ERP系统中设备维修计划的研究

在制造企业设备的使用过程中,设备维修计划成了各种设备管理系统所公认的管理重点,这就更需要设备维修活动在企业内部能形成一个有计划、有步骤的活动。为此,简要介绍了作为ERP管理系统中的子系统一设备管理系统的主要目标,着重讨论了设备管理系统的管理重点一维修计划新思想的形成以及制定维修计划的步骤。     

Closing the compliance gap in marine protected areas with human behavioural sciences

Advocates, practitioners and policy-makers continue to use and advocate for marine protected areas (MPAs) to meet global ocean protection targets. Yet many of the worlds MPAs, and especially no-take MPAs, are plagued by poaching and ineffective governance. Using a global dataset on coral reefs as an example, we quantify the potential ecological gains of governing MPAs to increase compliance, which we call the ‘compliance gap’. Using ecological simulations based on model posteriors of joint Bayesian hierarchical models, we demonstrate how increased compliance in no-take MPAs could nearly double target fish biomass (91% increases in median fish biomass), and result in a 292% higher likelihood of encountering top predators. Achieving these gains and closing the compliance gap necessitates a substantial shift in approach and practice to go beyond optimizing enforcement, and towards governing for compliance. This will require engaging and integrating a broad suite of actors, principles, and practices across three key domains: (i)) harnessing social influence, (ii) integrating equity principles, and (iii) aligning incentives through market-based instruments. Empowering and shaping communication between actor groups (e.g., between fishers, practitioners, and policy-makers) using theoretically underpinned approaches from the behavioural sciences is one of the most essential, but often underserved aspects of governing MPAs. We therefore close by highlighting how this cross-cutting tool could be further integrated in governance to bolster high levels of compliance in MPAs.     

How to communicate soil expertise more effectively in the information age when aiming at the UN Sustainable Development Goals

Soil use and management play a key role, when maintaining or restoring soil quality, as an estimated 30% of soils in the world suffer from various forms of degradation. Several of the seventeen UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), approved in 2015 by 195 governments, are land‐related, providing a stimulating challenge for soil research. Unfortunately, soil degradation is still prominent, even though decades of research have resulted in restorative and innovative forms of soil management, generating successful case studies all over the world. Why don't enough farmers adopt such research results? Some argue that the problem of soil degradation is mainly socio‐economic rather than technical. However, this is not correct as the soil–water–plant–climate system raises many basic, unresolved questions about soil behaviour. More attention is needed for information sharing and knowledge building to link the research arena with stakeholders and policy makers. This is particularly urgent because the information revolution, which is fundamentally changing attitudes of increasingly critical stakeholders, presents a challenge to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information on Internet and social media. Continuous interaction with land users in the field and sharing knowledge in a joint‐learning mode is needed more than ever, recognizing that different forms of knowledge can contribute to acceptance in the practice of land‐use innovations and lead to realization of land‐related SDGs. Such forms of interaction take much time, which is of limited availability in current research regimes, and implies a need for change. Soil scientists need assistance from communication experts to facilitate interaction processes.     

现代框架式木结构住宅

介绍了框架式木结构的特点、框架式木结构住宅的建造过程, 同时提出了框架式木结构住宅在防火、防潮、防腐和防蚁方面的技术处理措施, 分析了框架式木结构住宅的发展优势。     

How Wildlife Management Agencies and Hunting Organizations Frame Ethical Hunting in the United States

Given that many wildlife management agencies consider hunting to be central to wildlife conservation, a growing body of research describes ethical hunting using characterization framing (created by outsiders). This article describes an identity frame (created by insiders) of ethical hunting in the United States, based on analysis of hunter education manuals and official statements of hunting nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Similar themes permeated texts from both sources (e.g., obeying law, fair chase). NGOs, however, placed significantly more emphasis on being skilled (15% vs. 6%) and being motivated by experiencing nature (10% vs. 2%), whereas government agencies placed significantly more emphasis on respecting landowners (28% vs. 15%). Agencies may frame ethical hunting as more socially interdependent and rule abiding because they perceive a need to prioritize government authority (law) and property owner interests. These findings highlight a need for identity frames focusing on how hunting impacts biodiversity and humane treatment of animals.     

