雏鸭铜中毒的实验观察

1日龄天府肉鸭健雏210只随机分为三组,分别喂给铜12.16mg/kg(对照或1组)、850mg/kg(2组)和1050mg/kg(3组)日粮7周。结果表明,后两组雏鸭分别于3周龄和2周龄开始出现临床症状,生长发育迟缓,并出现死亡;血红蛋白含量和红细胞数量显著低于对照组(p<0.05),红细胞变形、变性,大小不等;血清铜含量和肝铜含量极显著高于对照组(p<0.01)。     

Lysine requirements of Korean native ducklings for three weeks after hatch

Dietary lysine content in poultry diets is critical to improve feed utilization efficiency, body protein deposition rate, and carcass traits of growing and finishing poultry. The objective of the current study was to estimate the optimum digestible lysine requirements for maximum growth performance, efficient utilization of nitrogen, and carcass traits of male Korean native ducklings for 3 wk after hatch. A total of 720 one-day-old male Korean native ducklings were used in a completely randomized design having 8 dietary treatments to provide a range of digestible lysine content from 0.44 to 1.07%. Ducklings were randomly allotted to 24 floor pens (6 replicates per treatment and 15 ducklings per pen) and were offered the respective diets on an ad libitum basis for the period of study. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly to calculate feed conversion ratio. At the termination of the experiment, 2 ducklings per pen were euthanized via cervical dislocation to weigh empty body and drumsticks. The digestible lysine requirement was determined by taking a mean value after fitting the data to both linear-plateau and quadratic-plateau models. Digestible lysine requirements for Korean native ducklings for 3 wk after hatch were estimated to be 0.71, 0.74, 0.65 and 1.01% for maximum body weight, daily gain, and daily feed intake, and for minimum feed conversion ratio, respectively.     

Lysine, Methionine and Tryptophan Requirements of Beijing Ducklings of O-2 Weeks of Age

A feed trial was conducted with a total of 1 134 Beijing ducklings to study the optimum level of dietary lysine (Lys) (0.95,1.10, 1.25%), methionine (Met) (0.26, 0.46, 0.66%) and tryptophan (Trp) (0.20, 0.30, 0.40%) for those ducklings during aphase of 0-2 weeks. Ducklings were randomly allotted to 27 groups according to a 3 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement and fed a basal corn-soybean-peanut meal diet containing 20.26% CP, 12.45 MJ kg-1 ME. The results from this study indicate that Lys affected body weight (P＜0.01), feed intake (0-14 d) (P＜0.01), but had no effect on feed/gain (0-14 d) (P＞0.05), uric acid concentration (P ＞ 0.05). Methionine influenced body weight (P ＜ 0.01), feed/gain (P ＜ 0.05), and feed intake (P ＜ 0.01). Tryphtophan had no effect on indices measured. The requirement of the Lys and Met for Beijing ducklings of 0-2 weeks of age were 1.10 and 0.46%. The requirement of Trp for Beijing ducklings of 0-2 weeks of age was not more than 0.20%.     

牛磺酸对笼养蛋雏鸭生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究牛磺酸对笼养蛋雏鸭生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官发育的影响.试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选择健康1日龄金定蛋雏鸭240只,随机分为5个组(每个组6个重复,每个重复8只鸭),分别饲喂在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮基础上添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%牛磺酸的试验饲粮.试验期4周.结果表明:饲粮...     

植酸酶对肉鸭饲用原料钙与磷及其养分真利用率的影响

在18种常用肉鸭饲料原料中添加750 U/kg的植酸酶,通过鸭的强饲代谢试验来探究植酸酶对钙、磷及干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、能量等真利用率的改善程度。结果表明:与加酶前比较,加酶后供试原料的总磷真利用率的提高幅度为0.92%~17.29%,其中,对次粉2、麦麸、米糠、玉米总磷的提高幅度差异达到显著或极显著水平,分别为11.79%(P0.05)、8.46%(P0.05)、17.29%(P0.05)、16.33%(P0.01),其余原料的总磷真利用率均有不同程度的提高,但差异不显著(P0.05);对钙真利用率的提高幅度为2.74%~22.12%,其中,对碎米(早)、玉米皮、小麦、麦麸、棉粕的钙真利用率的提高作用显著(P0.05),分别为16.37%、17.12%、30.75%、21.40%、22.12%,对糙米(晚)的提高幅度最小,仅为2.74%,对其余原料的提高幅度均在5%以上;加酶后供试原料的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、能量真利用率的提高幅度分别为0.03%~14.60%,0.71%~27.05%,2.00%~37.69%、0.17%~10.07%;植酸酶对原料有效磷的改进值范围为0.02~2.60 g/kg。综合分析,在肉鸭饲料原料中添加750 U/kg的植酸酶,对钙、磷及干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪真利用率的改善效果较明显。     

