An emerging energetic soil contaminant,CL-20, can affect the soil invertebrate community in a sandy loam soil

We investigated the effects of nitramine explosive CL-20 (China Lake compound 20) on the indigenous soil invertebrate community in Sassafras sandy loam (SSL) soil using a 12-week soil microcosm assay. Freshly collected SSL soil was amended with CL-20 to prepare multiple treatment concentrations ranging from 0 (acetone control) to 10,300 mg kg⁻¹. The selected concentration range of CL-20 adequately assessed the concentration–response relationships for total microarthropods, and for individual microarthropod groups. The overall composition of microarthropod community in SSL soil was not affected by exposure to CL-20, based on the number of taxonomic groups present in the individual treatments after 12 weeks. However, community structure analysis revealed greater sensitivity to CL-20 by predatory mesostigmatid mites. Microarthropod and nematode communities showed contrasting sensitivities to CL-20 in SSL soil. Total numbers of nematodes were either unaffected or significantly (p < 0.05) increased in CL-20 treatments compared with control. Only predator group among nematodes was consistently adversely affected by exposure to CL-20. The abundance of predatory nematodes decreased in a concentration-dependent manner throughout the 12-week exposure. Microcosm assay with corresponding community structure analysis can provide the means for validating the ecotoxicity data from standardized laboratory tests, both complimenting and expanding upon the ecotoxicological significance of data from standardized single-species toxicity tests.     

Mechanism of Influence of the Explosive Blast on the Permeability of the Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells Monolayer

The influence of the explosive blast with different pressure on the permeability of the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells monolayer (PMECM) has been observed by using the model of the explosive blast wounded the endothelial cells monolayer in vitro The mechanism of the effect of the blast on PMECM permeability has also been explored in pathology and cytoskeleton. The results show that the explosive blast with about 100 kPa pressure can increase the permeability of PMECM in conductance detection, and the explosive blast with lower than 350 kPa pressure can mainly cause the increasing of the gap between endothelial cells, and explosive blast with higher than 600 kPa pressure can exfoliate the endothelial cells monolayer. The occurrence mechanism of PMECM permeability changes caused by explosive blast is related to the change of the cytoskeleton myosin.     

爆破膜装置在水电站的应用

主要阐述了作为水电站调节保证措施的爆破膜装置的原理、性能和工作参数的计算。对于具有较长的有压引水系统的水电站、需要增容扩建的水电站，这一装置具有一定的推广应用价值。本装置也可以应用于输水管道抽水站及引水工程。     

米根霉无载体固定化发酵产L-乳酸

通过研究米根霉NLX-M-1利用葡萄糖无载体固定化发酵产L-乳酸的影响因素,获得米根霉利用木质纤维基葡萄糖进行无载体固定化发酵的最优条件。优化的米根霉无载体固定化产L-乳酸条件:初始葡萄糖质量浓度100 g/L,(NH4)2SO4质量浓度2 g/L,接种量2%(体积分数),CaCO330 g/L,KH2PO40.1 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.25 g/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.1 g/L。在优化条件下,以纯葡萄糖为碳源的米根霉发酵过程,形成平均直径1 mm的微球,L-乳酸产量为76.6 g/L,转化率为81.6%。以玉米秸秆酸爆渣酶解葡萄糖浓缩至60 g/L进行L-乳酸发酵,米根霉形成直径约1.2 mm的微球,L-乳酸产量为36.4 g/L,转化率为63.5%。     

PETN为基的高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)力学性能的MD模拟

PETN(季戊四醇四硝酸酯,又名太安)是爆炸性能优良的硝酸酯类高能炸药的典型,该研究将其选作高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)中的基炸药。选择聚偏二氟乙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯、F2311和F2314作为粘结剂,对PETN及其与这4种含氟聚合物组成的PBX,用国际上流行的Materials Studio软件中的DISCOV-ER模块,以先进的COMPASS力场,主要模拟研究了PETN基PBX在不同温度下的力学性能。发现随温度升高,PBX的刚性减小,弹塑性增强。     

