羊胚胎移植B超监测技术及其影像的研究

利用AMI-900型兽用B超,对羊胚胎移植进行了全程监测．主要包括供、受体羊选择前的普查,供体超排效果的监测,受体妊娠及胚胎发育监测,子宫、卵巢恢复状况监测等．根据所得资料和经验,总结出了羊胚胎移植中的B超监测技术及其声像图表现．     

宁夏农垦万只商品肉羊生产场羊群结构的优化与设计

为了稳步推进宁夏农垦企业集团百万肉羊产业化生产,笔者结合宁夏农垦生产实际,在既充分考虑宁夏农垦百万肉羊良种繁育和杂交利用体系的总体建设方案和现有建设实际,又紧密结合商品肉羊生产场目前技术力量和实际生产水平的前提下,提出了宁夏农垦万只商品肉羊生产场羊群结构优化与设计的具体方案:优秀种公羊50只,占羊只总数的0.5%,其中6月龄、1岁、2岁、3岁、4岁、5岁公羊分别占公羊总数的24%、18%、16%、16%、14%、12%;二元杂交母羊9950只,占羊只总数的99.5%,其中6月龄、1岁、2岁、3岁、4岁、5岁、6岁母羊分别占母羊总数的18.3%、16.4%、15.6%、14.5%、13.2%、11.8%、10.2%。     

人工草地绵羊系统优化研究Ⅳ人工草地划区轮牧罗姆尼怀孕母羊群体采食量研究

人工草地划区轮牧条件下,牧草生长旺季罗姆尼(Romney)怀孕母羊羊群采食量与怀孕日龄间呈显著正相关,回归方程Y=0.003 2X+0.853 7,r=0.949 5;但霜冻到来后采食量与怀孕日龄间呈显著负相关,回归方程Y=-0.007 3X+1.784 1,r=-0.985 1.     

日粮中添加整粒油籽对绵羊体脂主要脂肪酸组成的影响

日粮中分别添加相当于40.0 g粗脂肪的油菜籽、油葵籽、红花籽和亚麻籽,饲喂成年母羊35 d后屠宰,用气相色谱技术测定了羊体背最长肌、肾脏脂肪和尾部脂肪的主要脂肪酸(FA)组成,结果表明:日粮对肌肉中FA组成的影响较对脂肪组织的大;在所测定的3个部位中,C14∶0最为稳定,不受日粮影响;在脂肪组织中,C16∶1、C18∶1也不受日粮的影响,但肌肉中C18∶1含量因添加红花籽显著增大;添加亚麻籽有提高脂肪组织中C18∶3的趋势,其余油籽有使各部位C18∶3含量下降的趋势,以油葵组下降最为明显;除油菜籽(富含C18∶1)外,富含多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的油籽有使C16∶0降低的作用.羊体不同部位脂肪酸组成存在较大的差异:C18∶1在尾脂中的含量极显著或显著地(多数情况为极显著)高于其它部位,而肾脏中含量最低;C16:1在不同部位的差异与C18∶1相同;C16∶0、C18∶0以尾脂中最低;C18∶2的含量在肌肉中最低.从尾部、肌肉到肾脏,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)的比例降低,而饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的比例上升.不管在何部位,C18∶1在所有脂肪酸中所占比例最高;C18∶0在肾脏脂肪中占第2位,在肌肉和尾脂中占第3位,而C16∶0在肾脏居第3位,在其余部位居第2.     

内蒙古細毛羊妊娠后期(90—150天)母羊能量和蛋白质需要量的研究

本研究旨在确定内蒙古细毛羊妊娠后期(90—150天)母羊对能量和蛋白质的需要量。选34只妊娠后期内蒙古细毛羊,按相似配对原则随机分为三组,供给不同的能量、蛋白质水平(低、中、高)。经饲养、消化代谢及屠宰试验测定出不同营养水平下羔羊初生重、试验期母体增重及胎产物、母体蛋白质和能量的沉积量并计算出饲料利用率。另外,每隔20天每组选三只羊采血,分析血液中血清总蛋白和血糖含量。最后根据上述指标综合评价营养水平对母羊的满足程度,用回归析因方法计算出代谢能和粗蛋白质的需要量。公式如下:MER-117.2W(0.75) 0.1338×10~(2.995 1.149lgx) {627.7(单羔) 697.4(双羔)}CPR=0.8818W 5.562×10~(0.0984 1.171lgx) {85.39(单羔) 67.84(双羔)} 式中:MER、CPR分别表示代谢能(千克/日/只)和粗蛋白质(克/日/只)的需要量。 W为母羊体重(kg),x为羔羊初生重(kg)     

Evaluation of Ewe Performance in 795 Selected Sheep Flocks in South-Eastern Norway

