雏鸭铜中毒的实验观察

1日龄天府肉鸭健雏210只随机分为三组,分别喂给铜12.16mg/kg(对照或1组)、850mg/kg(2组)和1050mg/kg(3组)日粮7周。结果表明,后两组雏鸭分别于3周龄和2周龄开始出现临床症状,生长发育迟缓,并出现死亡;血红蛋白含量和红细胞数量显著低于对照组(p<0.05),红细胞变形、变性,大小不等;血清铜含量和肝铜含量极显著高于对照组(p<0.01)。     

蛋用型鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度与蛋黄脂肪酸含量的相关研究

蛋用型鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）浓度与蛋黄中各种脂肪酸相对含量的相关均很小。蛋黄脂肪的多聚不饱和脂肪酸对饱和脂肪酸的比例（Ｐ／Ｓ）较高（０．６１～０．６２），对血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度的正反选择均不会影响鸡蛋的这种优良品质     

Lysine requirements of Korean native ducklings for three weeks after hatch

Dietary lysine content in poultry diets is critical to improve feed utilization efficiency, body protein deposition rate, and carcass traits of growing and finishing poultry. The objective of the current study was to estimate the optimum digestible lysine requirements for maximum growth performance, efficient utilization of nitrogen, and carcass traits of male Korean native ducklings for 3 wk after hatch. A total of 720 one-day-old male Korean native ducklings were used in a completely randomized design having 8 dietary treatments to provide a range of digestible lysine content from 0.44 to 1.07%. Ducklings were randomly allotted to 24 floor pens (6 replicates per treatment and 15 ducklings per pen) and were offered the respective diets on an ad libitum basis for the period of study. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly to calculate feed conversion ratio. At the termination of the experiment, 2 ducklings per pen were euthanized via cervical dislocation to weigh empty body and drumsticks. The digestible lysine requirement was determined by taking a mean value after fitting the data to both linear-plateau and quadratic-plateau models. Digestible lysine requirements for Korean native ducklings for 3 wk after hatch were estimated to be 0.71, 0.74, 0.65 and 1.01% for maximum body weight, daily gain, and daily feed intake, and for minimum feed conversion ratio, respectively.     

Lysine, Methionine and Tryptophan Requirements of Beijing Ducklings of O-2 Weeks of Age

A feed trial was conducted with a total of 1 134 Beijing ducklings to study the optimum level of dietary lysine (Lys) (0.95,1.10, 1.25%), methionine (Met) (0.26, 0.46, 0.66%) and tryptophan (Trp) (0.20, 0.30, 0.40%) for those ducklings during aphase of 0-2 weeks. Ducklings were randomly allotted to 27 groups according to a 3 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement and fed a basal corn-soybean-peanut meal diet containing 20.26% CP, 12.45 MJ kg-1 ME. The results from this study indicate that Lys affected body weight (P＜0.01), feed intake (0-14 d) (P＜0.01), but had no effect on feed/gain (0-14 d) (P＞0.05), uric acid concentration (P ＞ 0.05). Methionine influenced body weight (P ＜ 0.01), feed/gain (P ＜ 0.05), and feed intake (P ＜ 0.01). Tryphtophan had no effect on indices measured. The requirement of the Lys and Met for Beijing ducklings of 0-2 weeks of age were 1.10 and 0.46%. The requirement of Trp for Beijing ducklings of 0-2 weeks of age was not more than 0.20%.     

牛磺酸对笼养蛋雏鸭生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究牛磺酸对笼养蛋雏鸭生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官发育的影响.试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选择健康1日龄金定蛋雏鸭240只,随机分为5个组(每个组6个重复,每个重复8只鸭),分别饲喂在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮基础上添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%牛磺酸的试验饲粮.试验期4周.结果表明:饲粮...     

植酸酶对肉鸭饲用原料钙与磷及其养分真利用率的影响

在18种常用肉鸭饲料原料中添加750 U/kg的植酸酶,通过鸭的强饲代谢试验来探究植酸酶对钙、磷及干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、能量等真利用率的改善程度。结果表明:与加酶前比较,加酶后供试原料的总磷真利用率的提高幅度为0.92%~17.29%,其中,对次粉2、麦麸、米糠、玉米总磷的提高幅度差异达到显著或极显著水平,分别为11.79%(P0.05)、8.46%(P0.05)、17.29%(P0.05)、16.33%(P0.01),其余原料的总磷真利用率均有不同程度的提高,但差异不显著(P0.05);对钙真利用率的提高幅度为2.74%~22.12%,其中,对碎米(早)、玉米皮、小麦、麦麸、棉粕的钙真利用率的提高作用显著(P0.05),分别为16.37%、17.12%、30.75%、21.40%、22.12%,对糙米(晚)的提高幅度最小,仅为2.74%,对其余原料的提高幅度均在5%以上;加酶后供试原料的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、能量真利用率的提高幅度分别为0.03%~14.60%,0.71%~27.05%,2.00%~37.69%、0.17%~10.07%;植酸酶对原料有效磷的改进值范围为0.02~2.60 g/kg。综合分析,在肉鸭饲料原料中添加750 U/kg的植酸酶,对钙、磷及干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪真利用率的改善效果较明显。     

