红外相机技术在河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区中的应用

为了充实河北雾灵山自然保护区的野生动物资源本底资料,提高监测能力和监测水平,雾灵山保护区自2015年开始将红外相机技术应用到野生动植物的资源调查和管护中。目前应用红外相机技术发现兽类5目10科14种,鸟类4目6科10种,掌握了区内主要物种猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)、狍(Capreolus)和勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)的日活动节律,补充了保护区的本底调查资料,为保护区进一步开展金钱豹(Panthera pardus)、斑羚(Naemorhedus goral)和鸟类多样性等科学研究奠定了基础,为保护区制定关于野生动物资源的相关管护政策提供了科学依据。     

红鳞蒲桃开花物候特性研究

对红鳞蒲桃种群的花期物候，单株、单个花序、单花的开花动态进行系统的观测研究，详细测量并记录花部构件，同时调查红鳞蒲桃种群的同花期植物。结果表明：红鳞蒲桃种群的花期物候为8月1日～9月15日（2008年），持续时间46d；单株花期从23d到33d不等；单花序的花期情况较为复杂，总体表现为花朵数越多，该花序持续时间越长，但也有个别情况出现，在开花中期花序持续时间长，开花后期花序持续时间最短，开花前期花序持续时间介于两者之间；在整个种群花期内单花平均开花时间约5．2d，种群开花前期单花的持续时间约为6．7d，开花中期约为4．7d，末花期约为4．3d，种群开花前期单花的持续时间显著大于种群中后期的持续时间。红鳞蒲桃种群的同花期植物隶属于16科21属22种。     

我国部分地区ＮＤＶ的分子流行病学研究

本研究根据新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）Ｆ基因编码区１－３７４位核苷酸序列计算其遗传距离并给出了ＮＤＶ的系统发育进化树，将６８株ＮＤＶ分为９个基因型（３０株为国内分离株），其中Ⅰ－Ⅵ是早已存在的老基因型，Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ为新发现的基因型，特别是Ⅸ为我国特有的基因型（Ｆ４８ＥＯ、Ｍ３、ＨＬＪ－３、ＨeB-1P和ＮＭ－５）。１９９７－１９９９年我国云南、广西、甘肃、陕西、新疆等地分离的ＹＮ－１Ｐ、ＧＸ－３、Ｈ１、Ｈ２、Ｐ１、ＧＸ－１、ＧＸ－２、ＧＳ－３、ＳＨＸ－２、ＳＨＸ－３、ＳＨＸ－６、ＳＨＸ－７、ＸＪ－２和１９９１年分离的ＨuB-1均属于Ⅶ基因型，该基因型的病毒是９０年以来引起新城疫发生的主要病原。根据遗传距离和分离年代可将此基因型进一步划分为５个基因亚型，分别是Ⅶa、Ⅶb、Ⅶc、Ⅶd和Ⅶe。此外ＨuN-1/98、HLJ-4/95和ＨeH-1P属一个老的基因Ⅵ，１９７９－１９８５年分离自青海的ＱＨ－１、ＱＨ－２、ＱＨ－４属于一个新的基因型－Ⅷ型。可见在我国新城疫的流行是极其复杂的，既有老基因型的危害（Ⅰ－Ⅵ），又有新基因型（Ⅶ）的流行，更有我国独特Ⅷ和Ⅸ基因潜伏。     

全国甘蔗野生种质资源的采集和考察

１９８５～１９９３年在全国进行了甘蔗野生种质资源的采集和考察。采集到甘蔗亚族（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｎａｅ）内９个属１８个种的无性系共８２４份，种植在云南农业大学校园内（昆明黑龙潭），建立了甘蔗资源圃。考察了甘蔗属（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｕｍ）、蔗茅属（Ｅｒｉａｎｔｈｕｓ）、河八王属（Ｎａｒｅｎｇａ）和芒属（Ｍｉｓｃａｎｔｈｕｓ）中主要野生种的地理分布、开花期、形态特征、繁殖方式、生态适应性、锤度和种质流失的情况。探明了割手密（Ｓ．ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅｕｍＬ．）和斑茅（Ｓ．ａｒｕｎｄｉｎａｃｅｕｍＲｅｔｚ）的开花期与原产地纬度和海拔的相关，探索了割手密与蔗茅（Ｅ．ｆｕｌｖｕｓＮｅｅｓ）茎秆锤度与地理分布的联系。     

森林资源二类续档误差及原因分析

针对当前森林资源数据二类续档存在的问题,在对永安市大坑采育场大坑工区进行小班实地调查的基础上,以2003年初二类调查小班主要调查因子数据与1996年二类调查续档至2002年底数据进行对比,分析其误差及产生原因,并提出相关建议。     

A model to study the effect of certification of planting material on the occurrence of leek rust

Based on a simple model, the possible effects of certification of planting material on the occurrence of leek rust in a region can be derived from information on the proportion of infected fields (v) and the proportion of newly planted fields with infected planting material (i) in that region. Ifv i, certification of planting material will be highly effective.     

