Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Erythrocyte Lipid Peroxidation as Indices of Selenium and Vitamin E Status in Young Pigs

A randomized, blocked 2³ factorial experiment was conducted with 48 pigs from sows fed a diet low in selenium and vitamin E. From 3 to 12 weeks of age the piglets were kept in single pens and fed a basic diet consisting mostly of barley, dried skim milk, soybean meal and dried yeast, and containing 55 µg selenium and 3 mg vitamin E per kg. The treatment factors — i.e. feed supplements — were 2 levels of Se (nil, 60 µg/kg), 2 levels of vitamin E (nil, 50 mg/kg), and 2 levels of the feed antioxidant ethoxyquin (nil, 150 mg/kg). Blood samples, collected at termination of the experiment, were examined for glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and resistance against erythrocyte lipid peroxidation (ELP) to evaluate Se and vitamin E status, respectively. Analysis of variance showed the GSH-Px activity to be litter-dependent (P < 0.001) and influenced by selenium supplementation (P < 0.001) but not by the other supplements or by interactions between supplements. Resistance against ELP was influenced only by vitamin E supplementation (P < 0.001). GSH-Px and ELP thus seem to be valuable and simple methods for evaluating, respectively, Se status and vitamin E status in growing pigs.     

Selenium and vitamin E deficiency in pigs. II. Influence on plasma selenium, vitamin E, ASAT and ALAT and on tissue selenium.

The effect of dietary selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit. E) in pigs on Se and Vit. E in plasma and on Se in tissue from liver, heart, m. long, dorsi and m. psoas major was studied; and furthermore was the influence on the enzymes ASAT and ALAT studied.Two levels of Se were used, 0.03 and 0.06 mg Se per kg feed. Within each Se level 2 levels of Vit. E were used, 15 and 45 i. u. per kg feed. This resulted in 4 groups: 1. low Se and low Vit. E; 2. low Se and high Vit. E; 3. high Se and low Vit. E; 4. high Se and high Vit. E.Ten% of all pigs fed low Se, and 4% of the pigs fed low Se and high Vit. E diet died with severe symptoms of Se deficiency. None of the pigs fed the high Se diet died with such symptoms. Plasma Se determinations have been shown to indicate the Se status in pigs almost as accurately as liver Se determination. ASAT and ALAT enzyme determinations were not of any diagnostic value.There was a good agreement between dietary Vit. E level and the corresponding levels in plasma. Oxidized herring oil seems to enhance the Vit. E need.     

Clinico-Pathologic Findings in Young Pigs Fed Different Levels of Selenium,Vitamin E and Antioxidant

A randomized, blocked 2³ factorial experiment was conducted with 48 young pigs. The treatment factors were: 2 levels of selenium (55 and 115 µg/kg), 2 levels of vitamin E (3 and 53 mg/kg) and 2 levels of the antioxidant feed additive Ethoxyquin (0 and 150 mg/kg). All pigs were kept in single pens and fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period of 9 weeks, i.e. from 3 to 12 weeks of age.Plasma, heart, liver and muscle Se levels as well as whole blood glutathione peroxidase activity (EC 1.11.1.9 GSH-Px) were significantly higher in pigs given a dietary supplement of Se than in pigs given no supplement of Se (P ≤ 0.001). The Se-supplemented pigs showed a tendency to lower mean serum transaminase activity (ASAT and ALAT) than unsupplemented pigs, but the influence was significant (P ≤ 0.05) only for the ALAT activity.Blood vit. E levels were higher for pigs receiving a supplement of vit. E than for unsupplemented pigs (P ≤ 0.001), and so was the resistance of red blood cells against lipid peroxidation (ELP), as expressed by lower ELP values.There were no effects of Ethoxyquin supplementation on the biochemical variables included in the study.The histological examination of heart muscle showed that the score for changes was negatively influenced by both Se and vit. E supplement (P ≤ 0.001) and to some extent also by Ethoxyquin supplement (P ≤ 0.05). The histological picture of m. long dorsi was influenced only by the vit. E supplement (P ≤ 0.01). No histological changes were found in the liver in this study. There were inverse relationships between whole blood GSH-Px defluorescence time and blood Se, and between ELP and whole blood vit. E (P ≤ 0.001).     

