中药产后调理提高奶牛生产性能的试验研究

应用中药增乳Ⅰ号进行了产后调理提高奶牛生产性能的试验研究。结果表明,试验组奶牛羊草采食量,产奶量,乳脂率、受胎率均显著高于对照组(P<0.01), 隐性乳房炎发病率显著低于对照组(P<0.01),血清GOT、ALP、钙、磷和血糖浓度两组差异不显著(P>0.05),而且均在正常范围内。说明该方剂能够改善产后奶牛体况,提高奶牛生产性能,对预防多种产后疾病具有一定意义,适宜于奶牛产后应用。     

Noninferiority trial investigating the efficacy of a nonantibiotic intramammary therapy in the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate clinical mastitis in dairy cows with longer lasting udder diseases

A nonblinded, positively controlled, noninferiority trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an alternative, nonantibiotic therapy with Masti Veyxym^® to reduce ineffective antibiotic usage in the treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis (CM) in cows with longer lasting udder diseases. The solely intramammary treatment with Masti Veyxym^® (three applications, 12 hr apart) and the combined treatment with Masti Veyxym^® and antibiotics as usual on the farm according to label of the respective product were compared with the reference treatment of solely antibiotic therapy. The matched field study was conducted on eight free‐stall dairy farms located in Eastern Germany. Cases of mild‐to‐moderate CM in cows with longer lasting high somatic cell counts in preceding dairy herd improvement test days and with previous CM cases in current lactation were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment groups. A foremilk sample of the affected quarter was taken before treatment and again approximately 14 days and 21 days after the end of therapy for cyto‐bacteriological examination. Primary outcomes were clinical cure (CC) and no CM recurrence within 60 days after the end of treatment (no R60). Bacteriological cure (BC) and quarter somatic cell count (QSCC) cure were chosen as secondary outcomes although low probabilities of BC and QSCC cure for selected cows were expected. The study resulted in the following findings: the pathogens mostly cultured from pretreatment samples were Streptococcus uberis, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase‐negative staphylococci. There were no significant differences between the two test treatments in comparison with the reference treatment regarding all outcome variables. The sole therapy with Masti Veyxym^® resulted in a numerically lower likelihood of BC without significant differences to the reference treatment. The combined therapy group showed a numerically higher nonrecurrence rate than the two other treatment groups and noninferiority compared to the reference treatment was proven. Having regard to the selection criteria of cows in this study, the findings indicated that sole treatment with Masti Veyxym^® in nonsevere CM cases may constitute an alternative therapy to reduce antibiotics. However, noninferiority evaluations were mostly inconclusive. Further investigations with a larger sample size are required to confirm the results and to make a clear statement on noninferiority.     

Feeding fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) with either barley straw or pasture silage to non-lactating dairy cows

AIMS: To determine the suitability of diets containing either approximately 85% fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) with barley straw or 65% fodder beet with pasture silage when fed to non-lactating dairy cows, by measuring intakes, digestibility, rumen function including microbial growth, and N excretion.

METHODS: Holstein-Friesian cows fitted with permanent rumen fistulae were fed either 65% fodder beet with pasture silage (Silage; n=8) or 85% fodder beet with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw (Straw; n=8) in an indoor facility over a 9-day period, for measurement of intakes, digestibility, rumen function and urine production. The cows were adapted to the diets over 2 weeks before the indoor measurements. Feed was available for about 6 hours/day, as practiced commercially for wintering non-lactating cows.

RESULTS: Five cows fed the Straw diet had to be removed from the trial because of acute acidosis; four on Day 1 of the measurement period and one on Day 7. One cow allocated to the Silage diet refused to eat fodder beet bulbs and was also removed from the trial. Two cows fed the Silage diet were also treated for acidosis. DM intakes were lower with the Straw than Silage diets (6.4 (SE 0.4) vs. 8.3 (SE 0.5) kg/day) and organic matter (OM) digestibility was lower with the Straw than Silage diets (77 (SE 1) vs. 83 (SE 1) g/100g). The N content of the two diets was 1.14 and 1.75?g/100?g DM and there was a net loss of N by cows fed the Straw diet (?22.7 (SE 7) g/day). Rumen microbial N production was much lower in cows fed the Straw than the Silage diet (6.6 (SE 1.3) vs. 15.8 (SE 0.7) g microbial N/kg digestible OM intake). Concentrations of ammonia in rumen liquid collected on Days 5–6 were below detection limits (<0.1?mmol/L) in 36/48 (75%) samples collected from cows fed the Straw diet and in 27/48 (56%) cows fed the Silage diet. Mean urinary N excretion was lower in cows fed the Straw than the Silage diet (52.0 (SE 5.8) vs. 87.7 (SE 5.9) g/day).

