Differential regulating effect on estrogen receptor α and β expression in female rat hippocampus and cortex regions between different types of estrogen regents

AIM: To study the regulatory effect two different estrogen reagents on expressions of estrogen receptor α and β in female rat hippocampus and cortex regions. METHODS: 12 cycles after ovariectomy, female rats were orally injected with premarin or progynova for 3 cycles before sacrificed. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the ERs mRNA expression and SP immunohistochemistry was performed to measure the ERs protein distribution and expression. RESULTS: In premarin group, ER α mRNA levels in both hippocampus and cortex tissues decreased significantly compared with control. ER α protein level in hippocampus was lower than that in the control. However, ER α protein level in cortex had no statistical difference. ER β mRNA in the two regions and ER β protein in cortex had no statistical differences compared with control, while ER β protein level in hippocampus was higher than that in the control. In progynova group, both mRNA and protein levels of ER β increased significantly in the two regions compared with the control, and ER α mRNA level also increased in hippocampus, but ER α mRNA level in cortex and ER α protein levels in the above two regions showed no statistical differences. CONCLUSION: There were differential regulatory effects on ER α and ER β expression in female rat cognitive regions between the two different types of estrogen reagents, which may be one of the mechanisms of varied effects in different estrogen replacement therapy reagents.     

雏鸡脑雌激素受体的表达及分布

采用免疫组化SP法研究了雌激素受体在lO日龄雏鸡脑组织内的表达，着重观察了雌激素受体在小脑、中脑、下丘脑及端脑的分布。研究表明，雌激素受体主要存在于细胞核中，少数区域仅存于胞浆或胞膜。雌激素受体在脑内分布广泛。在小脑中部皮质的颗粒层、蒲肯野氏层，中脑的中央白质、外侧丘系腹侧核、视束、后连合等区域，雌激素受体免疫反应产物为高密度；在小脑前部皮质的颗粒层，中脑中央灰质、尾侧线形核，端脑副高纹状体等区域，雌激素受体免疫反应产物为中等密度；小脑前部皮质的蒲肯野氏细胞，下丘脑视上核，端脑原始旧纹状体等区域，雌激素受体免疫反应产物为低密度。结果揭示，在鸡脑早期发育过程中，雌激素起著广泛而重要的作用。     

Review and analysis of the potential for glyphosate to interact with the estrogen,androgen and thyroid pathways

Glyphosate was recently evaluated for its potential to interact with the estrogen, androgen and thyroid (EAT) hormone pathways, including steroidogenesis, under the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), then by Germany, the rapporteur Member State who led the European Annex 1 renewal for glyphosate, and then by the European Food Protection Agency (EFSA) also as part of the Annex 1 renewal for glyphosate. Under the EDSP, 11 Tier 1 assays were run following the USEPA's validated 890‐series test guidelines and included five in vitro and six in vivo assays to evaluate the EAT pathways. Steroidogenesis was evaluated as part of the estrogen and androgen pathways. An up‐to‐date critical review has been conducted that considered results from the EDSP Tier 1 battery, guideline regulatory studies and an in‐depth analysis of the literature studies that informed an endocrine assessment. A strength of this evaluation was that it included data across multiple levels of biological organization, and mammalian and nonmammalian test systems. There was strong agreement across the in vitro and in vivo Tier 1 battery, guideline studies and relevant literature studies, demonstrating that glyphosate does not interact with EAT pathways including steroidogenesis. Based on an analysis of the comprehensive toxicology database for glyphosate and the literature, this review has concluded that glyphosate does not have endocrine‐disrupting properties through estrogen, androgen, thyroid and steroidogenic modes of action. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

鸡粪中雌激素的检测及微生物降解

为检测鸡饲料和鸡粪中雌激素,优化其微生物降解条件,应用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法检测蛋鸡饲料和鸡粪中的雌激素,利用11种高效降解雌激素的单一菌株和等体积混合得到的菌群开展雌激素的降解实验。结果表明：只有蛋鸡鸡粪中含有雌二醇（E2）,含量为230 ng·g^-1。微生物菌群的降解率高于单一菌株,在27℃下,10 d内能够降解76%的E2。研究表明,蛋鸡鸡粪中有雌激素存在,微生物菌群对雌激素的降解率高于单一菌株。     

人雌激素受体cDNA在酵母细胞中的表达

根据人全长雌激素受体cDNA序列,用RT—PCR方法使乳腺癌细胞MCF-7株扩增人雌激素受体基因(hER cDNA),通过pGEM—T／hER载体克隆到酵母表达载体中,并转化到酿酒酵母细胞中,用Western blot法和免疫组化法检测hER cDNA的表达。结果表明：hER cDNA在酵母细胞中成功表达,可用于建立环境雌激素的酵母细胞检测体系。     

