. Disruption of aggregates generally increased this response, particularly in 4- to 10-mm aggregates in the lower site. Basal respiration differed strongly among sites, but was similar in each of the aggregate size classes. Aggregate size did not significantly affect the specific respiration (g O2 g–1 microbial C h–1) nor the microbial: organic C ratio, but these parameters differed among sites. Microbial growth was increased strongly by passing the soil through a 1-mm sieve in each of the aggregate materials. The growth of microorganisms in disrupted aggregates was similar, and the effect of aggregate disruption depended on the growth of microorganisms in intact aggregates. 相似文献