冬春季莱芜黑山羊松果体功能状态的免疫组织化学比较

应用5-HT免疫组织化学染色法，对冬春两季的莱芜黑山羊松果体进行了观察比较，以探讨松果体与下丘脑垂体-性腺轴的关系。结果显示，莱芜黑山羊松果体内存在大量5-HT阳性的松果体细胞及5-HT纤维；冬季松果体阳性细胞面积及阳性面积比都明显大于春季（P〈0．01），平均光密度在冬、春季间无明显差异（P〉0．05）。表明莱芜黑山羊松果体的功能活动呈现季节性变化，与羊的繁殖活动关系密切。     

甲状腺球蛋白免疫组化对甲状腺肿瘤的诊断价值

用免疫组化A B C法对60例甲状腺病理标本进行了甲状腺球蛋白检查,结果表明源于甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞的肿瘤,均呈阳性或弱阳性反应。大部分甲状腺癌呈弱阳性反应。作者认为甲状腺球蛋白可作为鉴别甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞源性与非滤泡上皮细胞源性的良好标记。     

Mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis in Mink with Encephalitozoonosis

Renal specimens from 6 mink with encephalitozoonosis were studied by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The glomeruli of affected kidneys had a mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis which was characterized by an increase in mesangial cells and matrix in most glomeruli. Some glomeruli were partially or completely sclerosed. There were protein or granular casts in the cortical and medullary tubules. Interstitial nephritis, vasculitis and tubular cysts were found. Electron microscopy demonstrated extensive matrix and increased cellularity in the mesangial areas. Glomeruli showed segmentally thickened or wrinkled capillary basement membranes. Electron dense deposits were found in the glomerular basement membranes and mesangium. Peroxidase-anti-peroxidase immunohistochemistry demonstrated that IgG and IgM positive material was present as granular deposits in the glomerular basement membrane and occasionally in the mesangium.     

水泡性口炎病毒人工感染小白鼠的组织学和免疫组织化学观察

水泡性口炎病毒（VSV）具有广泛的宿主范围，临床血清学调查发现，许多动物表现为血清阳性[1]，可以感染多种试验动物和禽类。感染动物大多数表现为阴性感染和持续性感染，本试验以小白鼠为攻毒对象，探讨VSV在体内的致病作用，进一步了解病毒在机体内的分布及其所引起的组织病理学变化。     

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of granulosa cells during different stages of folliculogenesis in bovine ovaries

Bovine granulosa cells (GC) vary in their morphological aspect during different stages of folliculogenesis. In this study, 10 morphologically normal bovine ovaries were collected to study the structural aspects of different stages of GC using intermediate filament protein antibodies including cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (AE1/AE3), vimentin, nectin‐4 and desmin. Hormonal immunolocalization was assessed using the immunomarkers anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin alpha. In addition, tumour markers and proliferation markers using c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, respectively, were investigated. The immunolabelling of AE1/AE3 in GC was strongest in the early follicle stage and gradually decreased when reaching the Graafian follicle stage. Its immunolabelling increased again as the stage progressed from stage I to stage III. The immunolabelling of inhibin alpha was inversely proportional to that of AE1/AE3 in the developing ovarian follicles as their immunolabelling is opposite to each other during folliculogenesis. AMH was immunopositive in almost all GC stages in different intensities and percentages, except for some negative staining in the atretic IV follicles. The atretic IV follicle is a unique type of atretic follicle that shows Call‐Exner body formation, which was mainly found in older cows in this study. The distinct patterns of immunoreactivity for various types of immunomarkers in the different GC stages will play an important role in diagnostic assistance of various follicle conditions, including cystic ovaries and GC tumours.     

Selected pathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes associated with an infection by Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) (Cestoda) plerocercoids in Coregonus lavaretus (L.) (Coregonidae)

The pathological changes induced by an infection of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) plerocercoids in powan, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), from Loch Lomond, Scotland, were assessed using immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques. In a sample of 26 powan, the occurrence of encysted plerocercoids of D. dendriticum on the outer surface of the stomach was 38.5% (n = 10) with the number of cysts ranging from 4 to 15 and measuring 4.2 +/- 1.0 mm x 3.4 +/- 0.9 mm (mean +/- SD). Histological examination of intestinal samples also revealed plerocercoids (2-21) encapsulated within a proliferation of mesenteric fibrous tissues of the gastric wall and, occasionally, by the gut lamina propria-submucosa and lamina muscularis. In section, cysts were tri-layered and were formed from a series of concentric whorls of fibroblast and collagen fibre-based connective elements. The extent of necrosis within each muscle layer and the serosa of the stomach differed, notably within the latter that was marked by a chronic inflammatory reaction and fibrosis. Within the cyst and around it, a large number of degranulating mast cell/eosinophilic granule cells were seen, in addition to melano-macrophage centres. Immunohistochemical staining of sections of infected stomach revealed a high density of elements, in close proximity to plerocercoids, staining positive for serotonin, bombesin, substance P and galanin. Uninfected material did not present the same levels of activity. Sections through both infected and uninfected tissue were also tested for elements containing vasoactive intestinal peptide, met-enkephalin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y and nitric oxide synthase, but these were absent.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒对4月龄莱芜黑猪的致病性分析