石河子市售蔬菜硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐含量状况及食用卫生评价

本文对石河子市２７种１２７个蔬菜样品中硝酸盐。亚硝酸盐的含量状况进行了调查分析，并参考世界卫生组织（ＷＨＯ）建议的硝酸盐日允许量（ＡＤＩ）值，进行了食用卫生评价。     

北红尾鸲繁殖习性及食性研究

北红尾鸲在辽宁省为夏候鸟,居留期长达半年。以多种昆虫为食,这些昆虫多为农林业的重要害虫,在抑制森林虫害的发生,维持自然生态平衡方面有较重要的作用。通过在宽甸县白石砬子自然保护区的观察,报道了该鸟的求偶与交尾、营巢与产卵,孵卵与育雏等繁殖习性,并对雏鸟的生长变化及食性进行了观察与分析。有助于对该鸟的生态进行深入研究和人工招引与利用。     

试论中国古代的“农牧结合”

the food is the foundation of human's survival and development.With developing of history and changing of conditions,the content and configuration of Chinese food experience their development course,and the Chinese nutrition concept is changed.This is just the negation of negation or developing of the useful and discarding of the useless on tradition under new situation after new examination.     

高蛋白食疗面条对高血压高血脂及糖尿病的临床研究

食疗是祖国医学药膳中的一个重要组成部分，我们根据这一原理，以高蛋白面粉配以能药食两用的中草药，研制成高蛋白食疗面条，两年来对于高血压、高血脂及糖尿病患者进行食用治疗．取得显著疗效。     

中药保肝解毒汤对欧鳗(Anguilla anguilla)实验性肝病保护作用的酶学机理研究

研究了由茵陈、龙胆、甘草、大黄及栀子组成的中药制剂保肝解毒汤对实验性肝病欧鳗血清转氨酶、肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响。健康组欧鳗养于清水中，4个处理组先暴露于0．12mg／LCu^2＋溶液4d，其中一组作为阳性空白对照组不治疗，其余3组为中药治疗组，即保肝解毒汤治疗低剂量组（200mg／L）、保肝解毒汤治疗高剂量组（400mg／L）和降酶灵（所含成分为五昧子）治疗对照组（100mg／L），分别在水和相应药液中处理4d。结果显示：阳性空白对照组欧鳗与健康组相比，血清转氨酶AST、ALT活性极显著升高（P〈0．01），肝脏抗氧化酶CAT、GSH-Px活性受抑制（P〈0．01），SOD活性受诱导（P〈0．05）。各治疗组与阳性空白对照组相比，AST、ALT活性回落明显（Pd0．01）；CAT、GSH-Px活性显著升高（P〈0．01），并接近或超过健康组水平；SOD活性则在已有明显升高的基础上，得到进一步增强，其中以治疗低剂量组和治疗对照组最为显著（P〈0．01）。本研究表明该中药制剂具有良好的抗肝损伤及恢复肝功能作用，可用于治疗欧鳗的中毒性肝病。     

谈英译中医食疗要诀的“韵”

通过与《药食同源——小议中医食疗的翻译》作者江楠的商榷,讨论了英译中医食疗要诀“韵”的问题。经过分析、对比原译与笔者的改译,笔者否定了无韵的“直译”,认为只要通过大量实践,刻苦钻研,虚心向前辈名家学习,与英谚无直接或间接对应的中医食疗要诀不但是可以译的,还可以在达到保持原文信度的基础上,用押韵来追求音美与形合,译出与原文要诀均等的效果。     

析维吾尔族饮食文化中的民族性格

本文通过对维吾尔族的饮食习俗和饮食文化进行简单的分析,进而认识和探讨蕴含在其中的民族性格和民族情感。并为民族文化研究探求一条新的发展思路和研究视角。