Emerging Marine Biotoxins in European Waters: Potential Risks and Analytical Challenges

Harmful algal blooms pose a challenge regarding food safety due to their erratic nature and forming circumstances which are yet to be disclosed. The best strategy to protect human consumers is through legislation and monitoring strategies. Global warming and anthropological intervention aided the migration and establishment of emerging toxin producers into Europe’s temperate waters, creating a new threat to human public health. The lack of information, standards, and reference materials delay effective solutions, being a matter of urgent resolution. In this work, the recent findings of the presence of emerging azaspiracids, spirolildes, pinnatoxins, gymnodimines, palitoxins, ciguatoxins, brevetoxins, and tetrodotoxins on European Coasts are addressed. The information concerning emerging toxins such as new matrices, locations, and toxicity assays is paramount to set the risk assessment guidelines, regulatory levels, and analytical methodology that would protect the consumers.     

土壤中新型肥料氮素淋失特征研究

氮素淋溶是农田氮素损失的重要途径,也是造成地下水硝酸盐污染的重要原因,研究土壤氮素淋失特征对预防地下水氮素污染具有十分重要的意义。该文采用室内土柱淋溶试验的方法,研究了新型肥料在土壤中的迁移及淋溶规律,分析了氮素淋溶的地球化学响应特征,并确定了各形态氮素淋失量。研究结果表明:尿素、缓释肥料、稳定性肥料处理氮素淋溶量差异显著,分别为208.66、131.95、125.24kg·hm-2,缓释和稳定性肥料的氮素淋失率分别为32.98%和31.31%,比尿素低19.15%和20.85%,说明缓释和稳定性肥料可以显著减少氮素的淋失及对地下水的污染。硝态氮、铵态氮、有机氮分别占氮素淋失量的49.89%~75.19%、6.48%~12.77%、14.92%~31.31%,说明硝态氮是氮素淋溶的主要形态,其次是有机氮和铵态氮。     

新工科背景下“食品分析”课程教学模式的改革探索

为培养新工科背景下食品分析检测人才,满足规模日益扩大的食品行业需求,在总结传统教学模式"重结果、轻过程、重理论、轻实践"等不足的基础上,提出了丰富授课模式、发挥政校企实践平台优势、完善考核评价体系等教学改革探索意见,为提高高校教学质量、培养食品类技术性人才提供参考和借鉴。     

Bluetongue Virus （BTV） Serological Survey and Evidence of Emergent BTV-8 Serotype in Morocco

Bluetongue （BT） is an infectious, non-contagious arthropod-borne disease that infects all ruminants, including sheep, cattle, deer, goats and camelids. Bluetongue virus （BTV） belonged to Reoviridae is ARN genome of 19 Kb. Twenty-six BTV serotypes have long been recognized, to be associated with severe disease in certain breeds of sheep, whereas cattle and goats are usually sub-clinically affected. Before 2004, BT was considered an exotic disease in Morocco, however, the first outbreak was observed in 2004 in sheep. This outbreak was caused by the isolated BTV-4. Two years later a BTV-1 emerged in Morocco. Both serotype 1 and serotype 4 circulated after 2007 across the country. The aims of the present work was to perform a serological study on sheep from different regions in Morocco in order to clarify the current BTV epidemiological situation and its evolution from 2009 to 2012, to determine the co-infection rate, and to confirm the possible circulation of other BTV Serotype mainly the BTV-8. All of 436 sera were tested by serum neutralization using reference strains. Results confirm the presence of BTV-4, BTV-1 and BTV-8. However, the present study report for the first time the emerging BTV-8 circulation in Morocco. Moreover, the founding reveal as well a higher co-infection rate in cattle compared to sheep.     

Assessment of molecular detection of Fusarium circinatum in insects and passive spore traps in Pinus radiata plantations

Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of pitch canker, a destructive disease that threatens natural and planted pine forests around the world. Although pitch canker has caused problems in Spain and Portugal, concerning Europe as a whole, the fungus is not established across the pine distribution area. Its dispersion by wind and/or insect vectors could nevertheless play a role in the colonization of currently uninfected stands. It is therefore crucial to develop monitoring tools for its detection. To this end, we assessed the molecular detection of the pathogen in environmental samples of bark beetles and passive spore traps, collected in two infected Pinus radiata plantations in Basque country, Spain. The spread pattern of F. circinatum was assessed by an experimental design that included insect and spore traps installed at the centre, at the edge and outside the plots. Our results showed that F. circinatum was detected in both types of samples, at almost all collection dates. In both type of samples, positive detections were mainly found at the centre of the plots, a lower proportion at the edge, and very few outside. This suggests that long‐distance dispersion of Fusarium circinatum does not rely on wind spore dispersal neither on insect flight. Our study also shows that molecular methods are a powerful tool to monitor the pathogen in environmental samples.     

Emerging Communication Technologies

ABSTRACT

In this age of personal computing and global telecommunication, we might define communication as the ability to acquire, process and convey information. Computer and telecommunication technologies, which are advancing at exponential rates, are greatly enhancing our ability to communicate. Within the next ten years, virtually every desk-top office worker will have a super personal computer on their desk, and broadband communication will be less demanding than a long distance call. These trends will reduce the ability to acquire, process, and exchange large volumes of information to a commodity routinely taken for granted. Universal access to this commodity will propel us into a new age of communication. All of humanity will benefit. Those who embrace this new age will lead and flourish; the rest will follow.     

Research Progress on Rapid Serological Assays for Diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis B

Japanese encephalitis B (JE) is a zoonosis caused by Japanese encephalitis virus which invades the central nervous system,infected by mosquito.Various animals could be the sower and reservoir of JE including swine,horse,cattle and avian.JE could cause a major public health trouble and a horrible crisis of the farm all in Asia and the Western Pacific region.Therefore,it is necessary to diagnose it rapidly and accurately.This review article made a sketch of approaches for the rapid serological assays of JE,including traditional method,emerging technologies and specific improvements of the assay,so as to provide references for the study of rapid,simple and accurate JE diagnose methods.     

玉米田杂草马唐的生长特性研究

在田间和室内条件下研究了马唐的生长特性。结果表明 ,马唐种子具有短期休眠 ,其出苗的适宜土壤深度为 0 .5～ 4 .0cm ;随着密度的增加和出苗时间的推迟 ,马唐的单株生长量逐渐下降。     

战略性新兴产业背景下高等学校专业结构调整分析

后金融危机时代，在大力发展战略性新兴产业背景下，必须加强高校专业结构调整力度。基于产业结构调整与高校专业结构调整之间的辩证互动关系和国外经验，新形势下，高校专业结构调整的基本原则是：动态、优势、特色和非均衡；其总体思路是，以学生为本，重视学生的个性发展。立足社会需要，努力打造能够适应时代变化和市场需求的高等学校专业课程体系。     

ECFA签署对两岸新兴产业的影响

在经济全球化的时代,为了加速经济发展,台湾当局推出"六大新兴产业规划",而大陆则提出了"七大新兴产业计划",两岸均把培育和发展新兴产业作为将来提升产业升级、开拓市场、促进经济发展的重要经济战略手段,并制定了相应的产业发展规划。该文介绍了ECFA签署的背景及主要内容,并从加快两岸新兴产业合作对接、促进两岸加强国际贸易、利于两岸改善投资环境以及有利于台湾稳定中国市场等方面阐述了ECFA的签订对两岸新兴产业合作发展的影响,具有积极的意义。