A seroepidemiological study on bluetongue virus in dairy cattle in the central valley of California

A seroepidemiological study on bluetongue virus (BTV) infection in California dairy cattle was conducted to estimate the prevalence and distribution by age and season of BTV group-reactive antibodies and to look for possible associations between the presence of antibodies and cattle age or breed and farm. Between December 1985 and March 1987, a sample of cattle was tested at approximately two-month intervals for BTV group-reactive antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data taken during the month of December 1986 were used to evaluate possible associations between a positive antibody test and certain intrinsic (age, breed) and extrinsic (farm) factors.Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses using the -square test for associations and multiple logistic regression, respectively, were carried out for possible associations between positive antibody tests to BTV and each factor of interest. The strengths of the associations were determined using estimates of the odds ratio.Of the 3774 serum samples tested, 238 (6.3%) were from calves, 1045 (27.6%) were from heifers and 2492 (66.0%) were from cows. Seroprevalence varied from nil in calves on two occasions to over 90% on several occasions in cows. Cows consistently had higher prevalence rates than heifers or calves across all test dates (p<0.05). The seroprevalence of BTV group-reactive antibodies also showed a seasonal fluctuation, with the highest rates occurring during the warmer months of the year. These highest prevalence rates coincided with heavy activity of the known vector of BTV, Culicoides spp. Breed and farm effects were not statistically significant (p>0.05). With the exception of one farm, all cattle were of the Holstein breed, which reduced confidence in assessing any breed effect in this study. Relative estimates of the sensitivity and specificity of BTV ELISA were 87% and 100% respectively, compared to the standard agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test.The observations support previous findings of seasonal distribution of BTV antibodies and suggest an age relationship, whereby older cattle are more likely to be positive to BTV group-reactive antibodies than younger cattle.     

Spatial epidemiology of the Asian honey bee mite (Varroa destructor) in the North Island of New Zealand

We describe the spatial epidemiology of Varroa destructor infestation among honey bee apiaries in the greater Auckland area of the North Island of New Zealand. The study population was comprised of 641 apiaries located within the boundaries of the study area on 11 April 2000. Cases were those members of the study population declared Varroa-infested on the basis of testing conducted between April and June 2000. The odds of Varroa was highest in apiaries in the area surrounding transport and storage facilities in the vicinity of Auckland International Airport. A mixed-effects geostatistical model, accounting for spatial extra-binomial variation in Varroa prevalence, showed a 17% reduction in the odds of an apiary being Varroa infested for each kilometre increase in the squared distance from the likely site of incursion (95% Bayesian credible interval 7–28%). The pattern of spatially autocorrelated risk that remained after controlling for the effect of distance from the likely incursion site identified areas thought to be ‘secondary’ foci of Varroa infestation initiated by beekeeper-assisted movement of infested bees. Targeted investigations within these identified areas indicated that the maximum rate of local spread of Varroa was in the order of 12 km/year (interquartile range 10–15 km/year).     

类鼻疽的研究进展

本文就类鼻疽(melioidosis)的流行病学,诊断方法,免疫机理,发病机理及治疗方法 进行了综述。为重视该病的研究提出了建议。     

Observations of Phytophthora spp. in Water Recirculation Systems in Commercial Hardy Ornamental Nursery Stock

Samples of water and sediment were taken from drains, reservoirs and wells from four commercial hardy ornamental nurseries with water recirculation systems. The samples were taken on seven different dates throughout a single year from August 1994 to July 1995. The samples were screened for Phytophthora species using five different methods: direct plating, three bait tests (using lupin seedlings, apples and Rhododendron leaves) and a DAS-ELISA (double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay) with two antisera. In the nurseries with old water recirculation systems, Phytophthora species were detected in the drains and in the reservoirs. In the nursery with a new recirculation system, the pathogens were only present in the drains. None of the water samples from wells in any of the nurseries were contaminated. Phytophthora species were present in the water as well as in the sediment samples from drains and reservoirs. They were detected in the water recirculation systems irrespective of the season. The number of isolates increased about sevenfold between late summer and spring. At least 12 different Phytophthora species were identified: some isolates were previously unrecorded species. The epidemiology of the pathogens in outdoor water recirculation systems as well as the importance of the results for commercial nurseries is discussed.