快速筛选环境雌激素酵母细胞的试验研究

通过分子生物学技术将雌激素效应元件(ERE)基本序列插入β-半乳糖苷酶的Lac Z报告基因的上游．并将其置于重组酵母细胞雌激素受体(ER)的调控之下。结果表明：当环境雌激素作用于酵母细胞时,会使ER发生变构效应．与ERE结合使LacZ基因得以表达．其表达量与环境雌激素的污染程度具有剂量效应关系,通过检测β-半乳糖苷酶的活性,可反映环境雌激素的污染程度;与双酚A和苯甲酸雌二醇活性相比较,β-雌二醇活性最强,但双酚A活性明显高于苯甲酸雌二醇。     

日粮中高碘对母鸡繁殖性能的影响

在２５周龄母鸡日粮中添加高剂量碘化钾，持续１６周，观察产蛋率，种蛋受精率及孵化率的变化，并用ＲＩＡ法测定鸡血浆中的雌激素、孕酮浓度．结果表明，高碘组母鸡产蛋率下降，种蛋爱精率无明显变化但孵化率降低．母鸡血浆雌激素的基础分泌量无显著变化，但高碘引起孕酮基础分泌量升高，而且导致雌激素、孕酮的周期分泌率紊乱．     

尼罗罗非鱼Foxp1a/b的cDNA克隆及表达模式研究

为探讨低等脊椎动物Foxp1与免疫细胞活化及机体雌激素水平的相关性,本研究首次分离克隆了尼罗罗非鱼 (Oreochromis niloticus) Foxp1的开放阅读框序列,并通过real-time PCR对其mRNA表达水平进行检测。结果显示,尼罗罗非鱼具有两种不同基因编码的Foxp1分子,分别命名为OnFoxp1a与OnFoxp1b;OnFoxp1a为1710 bp,由15个外显子编码569个氨基酸,OnFoxp1b为2040 bp,由16个外显子编码679个氨基酸;OnFoxp1a/b均含有Foxp亚家族的特征性结构,即锌指结构、亮氨酸拉链样结构和叉状螺旋结构;与OnFoxp1a相比,OnFoxp1b与高等脊椎动物Foxp1具有更近的亲缘关系。Real-time PCR检测结果显示,OnFoxp1a/b几乎在所有组织中均有表达,OnFoxp1a在精巢中有高水平表达, OnFoxp1b在心脏中有高水平表达,同时OnFoxp1b在免疫相关组织如鳃、脾脏、肾脏、肠等均有中等水平表达;淋巴细胞多克隆刺激剂PHA、PMA、LPS刺激尼罗罗非鱼外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）,结果显示,50 μg/mL PHA和50 ng/mL PMA分别刺激6、12、24 h均显著增强OnFoxp1b的表达 (p＜0.05),20 μg/mL LPS刺激后,OnFoxp1b的表达出现先降低后升高的趋势 (p＜0.05);而OnFoxp1a的表达除50 μg/mL PHA 刺激24 h后有所升高,其余均无显著变化;雌激素处理6月龄雄性尼罗罗非鱼48 h,OnFoxp1a/b在肠、肾脏中的表达显著上调 (p＜0.05),而脾脏中无显著变化 (p>0.05)。综上所述,低等脊椎动物硬骨鱼类两种不同基因编码的Foxp1a/b均为哺乳动物Foxp1的同源分子,但其序列、结构特征、表达模式迥异,提示其功能发生歧化;同时两者的表达与淋巴细胞活化及机体雌激素水平密切相关。     

电脉冲刺激肾旁穴对兔丘脑雌激素受体蛋白表达的影响

采用电脉冲刺激穴位法及免疫组织化学SP法，研究了电脉冲刺激肾旁穴对丘脑内雌激素受体免疫反应阳性产物的影响。结果发现雌激素受体免疫反应阳性产物在丘脑内广泛分布，可见电针组丘脑室旁核、丘脑腹外侧核、丘脑腹内侧核、丘脑腹主核、丘脑中央中核、丘脑网状核、丘脑室周核等核区有大量阳性产物，且多分布于神经元的胞浆、胞核和突起中、有少部分分布于胞膜上，染色较深，突起明显，细胞形态多样，轮廓清晰；而对照组相应神经核团中阳性细胞数量较少且淡染，突起也不明显，形态单一或轮廓不清。两组阳性产物的染色强度和细胞数目均差异显著。以上结果表明电脉冲刺激肾旁穴可使家兔上述核团内雌激素受体的表达增强。     

硒营养对蛋鸡强制换羽的影响研究

本试验旨在通过在日粮中添加不同剂量的硒(0、0.05、0.1、0.2mg/kg日粮),研究蛋鸡换羽过程中激素的变化,探讨硒影响强制换羽的机理。试验结果表明:微量元素硒能够影响换羽过程中血浆T3、T4、促黄体生成激素、黄体酮、雌二醇含量,但是硒参与强制换羽与硒对甲状腺激素代谢的影响无关,硒可能是参与了促黄体生成激素、黄体酮、雌二醇的代谢影响了强制换羽的效果。