北京肉仔鸭蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需要量研究

蛋氨酸和赖氨酸试验各4个处理 ,各设4个重复 ,每重复试验鸭14只。0～2周龄饲粮处理水平分别为 :蛋氨酸0.35 %、0.40 %、0.45 %和0.50 % ;赖氨酸0.80 %、0.90 %、1.00 %和1.10 %。2～5周龄饲粮处理水平为 :蛋氨酸0.25 %、0.30 %、0.35 %和0.40 %;赖氨酸0.55 %0.65 %、0.75 %和0.85 %。测定14日龄和35日龄试验鸭血清尿素氮和尿酸氮含量。结果表明 :(1)蛋氨酸0.35 %处理组的活重和增重显著低于其它各处理组 (P<0.05) ,0.40 %处理组显著低于0.45 %和0.50 %处理组(P<0.05)。饲料报酬0.35 %组显著低于0.50 %处理组。(2)蛋氨酸0.25 %组5周龄体重显著低于其它处理 (P<0.05) ;2～5周龄体增重0.25 %组显著低于0.35 %和0.40 %组(P<0.05)。2～5周龄饲料报酬检验差异不显著 (P>0.05)。0～2周龄和2～5周龄各蛋氨酸水平饲料采食量差异不显著 (P>0.05)。 (3)2周龄体重和0～2周龄体增重以饲粮0.80 %赖氨酸水平组显著低于其它处理 (P<0.05) ,饲料报酬差异不显著 (P>0.05)。 (4)5周龄体重和2～5周龄增重0.55 %处理组显著低于其他处理 (P<0.05) ;2～5周龄饲料报酬0.55 %与0.65 %、0.75 %、0.85 %处理间差异显著 (P<0.05) ,采食量无显著差异 (P>0.05)。 (5)0～2周龄饲粮蛋氨酸各处理对14日龄试验鸭血清尿素氮和尿酸氮无显著影     

Dynamics of yolk sac content absorption and intestine development in ducklings fed mixtures with increasing dietary methionine level

The experiment was carried out with ducklings fed-control feed mixture (Met level 0.3%) and mixtures supplemented with dl-methionine at the dose of 0.03 (II); 0.07 (III) 0.12 (IV) and 0.18% (V). In 5 h post-hatch (12 birds) and on days 3, 4, 6 always 18 birds were taken out from each treatment and killed, then the yolk sac (YS) and intestine were removed. The weight and chemical composition of YS residues (in them also amino acids) were analysed. Moreover on days 1, 3, 4 and 6, the amino acid pattern of YS residual protein was elaborated as well as length and weight of intestine were recorded. Increased doses of supplemental Met improved body weight gain after 4 days of ducklings life. All determined parameters were not affected by treatment. Development of intestines, yolk sac weight and yolk sac composition (DM, fat, protein, amino acid composition) changed with age; however, without any clear effect from dietary methionine level. No differences between sex and analysed parameters were stated.     

Evaluation of dietary methionine requirement of male Korean native ducks for 3 weeks post‐hatching

A total of 336 1‐day‐old male Korean native ducks (KND) were used in a completely randomized design with seven dietary methionine levels (0.30–0.90% with 0.1% increment) to determine the methionine requirement of male Korean native ducks for 3 weeks after hatching. Each dietary treatment had six replicates with eight ducklings per pen. One duckling from each pen (n = 6) was sacrificed to weigh empty body and drumsticks at the end of the experiment. Final body weight and weight gain of 3 weeks old KND were increased with increasing dietary methionine levels up to 0.4%, and then decreased (P < 0.05) with a further increasing dietary methionine level. In contrast, feed conversion ratio of the KND decreased up to 0.4% and increased (P < 0.05) with the increasing dietary methionine level. Both empty body weight and proportions of empty body weight were linearly increased (P < 0.05) while the dietary methionine level elevated up to 0.4%. Estimated dietary methionine requirement for maximum body weights, daily gain and minimum feed conversion ratio were 0.36, 0.39 and 0.40%, respectively, when it was fitted into linear‐ and quadratic‐plateau models.     

Effects of vitamin C supplementation on growth performance and antioxidant status of layer ducklings

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary vitamin C supplements on growth performance, antioxidant status and humoral immunity of layer ducklings. The results showed that the body weight and daily body weight gain of ducklings increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary vitamin C supplementations and reached a maximum at 400 mg vitamin C/kg feed. The dietary vitamin C supplementations reduced the malondialdehyde concentration (p < 0.05) and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05) in serum and liver of ducklings at day 5 and 28. Additionally, feeding 400 mg/kg or 800 mg vitamin C/kg feed increased IgM and IgA concentrations in sera (p < 0.05) and serum IgG concentrations increased (p < 0.05) following supplementation in concentrations of 150-800 mg vitamin C/kg feed. In conclusion, the results suggested that dietary vitamin C supplements of 400 mg/kg feed provide optimal effects on growth performance, antioxidant status and parameters of humoral immunity.     

维生素C对笼养蛋雏鸭的生产性能和机体抗氧化能力的影响

本文旨在研究玉米-豆粕型日粮添加不同水平维生素C(VC)对笼养蛋鸭育雏期(1～28日龄)的生产性能和抗氧化能力的影响.试验采用单因素随机分组设计的方法,选用1日龄平均体重相近的金定蛋雏鸭288只,随机分为6组(各处理日粮中分别添加VC 0、150、300、400、800、1 400 mg/kg),每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸭,结果表明:①在笼养蛋鸭育雏期添加150～1 400 mg/kg VC能显著提高日增重、饲料效率和抗氧化能力,显著降低丙二醛(MDA)的浓度(P<0.05).②5日龄,日粮添加800 mg/kg VC时血清和肝脏中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的活性最高;28日龄,日粮添加300～400 mg/kg VC时血清和肝脏中SOD、CAT和T-AOC活力较高;28日龄血清和肝脏抗氧化指标高于5日龄.③大剂量的VC对蛋鸭的生产性能和机体的抗氧化指标都有降低的趋势.因此在本试验条件下得出:笼养蛋雏鸭日粮中适当添加VC可提高生产性能和机体抗氧化能力,1～5日龄日粮添加VC 800 mg/kg,6～28日龄添加VC 300～400 mg/kg为适宜.