A Framing Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of Genetically Modified Crops in Kenya

There was much public debate in Kenya about genetically modified (GM) crops when the national Biosafety Bill went through the parliamentary process toward enactment into law. This study analyzed how GM crops were framed in three mainstream Kenyan newspapers—the Daily Nation, The Standard, and Taifa Leo—during the period. The agriculture frame was predominant in the Daily Nation and The Standard, while the safety and regulation frames dominated coverage in Taifa Leo. Only 34.7% of articles were neutral in tone. Scientists and government officials, who generally spoke in favor of GM crops, were the most frequently quoted sources. Recommendations to improve the quality of coverage include training of journalists to ensure objective and balanced reporting.     

ArcGIS在林业标准分幅图编制中的应用

介绍林业标准分幅图基本概念、制作方法现状,及基于ArcGIS10的制作流程。以新平县1：25000标准分幅林地利用现状图为例,阐述了其制作方法及步骤。认为利用ArcGIS10提供的驱动页面制图功能完成分幅,不需安装专门的插件,可实现标准分幅成果图的快速批量编制。     

创新型农产品的产品特质对消费者支付意愿的影响——以作物营养强化大米为例

作物营养强化农产品作为一种创新型农产品,能够有效解决因微量营养素缺乏而带来的"隐性饥饿"(Hidden Hunger)问题。提高消费者支付意愿是推广作物营养强化农产品的关键环节。基于作物营养强化农产品的颜色特征和营养素类型的视角,建立消费者选择模型,运用准实验法,探讨颜色的改变和营养素类型对消费者支付意愿的影响。结果表明,颜色的改变会减少消费者对作物营养强化大米的支付意愿,消费者对促进型营养素强化大米的支付意愿显著高于预防型作物营养素强化大米。消费者的感知风险在颜色影响支付意愿的过程中起中介作用,感知收益在营养素类型对支付意愿的影响过程中起中介作用。基于此,为了让创新型农产品的推广产生更好的效果,建议开发过程中,赋予产品的特征要以消费者为导向;推广和宣传过程中,要基于消费者的认知规律,进行针对性的产品沟通;要防范消费者食品感知风险的泛化对创新型农产品的负面外溢。     

Communicating complex marine science: Does media format matter?

1. Considering the deteriorated state of the ocean, maximizing the impact of scientists' media communication is essential for gaining public interest in, and support for, marine conservation initiatives. Unlike conventional news, that involves journalists' interpretation, the media Q&A offers scientists a way to convey insights on complex marine ecosystem issues in their own words. However, the Q&A approach for communicating marine science and conservation issues has not been empirically examined for format-related differences in impact.
2. The modality theory in multimedia learning suggests that information is more effective for accelerating learning and retention when visuals are combined with narrated words, than when combined with written text. This study compared the effects of identically framed information presented in two different media Q&A formats: narrated multimedia (a video on YouTube) and written text with photos (designed to resemble an online mainstream news article). In both formats, a marine scientist explained the complex phenomenon of marine ecosystem tipping points.
3. In an online experiment, 116 respondents were randomly assigned to either view the video or read the article. Effects on knowledge, awareness, and motivation were tested for format-related differences. Data related to time spent on the interventions were used to test the effects of attention retention on awareness and motivation gains. Additionally, the study gauged participants' assessment about the effectiveness of the communication features and framings used and suggestions for enhancing communication effectiveness.
4. Findings showed positive effects on knowledge, awareness, and motivation irrespective of media format, suggesting that other communication aspects such as the messengers, the scientist's communication style, educative content, and message frames probably contributed to impact. Findings also suggest that multimedia formats, which tend to be more costly, may not necessarily be more effective.