本试验旨在探讨高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)对地方品种猪的致病特点。将HP-PRRSV经滴鼻感染4月龄健康莱芜黑猪,观察接毒后的表现,于接毒不同时期颈静脉采血,ELISA试剂盒(IDEXX)检测外周血血清抗体水平的动态变化,定期剖杀,采集相关的器官组织制备组织切片,HE染色,观察不同组织的动态病理学变化,免疫组化染色检测病原在不同组织中的分布。结果表明,攻毒后第2天便出现一定的临床症状,但持续2d后症状就基本消失,感染猪未见死亡。攻毒后5d便可检测到抗体阳性(1/7),14d抗体达峰值。攻毒后3d便可见间质性肺炎,轻微的病毒性脑炎,实质器官颗粒变性;攻毒后7d出现典型的间质性肺炎、淋巴组织坏死、各段肠管大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润及实质器官出现空泡变性。在攻毒后2～4周内,肺一直表现典型的间质性肺炎,病毒性脑炎逐渐加重,肾上腺变性坏死,胰腺轻微的炎性细胞浸润,甲状腺轻微充血、出血,实质器官出现严重的空泡变性。PRRSV抗原阳性信号出现在淋巴组织(淋巴结、脾、扁桃体)、气管、心、肝、肺、肾、胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、甲状腺、肾上腺、颌下腺、子宫、大脑及小脑内;盲肠、结肠、直肠、膀胱、胰腺、输卵管及卵巢均未见到阳性信号。阳性信号主要位于感染细胞的胞质中,偶尔出现在核内。试验结果表明:HP-PRRSV人工感染4月龄莱芜黑猪具有广泛的组织嗜性,并导致广泛的组织损伤,但临床症状表现轻微,未见死亡现象,4月龄莱芜黑猪对HP-PRRSV感染具有较强的抵抗力。试验结果为进一步研究HP-PRRSV对我国地方猪与外源品种猪的致病性差异提供了一定的理论依据。     

促凋亡基因(Bad)在卵泡期绵羊生殖器官中的表达

以卵泡期小尾寒羊和萨福克羊为研究对象,采用免疫组织化学技术,对促凋亡基因(Bad)在生殖器官卵巢、输卵管和子宫中的表达与定位进行初步研究。结果表明,在卵巢组织中Bad基因在原始卵泡、初级卵泡和次级卵泡中呈中度着染,在三级卵泡中呈轻度着染,阳性细胞在卵泡上皮细胞和颗粒细胞中分散分布,呈轻度着染;输卵管上皮分泌细胞和部分纤毛细胞胞质中见Bad基因中等强度表达,输卵管壶腹部上皮中,Bad基因多表达于分泌细胞,纤毛细胞中有部分呈阳性且强度弱,宫管结合部、峡部和壶腹部Bad基因阳性细胞染色强度弱,均呈中度着染;子宫内膜子叶和基质中的阳性细胞数量极少,阳性细胞呈轻度着色。利用计算机图像分析技术测量小尾寒羊和萨福克羊生殖器官各组织细胞中Bad基因表达的阳性细胞率和平均光密度,结果Bad基因在这2品种绵羊组织中的表达规律大体相似,但也存在一些明显的差异:萨福克羊三级卵泡颗粒细胞Bad基因阳性细胞率显著高于小尾寒羊(P0.01);萨福克羊三级卵泡和成熟卵泡膜细胞Bad基因阳性细胞率和平均光密度均显著高于小尾寒羊(P0.01);萨福克羊子宫内膜腺体卵泡期Bad基因阳性细胞平均光密度显著高于小尾寒羊(P0.01);由此表明,小尾寒羊和萨福克羊卵泡期生殖器官中细胞凋亡的差异与Bad基因表达的差异,可能是造成两者繁殖力高低差异的基础。     

多药耐药相关蛋白2在健康和大肠杆菌感染SD大鼠肝脏和肠组织中的定位及mRNA表达水平

本研究旨在探讨多药耐药相关蛋白2(MRP2)在健康和感染大肠杆菌的SD大鼠肝脏、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和结肠中的分布特点和mRNA表达水平.选用健康成年SD大鼠20只,随机分成健康对照组和大肠杆菌感染组,采用免疫组织化学和荧光定量PCR的方法检测了MRP2在大鼠肝脏和肠组织中的定位与表达.结果显示:MRP2在健康和感染大鼠不同组织中均有分布,主要见于肝脏的胆管面(肝脏毛细胆管的细胞膜)、肝脏门静脉区和各肠段的肠黏膜层,但蛋白表达水平不同.健康组大鼠MRP2在肝脏毛细胆管的细胞膜分布比门静脉区附近广泛,在肝脏毛细胆管的细胞膜和门 静脉区表达均为强阳性;在十二指肠和空肠的表达为强阳性,在回肠和结肠表达为阳性;与健康组相比,MRP2在感染组大鼠的蛋白表达水平均较弱,主要表现为十二指肠和空肠为阳性,回肠和结肠中为弱阳性,肝细胞的胆管面为阳性,肝脏门静脉区附近呈弱阳性.MRP2的mRNA在健康和大肠杆菌感染大鼠的肝脏和肠组织中均有表达,但表达水平也存在差异.与健康组大鼠相比,MRP2 mRNA表达量在大肠杆菌感染组大鼠肝脏和小肠中显著下调(P＜0.05).SD大鼠感染大肠杆菌后可引起肝脏、小肠组织中MRP2在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达下调.