食用菌多糖抗运动疲劳研究进展

采用文献资料法对食用菌多糖抗运动疲劳的研究进展情况进行了研究。结果表明:食用菌多糖提取方法不同而食用菌多糖的提取率也不相同,超声波法+复合酶法及微波法提取食用菌多糖提取率较高,2种方法科学合理的结合提取食用菌多糖以及不同产地、品种和不同部位提取率是未来学者们需要研究的领域;目前,只是对极少部分食用菌多糖抗运动疲劳进行了研究,研究对象(动物)、模型、指标、评价单一而没有确定最佳剂量的时间而没确定的量。为此,提出了未来应加强和重视食用菌多糖抗疲劳运动多食用菌、多对象(尤其是人)、多模型、多指标、多评价、最佳剂量的研究以及量-效、构-效关系的研究建议。     

频域心电图对冠心病诊断价值的初步探讨

对５０例冠心病和５０例随机做平板运动试验（ＴＥＴ）者作频域心电图（ＦＣＧ）对比分析探讨ＦＣＧ对冠心病的诊断价值。结果表明：单纯根据ＦＣＧ异常诊断冠心病有较高假阳性（６５．２２％）。如将ＦＣＧ的阳性指标作综合判断，虽然敏感性降低（８８．００％降至７０．００％）。假阳性都明显降低（６５．２２％降至２６．００％）。认为ＴＥＴ的特异性较ＦＣＧ高。若两者均为阴性，则冠心病可能性很小。     

Relationship of plasma lactate production to cortisol release following completion of different types of sporting events in horses

Fifty-eight healthy horses were studied during five sporting events of various intensities and durations, namely show-jumping (n=6), cross-country in a three-day event (n=30), trotting races (n=7), galloping reces (n=7) and endurance rides (n=8). Venous blood samples were collected at rest and immediately after exercise and analysed for plasma cortisol (CORT) and lactate (LA) levels. The experimental procedure was the same throughout the investigation so as to permit a reliable comparison between the five types of exercise. The type of event significantly affected both the resting (p0.05) and the postexercise (p0.01) plasma CORT. The degree of exercise-induced hypercortisolaemia was related to both the intensity and the duration of exercise for all five sporting events, but the endurance ride induced the most and show-jumping the least serious post-exercise CORT changes. LA production was much more closely related to the intensity of the exercise than was CORT. It is concluded that simultaneous measurements of plasma CORT and LA levels may be useful to discriminate between different types of exercise, adjust training programmes, and improve our comprehension of the physiology of sport horses at exercise.Abbreviations CORT cortisol - E/R exercise to rest ratio - EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - HR heart rate - LA lactate     

松茸多糖对缓解运动员有氧运动疲劳恢复应用研究

通过分析松茸多糖对有氧运动所产生的一系列良好效果,进行松茸多糖对运动员疲劳恢复的相关研究,松茸多糖主要涉及到运动员运动过程当中,其机体所产生的血清尿素(BU)含量、血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性的变化。相关研究结果表明,松茸多糖能够对此起到良好的修复作用,有效抑制运动过后所产生的骨骼肌损伤,增强运动员机体抗氧化能力,从而达到恢复疲劳的作用。     

Comparison of tracheal aspirates before and after high-speed treadmill exercise in racehorses

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether percentages of neutrophils in tracheal aspirate (TA) samples collected from racehorses are increased after exercise and whether interpretation of results from TA samples taken before and after exercise agree. DESIGN: Case series of 40 young Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses in race training presented for evaluation of poor performance. PROCEDURE: TA samples were collected endoscopically from racehorses presented for poor performance 24 h before and 1 to 2 h after high speed treadmill exercise testing. Aliquots of the retrieved fluid were cytocentrifuged and smears were stained with Diff-Quik. Mean neutrophil counts were expressed as percentages of the total number of inflammatory cells counted and subsequently were categorised as either above or below an accepted cut-off of 20%. Comparisons between percentages of neutrophils before and after exercise were made. RESULTS: Percentage of neutrophils from TA samples obtained from racehorses after exercise was significantly higher than neutrophil percentages from TA samples collected from the same horse before exercise. In horses with TA specimens that were categorised as having < or = 20% neutrophils before treadmill exercise, the percentage of neutrophils in their TA specimens after exercise was, on average, significantly higher and was greater than the cut-off value of 20%. CONCLUSION: Recent strenuous exercise may change the proportion of neutrophils in lower airways of racehorses and practitioners should be aware of this when collecting and interpreting the results from TA samples. The most practical time for collection of a TA sample to obtain the most diagnostically useful information might be after a suitable washout period of at least 1 to 2 h post-exercise.     

