双头犊牛的解剖观察与病因学探讨

本文用大体解剖的方法描述了双头畸胎犊牛融合部的形态学特征,探讨病原学。该犊牛两头在枕部融合,颈部、躯干、四肢、内脏都是单一的,发育正常。两头对称生长,大小近于相等。每个头有两个鼻孔、两只眼睛、两个耳廓,被毛整齐。枕骨轴侧面融合牢同,轴侧枕骨髁消失,外侧枕骨髁与环椎相关节,枕骨大孔两个,颈椎6枚,环椎由4块骨构成,枢椎齿突消失。有两个舌、两个喉、一个食道、一个气管。两舌之间有舌骨体间肌相连。除环状软骨融合成一个完整的环外,其余3种喉软骨发育正常,具有一个宽大的喉后腔。每个头有完整的鼻咽部、口咽部、喉咽部。颈总动脉、颈总静脉、迷走交感于各有3条。每个头的脑、脑干、脑神经(除轴侧Ⅺ脊副神经外)发育正常。中枢融合部在脊髓前端,位于环椎的椎管内。畸胎的病原学可能是胚胎内细胞群分化紊乱,胚泡从透明带上浮现所致。     

鸡各种综合症的防治

近年来鸡的各种综合症发病率明显升高，严重危害养鸡业的发展。这些综合症必须要引起我们的重视，认真分析原因，采取有力的防治措施，控制病害的进一步发展和流行。     

Research Progress of Canine Coronavirus and Feline Coronavirus

Canine coronavirus (CCoV) and feline coronavirus (FCoV) belong to α-genus coronavirus of coronavirus family,porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) also belong to the same genus.Genetic evolution analysis showed that different genotype of the virus could produce new variant strains through gene recombination,which caused great obstacles to the diagnosis and control of the disease.β-genus coronaviruses include bovine coronavirus (BCoV),canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV).Among them,CRCoV has the highest homology with BCoV,but there are great differences in genomic structure,pathogenic mechanism and infection symptoms between this kind of coronavirus and α-coronavirus.CCoV and FCoV are widely spreading around the world,characterized by high morbidity and low mortality.Due to the characteristics of RNA virus and the influence of environmental selection pressure,the viruses continue to mutate and evolve,and new virulent strains appear one after another.The virulence of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is greatly enhanced,some specific point mutations in the virus genome change the cellular tropism against the host.The pathogenesis of the virus mainly depends on the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) induced by virus infection.The epidemiological investigation and prevention and control of CCoV and FCoV should not only rely on the single factor of vaccine immunity,but also comprehensively consider the virulence of the virus,environmental conditions,pet self-immune resistance, and so on.The identification of CCoV and FCoV should be based on clinical symptoms,combined with routine hematological examination,serum biochemical examination and laboratory diagnosis techniques to prevent false positive and false negative results.     

Advance on Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute,febrile and highly contagious animal disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV),and has been recognized as the most important constraint to international trade in animals and animal products.An outstanding feature for FMDV infection is that the FMDV infected animals may remain as a carrier state,some of the animals exposed to FMDV may have a long term asymptomatic infection.This article will review the advance of FMDV in the following aspects,epidemiology,etiology and pathogenesis.     

Nasal tumor in a fallow deer (Dama dama L). A case report

A nasal, so called ethmoidal, tumor from a fallow deer is described. It appears to be the first reported case of that species. The etiology is discussed.     

新生儿颅内出血危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的：分析新生儿颅内出血危险因素，为妇幼保健服务提供理论依据。方法：采用回顾性研究方法，对l50例新生儿颅内出血的相关因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果：危险因素按OR值排序，依次为窒息、胎盘老化、过期产、新生儿出血、低出生体重儿、滞产、宫内窘迫、呼吸暂停、DIC、母亲出血和酸中毒共11个因素有影响作用。结论：控制该11个危险因素，可降低新生儿颅内出血的发生率。     

梅迪-维斯纳病毒研究进展

梅迪-维斯纳病毒又称绵羊进行性肺炎病毒,是绵羊进行性肺炎的病原,属于逆转录病毒科、慢病毒属.其致病过程与人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)相似,因此可以作为HIV感染的动物的研究模型.论文综述了梅迪一维斯纳病毒的病原学,阐述了致病机理、免疫逃避机理及引起宿主的免疫反应,并对未来的防控研究工作进行展望.     

Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of blastomycosis in dogs and cats

Blastomycosis is one of the most common systemic fungal diseases in dogs in North America, but it is rarely diagnosed in cats. The typical route of infection is inhalation of aerosolized conidia of Blastomyces dermatitidis. From the respiratory tract, the developing yeast form may disseminate throughout the body and affect multiple organ systems, most commonly the lymphatic, skeletal and central nervous systems, eyes and skin. Disseminated disease often is associated with nonspecific signs of illness including lethargy, inappetence and fever, as well as signs referable to specific organ systems like chronic cough and dyspnea, peripheral lymphadenopathy, endophthalmitis, and central nervous signs. Diagnosis is typically made by detection of Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast in affected tissues by fine-needle aspiration cytology or histopathology. The treatment of choice is itraconazole. Prognosis is fair in dogs without central nervous disease and guarded in cats.     

Occurrence and distribution of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora</Emphasis> species in European chestnut stands,and their association with Ink Disease and crown decline

The Phytophthora complex associated with Castanea sativa Mill. was investigated in five European countries in 35 regions and with respect to various domestication levels. Annual precipitation and length of drought season were the main parameters that regulated the presence of Phytophthora species in the chestnut stands. Seven species of Phytophthora were detected; three of these, P. megasperma, P. cryptogea and P. syringae had not been previously reported on sweet chestnut. P. cinnamomi. P. cambivora and P. citricola were most frequently isolated. P. cinnamomi and P. cambivora were the species significantly associated with declining trees with symptoms of Ink Disease. P. cinnamomirequired distinct ecological conditions compared to the other species. P. cinnamomi was never detected in sites characterized by minimum temperatures below 1.4 °C, maximum temperature above 28 °C, or soil pH below 5.4. The results obtained provide useful information for modeling the probability of Ink Disease, crown decline and associated Phytophthora species in chestnut groves in global climatic change scenarios.     

Histoplasmosis in dogs and cats

Histoplasma capsulatum is endemic throughout most of the United States with a high prevalence of infections in the Midwest and South. Histoplasmosis is the second most common systemic fungal disease in cats that may be more susceptible than dogs. Infection occurs by inhalation of conidia from the mycelial phase, which subsequently convert to the yeast form. Histoplasma capsulatum is phagocytized and harbored by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Infection may be subclinical or cause clinical pulmonary granulomatous disease or dissemination. Disseminated disease predominantly affects the liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, bone and bone marrow, integument, and eyes. Primary gastrointestinal histoplasmosis also occurs. Clinical signs of histoplasmosis often are nonspecific, including chronic wasting, fever, anorexia, respiratory signs, and lameness. Gastrointestinal signs (eg, diarrhea with hematochezia or melena) are common in dogs. The definitive diagnosis is made by identification of the yeast in tissue samples. Itraconazole is the treatment of choice.