中国对虾病虾体内同工酶表型变化的初步研究

应用对流免疫电泳及核酸探针检测技术筛选感染病毒的中国对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）病虾,采用不连续的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳研究病虾体内同工酶的表型变化。用分光光度仪对电泳带扫描分析表明,病虾体内４种同工酶—酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）、谷草转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的表型与健康虾比较存在显著差异。其中,ＭＤＨ、ＥＳＴ、ＧＯＴ的变化分别反映病虾体内糖类、脂类、氨基酸等３大物质代谢明显紊乱,ＳＯＤ活性下降,显示病虾免疫防御机能明显衰退。对虾体内同工酶表型变化规律稳定,重复性好,可作为对虾病害检测与诊断的生理生化指标     

单克隆抗体酶联免疫技术检测对虾皮下及造血组织坏死病的病原及其传播途径

用单克隆抗体ＥＬＩＳＡ技术对１９９４年５月～７月自山东和辽宁采集的虾池和海区材料，包括对虾、浮游生物、小型甲壳类生物、鱼类、底泥及饲料等共１９２个样品进行了对虾暴发性流行病病原ＨＨＮＢＶ的检测。结果表明，对虾中的ＨＨＮＢＶ阳性与虾池发病情况基本相符，用单抗ＥＬＩＳＡ方法可提前２０～４０ｄ对虾池的发病可能性作出预报；桡足类浮游生物的带毒率高于对虾，且其阳性的出现早于对虾，沿岸海区的桡足类浮游生物有较高的阳性率，它可能是对虾暴发性流行病的主要病原携带者；部分地区的卤虫也带有ＨＨＮＢＶ，同时还从糠虾等小型甲壳类生物中检出了病原。     

1994年浙江省对虾暴发性流行病病原及传播途径的初步调查

用Ｔ—Ｅ染色、单克隆抗体的ＥＬＩＳＡ现场诊断、组织切片和Ｈ—Ｅ染色和电镜观察等不同方法对１９９４年浙江省乐清和温岭两地区虾池及海区样品进行了现场和实验室检查。结果说明，１９９４年浙江省对虾暴发性流行病实质上是杆状病毒性的皮下及造血组织坏死，病原为ＨＨＮＢＶ。检查到的ＨＰＶ不是这场暴发病的病原。对非对虾类生物和对虾鲜活饲料的单抗ＥＬＩＳＡ检测表明，海区张网饲料可能是１９９４年浙江对虾暴发性流行病的主要传染源，病虾池中除对虾外，其它甲壳类生物在该病的传播上可能也起到一定的作用。这些生物除了可能传播ＨＨＮＢＶ外，还可能传播ＨＰＶ。     

柱状药包爆炸波传播规律的试验分析

药包爆炸波在结构体中传播规律是研究爆破工程的关键性问题之一。先利用爆炸水池对微小药量柱状药包爆炸冲击波压力进行试验测试,得到药包爆炸冲击波压力计算公式的相关参数;再利用预埋在试件中应变砖,对不同药量和长径比的药包进行爆破超动态应变测试。通过试验数据分析获得了柱状药包的爆炸冲击波在混凝土类脆性材料中的传播规律以及近中区应力波公式σr=σm α中的衰减系数α值。     

The Indoor Experiment Study on Pore Water Pressure Increment and Dissipation of Saturated Sand Caused by Blasting

An indoor experiment on explosive compaction of saturated sand has been done.The changes of pore water pressure during blasting are measured and the laws of pore water pressure increment and dissipation are analyzed.It indicates that the processes of increment and dissipation of pore water pressure have particularity along the depth and radial.At the same time,the development rule of liquefaction under explosive loading is also analyzed;these conclusions obtained in the experiment,may provide some useful references for the engineering design and the theoretic study of explosive compaction for water-saturated granular foundation.