A study of ewe performance was undertaken in 795 sheep flocks based on data from the Norwegian Sheep Recording System. Herd level data included in the annual report for 1998 were used as the basis for the study. Average flock size was 75.3 ewes. The material was considered as representative of the better and more motivated sheep farmers in the mountain valley regions in south-eastern Norway. The average number of lambs born per ewe, inclusive (and exclusive) of barren ewes, was 1.89 (2.02), and of autumn lambs (those surviving from birth in the spring to autumn) 1.60 (1.66). The average autumn weight of the lambs corrected to 145 days of age was 42.4 kg, giving an overall performance of 67.9 kg lambs live weight per ewe. When including artificially reared lambs, overall performance was 70.4 kg per ewe. Artificial rearing of lambs, mostly triplets which had been removed from the ewe, was practised on 395 of the farms. In the 74 flocks with a rate of artificial rearing of more than 10% of all lambs, overall performance per ewe was 13.3 kg higher than in flocks with no artificial rearing. Total lamb mortality from birth to autumn recording, including stillborn lambs, was 12.44%. Mortality had a skewed distribution, some flocks having very high mortality figures. The arithmetic means (and medians) for mortality were as follows: 2.75 (2.29)% stillbirths, 2.93 (2.30)% died during the indoor feeding period, 0.88 (0.00)% at spring pasture, and 6.16 (4.40)% at summer pasture. In regression models using Proc Genmod in SAS^®, it was found that average number of autumn lambs per ewe was negatively associated with the rate of barren ewes, late lambing date (flock average day in year when lambing took place), and total lamb mortality. The corrected autumn weight of the lambs was positively associated with the average number of lambs born per ewe and non-fertility rate, and negatively associated with flock size and total lamb mortality. The Dala breed had a positive effect on number of autumn lambs per ewe, and Spæl breed a negative effect on corrected autumn live weight of the lambs.     

母羊产后缺乳

母畜在产后泌乳量减少或完全无乳,称为产后缺乳.产后缺乳在绵羊及山羊常有发生,是引起新生羔羊饥饿、能量不足、体质减弱甚至死亡的重要原因,造成养殖业重大经济损失.母羊产后缺乳主要是由品种品质、饲养管理、应激、营养及疾病等因素引起,除全身性疾病外,母羊产后缺乳按临床症状可分为单纯缺乳型、乳腺炎型和传染性无乳症型.针对以上临床...     

Energy requirements of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes during non-pregnancy and lactation

This experiment was conducted to investigate the energy requirement of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes during non-pregnancy and lactation. Fifteen ewes after parturition were randomly assigned to three treatments: ad libitum(100%) feed intake and 80 or 60% ad libitum intake, and another nine non-pregnant ewes were assigned to a blank control group. Digestibility trials were performed in the non-pregnant ewes and in the lactating ewes on the 20 th, 50 th, and 80 th d of lactation. In parallel with the digestibility trial, a respirometry experiment was conducted to determine the methane and carbon dioxide production with an open-circuit respirometry system that was equipped with respiratory chambers. The net energy(NE) and metabolizable energy(ME) requirements for maintenance and growth were calculated using the carbon and nitrogen balance method. The results revealed that the carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) excretions and energy losses at faeces and urine, as well as the output of methane and CO2, increased significantly with decreasing feed intake(P0.01). The apparent digestibilities of C in th e stages of non-pregnancy and early, middle and late lactation were 55.8–58.3%, 62.5–73.8%, 64.8–71.3%, and 61.7–65.0%, respectively, and the apparent digestibilities of N were 45.2–51.3%, 73.7–82.7%, 72.8–80.5%, and 73.6–76.5%, respectively. The corresponding energy apparent digestibilities were 52.0–56.3%, 60.7–76.6%, 61.0–68.8%, and 61.4–67.7%, respectively. The ME/DE(digestible energy) values were 79.5–85.9%, 79.4–83.5%, 81.0%–85.3% and 78.6–82.9%, respectively. The maintenance requirements of NE, ME, and the efficiencies of ME utilisation for maintenance during the stages of non-pregnancy and early, middle and late lactation were 215.5, 253.1, 247.7, and 244.7 k J kg~(–1) BW0.75 d, and 372.4, 327.1, 320.9, and 362.0 k J kg~(–1) BW0.75 d, and 0.58, 0.77, 0.77, and 0.68, respectively. The ME requirement for the growth of non-pregnant ewes was 31.3 MJ kg~(–1) BW gain.     

葡萄籽粉替代玉米对成年母羊体重和经济效益的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同剂量葡萄籽粉替代玉米对成年母羊体重和经济效益的影响。试验选取年龄相近(15~16月龄)、健康状况良好的成年母羊32只,根据体重相近原则随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别用葡萄籽粉替代基础日粮中7%、14%和21%玉米。结果表明,试验各组间羊增重差异不显著(P＞0.05),但试验Ⅰ组平均日增重比对照组提高了14.50%,且经济效益比对照组平均提高了37.74%。提示,本试验中在基础日粮中使用葡萄籽粉替代7%玉米对成年母羊的增重效果和经济效益最佳。     

探讨母羊不孕的原因及防治措施

母羊不孕症是由于受饲养管理和母羊自身疾病、繁殖器官机能障碍等因素的影响,导致母羊长期和暂时不能怀孕。近年来,该病严重影响着羊的繁殖能力,降低了养羊业的经济效益。针对此情况,笔者对其病因进行了分析,并提出预防措施及治疗方法。