木材断口分形的初步研究

木材是一种天然的多孔性生物高分子材料,结构复杂且变异性大,所以木材断裂表面定量分析的难度很高,对于木材内部裂纹产生、发展的研究一直没有大的突破.在木材断裂力学的研究中,国内外科学家运用传统的断裂试验方法研究居多,但普遍结论是规律不明显或找不到规律(费本华,1999).木材研究者们一直在寻找一种定量描述木材断裂表面形态的新指标,并希望在此基础上预测木材强度和了解木材断裂机制(Schmitt et al.,1996;Qin et al.,1999).     

THE MIXED MODE FRACTURE CRITERION OF BRITTLE ROCK UNDER COMPRESSION-SHEAR STRESS STATE

In this paper the test results of mixed mode fracture of three kinds of brittle rock under two kinds of stress paths are reported. The fracture mechanism and failure patterns of brittle lock under different stress paths are discussed. Theory analysis and test results show that the Compression- Shear fracture criterion of brittle rock can be expressed:     

考虑损伤时材料的断裂应力

工程结构的损伤分析、寿命预测及材料细观损伤机理与材料的强韧化研究，具有十分重要的工程意义，并具有广阔的发展前景。本文研究考虑损伤时材料的断裂应力，推导出了在表面能密度有限的情况下，损伤断裂应力的计算公式。     

A STUDY ON FRACTURE MECHANICS OF BRITTLE MATERIAL WITH PER-CRACKS

In this paper the fracture process of specimen,with single crack, double cracks and triple cracks is observed and analysed. The experimental results show that the fracture process of specimen is different because of the differention of the number, the distance and the type of array of cracks. And the fracture propagation of specimen with triple cracks and double cracks is foundmentally the same.     

Z-形钛合金钢板前路内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效观察

目的观察Z-形钛合金钢板前路内固度定术对胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者的临床疗效。方法对60例胸腰段脊柱爆裂性骨折患者进行前方减压、椎体间植骨、Z-形钛钢板内固定,术后卧床3周,3周后戴支架起床活动。结果随访平均12.5个月,术后CT或MR显示椎管内压迫去除,植骨愈合。脊柱后凸Cobb角较术前改善12.7°,无继发脊柱后凸畸形。神经功能较术前有1~2级以上的改善。结论Z-形钛合金钢板前路内固定术对胸腰椎爆裂性骨折减压彻底,固定牢固,不破坏后稳定结构,并能一期重建脊柱系列。     

疲劳/蠕变交互作用下竹木复合层合板断裂损伤研究

该文研究了在疲劳/蠕变交互作用下竹木复合层合板的断裂损伤行为.结果表明,在交变载荷最大值为竹木复合层合板破坏载荷的75%时,其疲劳/蠕变断裂曲线为三段式曲线;在交变载荷最大值为破坏载荷的55%时,6h内其疲劳/蠕变曲线为两段式曲线.随着蠕变时间的增加,层合板的断裂寿命降低.在交变载荷最大值为破坏载荷的75%时,蠕变时间为300s时,层合板的疲劳/蠕变负交互损伤程度大于蠕变时间为180s的.疲劳/蠕变交互作用下层合板的破坏形式主要为纤维撕裂、界面剪切破坏和层间开裂3种形式的综合表现.     

Treatment of contaminated radial fracture in Sprague-Dawley rats by application of a degradable polymer releasing gentamicin

Fracture-related infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to establish a simple contaminated radial osteotomy model to assess the efficacy of a biodegradable polymer poly(sebacic-co-ricinoleic acid) [p(SA-RA)] containing 20% w/w gentamicin. A unilateral transverse osteotomy was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, followed by application of Staphylococcus aureus suspension over the fracture. After successfully establishing the contaminated open fracture model, we treated the rats either systemically (intraperitoneal cefuroxime), locally with p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin, or both. Control groups included non-contaminated group and contaminated groups that were either untreated or treated with the polymer alone. After 4 weeks, the bones were subjected to micro-CT scanning and microbiological and histopathology evaluations. Micro-CT analysis revealed similar changes in the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment as in the non-contaminated control group. Lack of detectable bacterial growth was noted in most animals of the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment, and all samples were negative for S. aureus. Histopathological evaluation revealed that all treatment modalities containing antibiotics were highly effective in reducing infection and promoting callus repair, resulting in early bone healing. While p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin treatment showed better results than cefuroxime, the combination of local and systemic treatment displayed the highest therapeutic potential in this model.     

Clinical findings associated with chronic ischial fracture in a gelding

An 8-year-old show-jumper gelding was referred for examination as a result of a purchase dispute for reported back pain. Clinical examination identified back pain and atrophy of the left semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles, but no lameness. Standing pelvic radiography demonstrated a chronic nonunion fracture of the left ischium, the clinical significance of which was uncertain. The apparent back pain was thought to be probably unrelated to the pelvic lesion. We conclude that chronic ischial fracture in the horse can lead to specific atrophy of the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles, which originate from this bone.     

FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL PHALANX AND ASSOCIATED SOFT TISSUE AND OSSEOUS ABNORMALITIES IN 22 HORSES WITH OSSIFIED SCLEROTIC UNGUAL CARTILAGES DIAGNOSED WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

Ungual cartilage ossification in the forelimb is a common finding in horses. Subtle abnormalities associated with the ungual cartilages can be difficult to identify on radiographs. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of 22 horses (23 forelimbs) with a fracture of the distal phalanx and ossified ungual cartilage were characterized and graded. All horses had a forelimb fracture. Eleven involved a left forelimb (seven medial; four lateral), and 12 involved a right forelimb (five medial; seven lateral). All fractures were nonarticular, simple in configuration, and nondisplaced. The fractures were oriented in an axial proximal to abaxial distal and palmar to dorsal direction, and extended from the base of the ossified ungual cartilage into the distal phalanx. The fracture involved the fossa of the collateral ligament on the distal phalanx in 17 of 23 limbs. The palmar process and ossified ungual cartilage was abnormally mineralized in all horses. Ligaments and soft tissues adjacent to the ossified ungual cartilages were affected in all horses. The routine site of fracture in this study at the base of the ossified ungual cartilage extending into the distal phalanx suggests a biomechanical cause or focal stress point from cycling. The ligamentous structures associated with the ungual cartilages were often affected, showed altered signal intensity as well as enlargement and were thought to be contributing to the lameness. In conclusion, ossified ungual cartilages may lead to fracture of the palmar process of the distal phalanx and injury of the ungual cartilage ligaments.