Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fructooligosaccharides on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus) during Early Growth Period北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during early growth period. Sixty male post-litter Arctic foxes with the average body weight of (1.16±0.15) kg and at the age of (45±3) days were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 5 foxes per replicate. The foxes were fed the following diets, respectively: basal diet (control group), basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB (LAB group), basal diet+5 g / kg FOS (FOS group) and basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB+5 g / kg FOS (LAB+FOS group). The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed as follows: 1) on the days 1 to 15, the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB group and LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05). On the days 16 to 30, the average daily gain of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); compared with the FOS group, the feed to gain ratio of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) The dry matter digestibility of foxes in the LAB + FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen, urine nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, net protein utilization and protein biological value among all groups (P>0.05). 3) Serum total protein (TP) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with control group and LAB group (P>0.05). Serum albumin (ALB) content of foxes in the LAB group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB+ FOS group (P>0.05). Serum urea nitrogen (UN) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0. 05). In conclusion, the combined supplementation of 3 × 109 CFU / kg LAB and 5 g / kg FOS in the diet is beneficial to reduce diarrhea rate, improve dry matter digestibility, improve body immune level, and promote the growth of Arctic foxes during early growth period. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Urology. All rights reserved.     

多架次作业植保无人机最小能耗航迹规划算法研究

利用栅格法对工作区域进行划分,快速得到往复遍历式植保无人机的作业路径,在以作业架次数最少为约束条件的情况下,研究了一种多架次返航路线规划算法,合理地分配了各架次的喷药量和返航点,使无人机的工作总能耗最小,降低了无人机在非作业情况下无效消耗能量,提高了作业效率。仿真结果表明,在同等作业条件下,在一块210 m×200 m的矩形作业区域,采用本算法进行航迹规划,相比于仅以药液耗尽为返航依据的航迹规划,能耗节省率达到了12.89%,而且作业面积越大,能量节省效果越明显,通过田间对比试验,进一步证明了算法的可行性。     

植保无人机动态变量施药系统设计与试验

针对我国植保无人机施药系统控制方式单一,施药流量无法根据飞行参数自动调整造成的雾滴分布不均匀、重喷、漏喷等问题,设计了基于ARM架构单片机的施药控制系统,提出基于PWM(脉宽调制)的施药流量控制方法,采用多传感器融合技术,实现施药参数的实时动态监测。设计了基于LabVIEW的地面站控制软件,实现对施药系统的远程控制和作业数据存储。基于3CD-15型单旋翼无人机平台对动态变量施药系统实际作业性能及施药效果进行了测试。试验结果表明,在飞行速度为0.8~5.8 m/s时,该动态变量施药系统可实现施药流量与飞行速度自动匹配,实际流量与理论流量之间平均偏差为1.9%,实际施药作业优选飞行速度为3.91~5.10 m/s,此时有效喷幅为5 m,雾滴覆盖密度为18~41个/cm~2,变异系数为34%~75%,雾滴沉积量为42.1~52.4μg/cm~2。     

Interannual variability in stock abundance of the neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii, in the North Pacific Ocean during 1979–1998: impact of driftnet fishing and oceanographic conditions

Variability in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) was examined for the autumn cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii collected with research driftnets during 1979–1998 along five longitudinal transects passing through the Subarctic, Transitional and Subtropical Domains in the North Pacific. CPUE was generally low during the period of intensive commercial driftnet fishing (1980–1992) and increased following the 1992 moratorium on the use of large-scale driftnets. However, CPUE levels were low for the cohorts hatched in 1992 and 1996 (captured in subsequent years owing to a one-year life of O. bartramii ) that experienced low sea surface temperatures from hatching to recruitment. Among similar-aged squid collected from 180° and 179°30'W in June, mantle lengths were significantly greater in 1997 than during 1995–96. These findings suggest that the driftnet fishery and sea surface temperatures from hatching to recruitment strongly affected stock abundance and possibly growth.     