北京肉仔鸭蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需要量研究

蛋氨酸和赖氨酸试验各4个处理 ,各设4个重复 ,每重复试验鸭14只。0～2周龄饲粮处理水平分别为 :蛋氨酸0.35 %、0.40 %、0.45 %和0.50 % ;赖氨酸0.80 %、0.90 %、1.00 %和1.10 %。2～5周龄饲粮处理水平为 :蛋氨酸0.25 %、0.30 %、0.35 %和0.40 %;赖氨酸0.55 %0.65 %、0.75 %和0.85 %。测定14日龄和35日龄试验鸭血清尿素氮和尿酸氮含量。结果表明 :(1)蛋氨酸0.35 %处理组的活重和增重显著低于其它各处理组 (P<0.05) ,0.40 %处理组显著低于0.45 %和0.50 %处理组(P<0.05)。饲料报酬0.35 %组显著低于0.50 %处理组。(2)蛋氨酸0.25 %组5周龄体重显著低于其它处理 (P<0.05) ;2～5周龄体增重0.25 %组显著低于0.35 %和0.40 %组(P<0.05)。2～5周龄饲料报酬检验差异不显著 (P>0.05)。0～2周龄和2～5周龄各蛋氨酸水平饲料采食量差异不显著 (P>0.05)。 (3)2周龄体重和0～2周龄体增重以饲粮0.80 %赖氨酸水平组显著低于其它处理 (P<0.05) ,饲料报酬差异不显著 (P>0.05)。 (4)5周龄体重和2～5周龄增重0.55 %处理组显著低于其他处理 (P<0.05) ;2～5周龄饲料报酬0.55 %与0.65 %、0.75 %、0.85 %处理间差异显著 (P<0.05) ,采食量无显著差异 (P>0.05)。 (5)0～2周龄饲粮蛋氨酸各处理对14日龄试验鸭血清尿素氮和尿酸氮无显著影     

蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的建立

试验旨在建立蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征病理模型。选取5日龄的海兰褐蛋鸡公雏280只，随机分为对照组（基础日粮组）和3个模型组（A、B、C组），试验第1~10天给模型组饲喂不同配比的高脂饲料，第11~20天饲喂常规基础日粮，每天观察并记录试验鸡精神状态、外观体征、饮水量和食欲情况，试验第0、10、20天从各组随机抽取15只鸡进行翅静脉采血并剖取肝脏和腹脂，测定肝脏系数、肝脂率、腹脂率，血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）水平。结果显示，试验第10天，3个模型组剖检时可见腹腔和肠系膜有大量的脂肪沉积，肝脏系数、肝脂率和腹脂率，以及血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶指标均符合鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的诊断标准；试验第20天，模型A、B组谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶水平有所恢复，其他指标仍高于对照组，而模型C组的临床症状和各项检测指标仍符合鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的诊断标准。因此采用连续饲喂高脂饲料C（74.5%基础日粮、6%胆固醇、14%猪油、5%蔗糖、0.5%丙基硫氧嘧啶）可成功建立蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征模型。     

祖代蛋种鸡的强制换羽试验

将4358只健康的63周龄罗曼褐祖代D系蛋用种鸡依其在舍内原来所处位置分为4组(D1、D2、D3和D4)进行强制换羽。D3和D4两组于断料后的前3天每只每天补饲石粉15g,D1和D2组不补加;恢复正常后喂料D2和D4两组使用预产鸡料lld,转为产蛋期料,D1和D3两组在恢复喂料后第20天直接由育成鸡料转换为产蛋鸡料。结果在断料后产蛋率降低幅度方面的大小顺序为D1、D2、D4、D3;断料期间各组体重降低速度方面无显著差异,但恢复喂料后D4的体重增长速度明显高于其他3组;恢复喂料后第3～6周内平均产蛋率由高到低依次为D2、D4、D3和D1;平均蛋重各组间无显著差异;停料期间及恢复喂料早期的死淘率D3明显低于其他3组,D4次之,D2最高。综合来看,以断料之初补饲3d石粉、恢复喂料期间使用预产鸡料的处理效果最好。     

Dynamics of yolk sac content absorption and intestine development in ducklings fed mixtures with increasing dietary methionine level

The experiment was carried out with ducklings fed-control feed mixture (Met level 0.3%) and mixtures supplemented with dl-methionine at the dose of 0.03 (II); 0.07 (III) 0.12 (IV) and 0.18% (V). In 5 h post-hatch (12 birds) and on days 3, 4, 6 always 18 birds were taken out from each treatment and killed, then the yolk sac (YS) and intestine were removed. The weight and chemical composition of YS residues (in them also amino acids) were analysed. Moreover on days 1, 3, 4 and 6, the amino acid pattern of YS residual protein was elaborated as well as length and weight of intestine were recorded. Increased doses of supplemental Met improved body weight gain after 4 days of ducklings life. All determined parameters were not affected by treatment. Development of intestines, yolk sac weight and yolk sac composition (DM, fat, protein, amino acid composition) changed with age; however, without any clear effect from dietary methionine level. No differences between sex and analysed parameters were stated.