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVENCE: An over-wintering diet for dry cows comprising about 65% fodder beet with 35% pasture silage provided adequate nutrition, although there was some risk of acidosis. In contrast, the diet containing about 85% fodder beet with barley straw resulted in lower DM intakes, poor rumen function, negative N balance so that both nutrition and welfare were compromised.     

奶牛人工授精的优缺点和技术要点

奶牛人工授精技术加速了奶牛品种改良进程,实现了将优秀种公牛精液跨区域、超时限的利用共享,极大地促进了养牛业的发展.以奶牛人工授精应用现状为出发点,介绍了人工授精技术的优点和不足,最后结合自身工作经验,从发情鉴定、适时配种、精液解冻、精液检测、输精、精液保存和妊娠检测等技术要点进行概述,以期更好地促进奶牛人工授精技术的应...     

过瘤胃氨基酸对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能、乳成分和血液生化指标的影响

为研究日粮添加过瘤胃氨基酸对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能、乳成分、血液生化指标和经济效益的影响,选择96头体况良好、健康的泌乳早期荷斯坦牛,泌乳天数为(65±15)天.采用单因素随机区组试验设计,按照年龄、胎次和产奶量相近的原则,将96头奶牛随机分为对照组和试验组,每组48头.对照组为基础日粮,试验组在对照组日粮的基础上添加过...     

奶牛常用饲料中毒的预防与治疗

随着牛肉制品和乳制品需求量的增多,我国养牛业规模也在逐渐增大,反刍动物饲料市场快速发展,从每年全国饲料质量安全监测结果来看,国内饲料产品总体合格率超90%。但个别散养户在奶牛养殖过程中,为降低成本,会给奶牛饲喂农业生产中的副产品,若加工或饲喂方法不当,会引起奶牛中毒,威胁乳制品安全。从其生产中常用的农副产品来看,主要包括玉米、马铃薯、棉籽饼、白菜、萝卜和地瓜等,但是采摘时节不对、贮存条件不合理、饲喂前未进行检查等,奶牛会因食用变质饲料而损害瘤胃和整个机体健康。由于这种饲料源性中毒往往引发急性症状,若养殖人员经验不丰富或日常护理不当,会造成奶牛死亡,严重影响养殖效益。鉴于此,本文对奶牛常用饲料的中毒症状、治疗方法和预防措施进行概述,以期提高奶牛饲料安全性,促进我国奶牛养殖业健康发展。     

感官分析技术及其在乳制品中的应用

随着感官分析技术的不断发展和日趋成熟,其在食品领域中的应用越来越广泛和深入。近年来,随着对食品安全的重视以及消费水平的不断提高,感官品质逐渐成为影响产品质量和消费者购买意愿的重要指标。在乳制品行业,有越来越多的感官分析方法及研究导入,为乳制品的发展提供了重要技术支撑。本文主要介绍了感官分析技术的研究进展及常用方法,并对感官分析技术及其在乳制品中的应用进行了综述,对其未来发展进行了展望,为感官分析技术在乳制品中的应用提供理论依据。     

奶牛乳房炎相关功能基因组学与蛋白质组学研究进展

功能基因组学与蛋白质组学是在基因组和蛋白质整体水平上分析基因功能,研究技术包括差异显示反转录PCR、表达序列标签、基因表达系列分析、生物芯片、RNA干涉、生物信息学、二维凝胶电泳(2-DE)、质谱(MS)等.综述了功能基因组学和蛋白质组学及其研究技术在奶牛乳房炎相关的基因表达、抗性候选基因鉴定、病原微生物蛋白质组学、基因治疗、新诊断靶标筛选等的应用研究进展及展望.     

补铜对铜缺乏奶牛血浆7项生化指标的影响

选择10头患铜缺乏症泌乳奶牛,每头牛内服硫酸铜4 g.d-1,每周1次,连续服用2周,测定补铜前后奶牛血浆Cu、SOD、BUN、Glu、TP、T-AOC、MDA含量。结果显示:试验奶牛补铜后,血浆BUN、TP、SOD水平略高于补铜前(P0.05),血浆Glu、Cu、T-AOC水平明显高于补铜前(P0.05或P0.01),血浆MDA水平显著低于补铜前(P0.01)。结论:补铜能有效的改善铜缺乏奶牛机体能量代谢和抗氧化能力。