产雌马酚梭菌C1对小鸡沙门氏菌攻毒保护效果

部分梭菌对机体的免疫系统具有明显的调节作用,可开发成新型益生菌。由于鸡盲肠内容物中梭菌含量较高,从小鸡肓肠内容物中分离培养功能性梭状芽孢杆菌,并在小鸡中初步研究其对沙门氏菌攻毒的保护效果。该研究首先采用梭菌选择性培养基,从小鸡肓肠内容物中分离获得了一株可以将大豆素转化为雌马酚的革兰氏阳性纤维状梭菌C1,以四环素为对照,研究梭菌C1对小鸡沙门氏菌攻毒的保护作用。结果表明,梭菌C1组和四环素组均具有降低肓肠内容物中沙门氏菌活菌数和促进小鸡生长的功能,推测梭菌C1具有开发为四环素替代品的潜能。虽然较高浓度的S 雌马酚（5 mg·mL-1）在体外对沙门氏菌有一定的抑制作用,梭菌C1也具有将大豆素转化为雌马酚的能力,但梭菌C1在体外对沙门氏菌的抑制作用并不明显,其益生机制还有待进一步研究。     

大豆异黄酮代谢产物——雌马酚的功能作用研究

雌马酚是大豆异黄酮的主要组分之一,是大豆素的代谢产物,有30%～50%的人能将大豆素转化为雌马酚,影响最重要的因素是肠道菌群,其他影响因素目前尚不完全清楚。雌马酚较其原型具有更为有效的生物学作用,因此受到普遍关注。研究和开发雌马酚的生物活性,在多种常见慢性病的预防与控制方面具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

补喂不同水平雌马酚对母绵羊生长性能、血浆中雌马酚含量与生殖激素水平以及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究补喂不同水平雌马酚对绵羊生长性能、血浆中雌马酚含量与生殖激素水平以及抗氧化能力的影响。试验选取年龄为2岁、平均体重为(36.73±2.42)kg的健康、体况相近的哈萨克母羊20只,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组,每组5只羊。各组试验羊在相同的饲养条件下饲养,在此基础上,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组每日每只分别补喂10、25、50 mg雌马酚,进行为期14 d的饲养试验。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,每日每只母绵羊补喂50 mg雌马酚可以显著或极显著提高平均日增重、平均日采食量(P<0.05或P<0.01),显著降低料重比(P<0.05)。2)补喂雌马酚后血浆中雌马酚含量呈先上升后下降趋势,在2.0~3.0 h时达到峰值。3)试验Ⅰ组血浆中睾酮(T)水平显著或极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组也显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但与试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组无显著差异(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组血浆中双氢睾酮(DHT)水平显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。4)血浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)与过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均以试验Ⅱ组最高,丙二醛(MDA)含量以试验Ⅱ组最低,与对照组的差异均达到显著或极显著水平(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由此得出,在本试验条件下,每日给每只母绵羊补喂50 mg雌马酚可以显著提高绵羊的生长性能;补喂雌马酚后2.0~3.0 h,母绵羊血浆中雌马酚含量达到峰值,并且随着补喂剂量的提高,血浆中高含量雌马酚的跨峰时间(即维持血浆高含量雌马酚的持续时间)也延长。每日给每只母绵羊补喂10和25 mg雌马酚可显著提高血浆中T和DHT水平。每日给每只母绵羊补喂25 mg雌马酚可显著提高机体抗氧化能力,效果优于补喂10、50 mg时。     

Protective effect of the isoflavone equol against DNA damage induced by ultraviolet radiation to hairless mouse skin

Equol, an isoflavonoid metabolite produced from the dietary isoflavone daidzein by the gut microflora in mammals, has been found to protect not only against ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced cutaneous inflammation and photoimmune suppression, but also have anti-photocarcinogenic properties in mice. Because the state of DNA damage has been correlated with suppression of the immune system and photocarcinogenesis, we have therefore examined the potential of equol to offer protection from solar-simulated UV (SSUV) radiation-induced DNA damage in hairless mice by the immunohistochemical approach using monoclonal antibody specific for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs; H3 antibody). Topical application of 20 µM equol lotion, which was applied both before and after SSUV significantly reduced the number of CPDs. This reduction was evident immediately after SSUV exposure, at 1 h after exposure, and at 24 h after exposure, revealing 54%, 50%, and 26% reduction in CPDs, respectively. When the same concentration was applied for 5 consecutive days after SSUV exposure, there was no significant difference in the reduction of CPDs immediately after SSUV irradiation or at 1 hour afterwards, but there were significant reductions of 23% and 42% at 24 and 48 h after SSUV exposure, respectively. Despite apparently reducing the number of CPDs post-SSUV, topically applied equol did not appear to increase the rate of dimer removal. To conclude, equol applied topically prior to SSUV irradiation offers protection against CPD formation in hairless mice, possibly by acting as a suncreen and thus inhibiting DNA photodamage.     

产雌马酚菌株发酵豆粕及产物提取工艺研究

利用实验室分离得到的产雌马酚菌株ZX-7发酵豆粕,确定该菌株可将豆粕中的大豆苷去除糖基生成大豆苷元,并可进一步降解为终产物雌马酚。通过单因素试验和正交试验比较,确定从发酵豆粕中提取大豆苷元及雌马酚的最佳工艺条件。     

雌马酚的产生、生物学功能及潜在应用

雌马酚(equol)是大豆异黄酮在动物肠道微生物菌群作用下的代谢产物之一,具有比大豆异黄酮更高的生物学活性。除了激素样作用外,雌马酚还具有抗氧化、免疫调控及保健功能,在畜禽上的研究表明其具有改善肉品质、缓解氧化应激的作用。本文主要从雌马酚的理化性质、产生与代谢、影响生成的因素、生物学功能及应用等方面来综述,旨在为雌马酚在畜禽上的科学应用提供思路。