Epidemiology and control of Menangle virus in pigs

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology and eradication of Menangle virus infection in pigs. DESIGN: Field observations and interventions, structured and unstructured serological surveys, prospective and cross-sectional serological studies and laboratory investigations. PROCEDURE: Serum samples were collected from pigs at a 2600-sow intensive piggery in New South Wales that experienced an outbreak of reproductive disease in 1997. Serum samples were also collected from piggeries that received pigs from or supplied pigs to the affected piggery and from other piggeries in Australia. Serum and tissue samples were collected from pigs at piggeries experiencing reproductive disease in New South Wales. Sera and faeces were collected from grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) in the region of the affected piggery. Serum samples were tested for neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus. Virus isolation was attempted from faeces. RESULTS: Following the outbreak of reproductive disease, sera from 96% of adult pigs at the affected piggery, including sows that produced affected litters, contained neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus. Neutralising antibodies were also detected in sera from 88% of finisher pigs at two piggeries receiving weaned pigs from the affected piggery. No evidence of Menangle virus infection was found in other piggeries in Australia. In cross-sectional studies at the affected piggery, colostral antibodies were undetectable in most pigs by 14 to 15 weeks of age. By slaughter age or entry to the breeding herd, 95% of pigs developed high antibody titres (> or = 128) against Menangle virus in the virus neutralisation test. Menangle virus was eradicated from the affected piggery following a program of serological testing and segregation. Neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus were also detected in P poliocephalus from two colonies in the vicinity of the affected piggery. Two piggery workers were infected with Menangle virus. There was no evidence of infection in cattle, sheep, birds, rodents, feral cats and a dog at the affected piggery. CONCLUSIONS: Serological evidence of infection with Menangle virus was detected in pigs at a piggery that had experienced reproductive disease, in pigs at two associated piggeries and in fruit bats in the region of the piggery. Two humans were infected. The mode of transmission between pigs is unknown, but spread by faecal or urinary excretion is postulated. This virus can be eradicated by the segregation of pigs into discrete age groups.     

云南松纵坑切梢小蠹成虫扬飞期测报研究

１９９２～１９９４年在玉溪市刺桐关林区对云南松纵坑切梢小蠹成虫进行了系统的调查。据系统观测，成虫梢转干历期约１４３天；干转梢历期约为１２９天；梢转干的高峰期为每年的１月２４日～２月１０日，计１８天，期间累计成虫数占总虫数的６６．６５％；干转梢高峰为每年的５月５～２５日，计２１天，期间累计成虫数占总虫数的６４．５６％。为便于监测测报，对成虫梢转干、干转梢过程中当地林木相应的物候期进行了观察     

我国珍贵毛皮动物(貂、狐、貉)饲料营养研究进展

毛皮动物养殖是一个独具特色、充满活力的新兴产业,已逐步成为农村经济一个十分活跃的新的增长点.毛皮动物饲料营养研究,不仅对促进动物健康、提高畜产品质量及保证人类健康和环境安全具有重要的学术价值,而且还对保护生物多样性、保存和开发利用动物资源具有重要的指导作用.本文主要就我国貂、狐和貉饲料资源开发利用、饲料添加剂应用技术及干粉饲料配制技术的研究现状进行总结,旨在为貂、狐、貉的高产高效养殖和饲料开发等研究提供基础资料.     

供暖锅炉消烟除尘装置的选择

各种锅炉消烟除尘设备都有自己的使用范围,本文主要介绍了供暖锅炉在消烟除尘选用中应考虑的问题,阐明选用消烟除尘设备时要充分了解其技术范围及其经济性能。     

树栖型苍鹭幼鸟练飞习性的观察

1999、2000年4月～6月，在辽宁省朝阳县对树栖型苍鹭幼鸟的练飞习性进行了观察研究。苍鹭幼鸟从出壳到自由飞翔。其练飞过程分为3个时期：巢中练飞期、离巢练飞期和自由飞翔期。离巢练飞期又可分为3个阶段。章对各阶段的练飞行为进行了重点描述。     

粉煤灰改良砂姜黑土对冬小麦田生态因子的影响

1997年—1999年通过桶栽试验研究了粉煤灰改良砂姜黑土对冬小麦田生态因子的影响。结果表明，粉煤灰施入砂姜黑土降低了土壤的容重、比重及土壤的粘粒含量，增加了土壤的总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和土壤饱和导水率。并分别得出土壤容重、比重、毛管孔隙度和饱和导水率与粉煤灰用量的模拟方程。同时，也对土壤温度、土壤含水量及土壤微生物数量在整个生育时期的变化动态进行了研究。