烟花爆竹试燃放时段浏阳市城区PM10和PM2.5的污染特征及影响分析

利用浏阳市2018年烟花爆竹试燃放时段污染天气作为研究背景,选取浏阳市环境空气自动监测省控站点2018年全年期间周1至周5实时监测数据及气象参数进行了分析。结果表明:烟花爆竹试燃放时段对环境空气中PM 10和PM 2.5影响显著,集中试燃放对PM 10和PM 2.5的小时值增长倍数贡献明显,烟花爆竹试燃放时段对PM 10和PM 2.5的小时值最大贡献量分别为17~31μg/m^3和11~19μg/m^3;最大增高倍数分别为0.4~0.7倍和0.4~0.9倍。PM 10和PM 2.5小时浓度均为秋季增幅最大。     

政府作用、地方特色产业培养与农村经济发展——浏阳花炮产业发展带来的思考

概述了地方特色产业的概念和基本特征：地方特色产业是一定区域范围内,以独特的资源为基础,以独特的生产技术、生产流程和管理组织方式为支撑,制造特色产品或提供特色服务的部门或行业。指出了政府在培育地方特色产业、促进区域经济发展过程中的作用,主要表现在：改善生产要素,加强基础设施建设,保护产地品牌,制定行业标准,注重区域文化和形象塑造等。     

2020年春节期间烟花禁放对安庆市空气质量效果评估

利用2019和2020年空气质量数据,进行了春节期间烟花禁放对安庆市空气质量的效果评估。结果表明:安庆市2020年烟花禁放后,春节期间优良天气比例为87.5%,比2019年提高25%,没有出现中度污染以上等级的天气。2020年除夕及正月初一,安庆市PM₁₀及PM_2.5的峰值浓度比2019年同期分别降低了78.8%、70.5%,SO₂及NO₂略有下降。2020年春节期间,烟花燃放对PM₁₀及PM_2.5的平均贡献量比2019年分别下降了81.7%、76.4%,说明烟花禁放起到了显著的污染削峰作用。此外,2020年春节期间城区及市郊PM₁₀及PM_2.5浓度比禁燃前都有所下降,且城区的峰值浓度比市郊下降得更为显著,禁放后PM₁₀及PM_2.5质量浓度的空间差异性进一步缩小。     

涉爆犯罪中“爆炸物”概念之界定

现行刑法未对"爆炸物"的概念进行界定,导致司法不统一现象和学术争鸣的长期存在。因此,应当明确界定刑法中"爆炸物"的概念,将客观上足以致人重伤、死亡或者使公私财产遭受重大损失的爆炸性物品均认定为"爆炸物"。此外,烟花爆竹应当属于爆炸物。     

A survey of owners' perceptions of fear of fireworks in a sample of dogs and cats in New Zealand

Abstract

AIMS: To establish reliable information regarding the behavioural responses of dogs and cats to fireworks in New Zealand; record interventions used by owners, and their perceived efficacies; and establish the prevalence of firework-related injury, and quantify owners' attitudes towards fireworks.

METHODS: A questionnaire targeting dog and cat owners was distributed via the Auckland Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) Animals Voice magazine and 25 veterinary clinics. The questionnaire covered demographics of animals, fear of fireworks, severity of the fear, and behaviours exhibited. Also included were treatments tried, source and perceived efficacy, prevalence of injury, and owners' attitudes towards the sale of fireworks for private use.

RESULTS: From a total of 8,966 questionnaires distributed, 1,007 valid questionnaires were returned, representing 3,527 animals. Of these 1,635 (46%) animals displayed a level of fear of fireworks recognisable to their owners. Owners of dogs identified a significantly higher fear response than owners of cats but the duration of these fear responses did not differ between species. Fear of fireworks frequently resulted in dogs exhibiting active fear behaviours, whereas cats were more likely to exhibit hiding and cowering behaviours. A significantly increased severity and duration of fear response over time in dogs and cats was associated with owners who comforted them when they displayed a fearful response. Only 141/890 (15.8%) of owners sought professional treatment from a veterinarian, animal behaviourist or animal trainer for their animals, with variable efficacy. Six percent (51/923) of animals had received physical injuries from fireworks. The majority (837/1,007; 83%) of respondents, regardless of whether they owned a fearful animal or not, supported a ban on the sale of fireworks for private use.

CONCLUSIONS: The results provide valuable information that is, as yet, unsubstantiated in New Zealand, although potential biases exist due to the non-random selection of respondents. Differences between dogs and cats were likely due to differing responses to fear-provoking stimuli between the species. Owner-reported increase in fearful response over time for comforted animals may indicate a negative impact on the longer-term psychological welfare of their animal.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The greater the awareness of effective treatment plans for animals that suffer from a fear of fireworks, the greater the possibility that this fear can be reduced. Wider dissemination of effective owner behaviour and treatment programmes for firework fears is needed to improve levels of professional treatment for dogs and cats.