逆流运动训练对多鳞四须鲃摄食、生长和体营养成分的影响

在室内条件下［水温(28?1) ℃］,设置0.7 BL/s和2.0 BL/s 2个流速组以及一个静水对照组,研究了不同逆流运动训练对多鳞四须鲃幼鱼［体质量(75.21?2.82) g］摄食、生长和体营养成分的影响。实验分1~23 d和23~45 d两个阶段,共进行45 d。实验结果表明,多鳞四须鲃平均日摄食率随流速增加而增大,但体长特定生长率、体质量特定生长率和食物转换率均以0.7 BL/s组最高,静水组次之,2.0 BL/s组最低,且三者间差异显著(P<0.05)。不同流速下多鳞四须鲃肌肉水分和灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但随流速增大,多鳞四须鲃肌肉中蛋白质含量增加,而脂肪含量却显著下降。在实验末期,2.0 BL/s流速组的氨基酸总含量(82.63%)、必需氨基酸总含量(34.34%)和鲜味氨基酸总含量(33.50%)均显著高于静水对照组(78.27%,32.6%,30.63%)(P<0.05)。研究表明,较低流速(0.7 BL/s)的运动训练明显促进多鳞四须鲃的生长,提高食物转化率和增加肌肉蛋白质含量,高流速(2.0 BL/s)的运动训练不利于生长,但却能显著提高肌肉必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量。     

不同水流速度对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼自由基代谢的影响

在(25±0.5) ℃下, 设置4个水流速度实验组, 分别为静水对照组0 bl/s(体长/秒)、1.0 bl/s组、2.0 bl/s组和4.0 bl/s组, 研究不同水流速度对中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼肌肉自由基代谢的影响, 训练周期为8周。结果显示, 肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-P_X)的活性随着水流速度的增加而升高, 训练组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性出现不同程度的下降, 而抗氧化物谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量未发生明显变化(P>0.05); 训练组肌肉总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均高于对照组, 2.0 bl/s组最高, 4.0 bl/s组次之, 1.0 bl/s组最低, 且2.0 bl/s和4.0 bl/s组T-AOC与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。8周训练后, 2.0 bl/s组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于其他3组(P<0.05), 而H₂O₂含量随着水流速度增加呈上升趋势。8周运动训练对骨骼肌B细胞淋巴瘤因子-2 (Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)的含量及血清肌酸激酶(CK)活性无显著影响(P>0.05), 但2.0 bl/s组Bax和Bax/ Bcl-2显著低于4.0 bl/s组(P<0.05)。结果表明, 2.0 bl/s的水流速度可提高中华倒刺鲃肌肉的抗氧化能力, 降低脂质过氧化水平, 并在一定程度上抑制肌细胞凋亡。

     

逆流运动及葵花籽油替代鱼油对吉富罗非鱼生长和体成分的影响

选取初始体质量（73．81±9．02）g的雄性吉富罗非鱼（GIFFOreochromisniloticus）,分别投喂含100％鱼油（A）、50％葵花籽油＋50％鱼油（B）和100％葵花籽油（C）的饲料,每种饲料设置2个流速运动水平（0BL·s-1、1．5BL·s-1）（BL,体长）,共6个试验组合（0A、1．5A、0B、1．5B、0C、1．5C）,饲养42d后测定试验鱼生长和体成分变化。结果显示各组合吉富罗非鱼的成活率没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。1．5B组合的特定生长率（4．96±0．02）％·d-1显著高于其他各组合（P〈0．05）。逆流运动后红肌和白肌蛋白质含量分别最高增加10．25％和7．74％（P〈0．05）。逆流运动对全鱼和肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量没有显著影响（P〉0．05）,但饲料B组和c组鱼体红肌PUFA含量显著高于A组（P〈0．05）,而B组和c组之间则没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。研究结果表明,葵花籽油替代鱼油对吉富罗非鱼的生长和体成分没有显著影响,而逆流运动能够显著提高肌肉蛋白质含量。     

地鳖虫提取物对大鼠运动能力和骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性的影响

【目的】探讨补充地鳖虫提取物对大鼠运动能力、骨骼肌抗氧化酶表达水平及活性的影响,以明确其作为运动补剂的可能性。【方法】对大负荷游泳训练大鼠按各组平均体质量的0.5,1.0和1.5g/kg剂量分别补充地鳖虫提取物,在8周大负荷训练结束后测定大鼠力竭游泳时间、骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性及其原因表达水平。【结果】8周大负荷训练后,与单纯大负荷运动组相比,补充地鳖虫提取物组大鼠运动能力显著提高,其骨骼肌SOD、CAT、GST3种抗氧化酶活性均显著增加,同时3种抗氧化酶编码基因的表达水平也显著上调。【结论】补充地鳖虫提取物能够显著提高大鼠运动能力和骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性,其可能的机理是地鳖虫提取物上调了抗氧化酶编码基因的表达水平。