A possible critical dosing period of p-cumylphenol for development of cystic kidneys in rat neonates

In accordance with a previous report on cystic kidneys induced in rat neonates when dosed with p-cumylphenol (PCP) for 18 days from postnatal day (PND) 4, 3 rat neonates were dosed with PCP once a day for 14 days, either from PND 14, 21, 28, 35, or 42 as W2, W3, W4, W5, and W6 groups, respectively, to investigate whether dosing periods in different PNDs influenced the development of cystic renal tubules. The lesion was striking in the W2 group and at a lesser magnitude in the W3 group, whereas either kidney was unaffected when dosing was initiated beyond PND 28. These findings, together with the results from the previous study, suggested that PND 14-28 is a critical dosing period for PCP to develop cystic kidneys in rat neonates. The lining epithelium of the cystic tubules was immunohistochemically positive for AQP2. This finding and the anatomical location indicated that the cystic tubules were of collecting duct origin. Either obstruction, fluid accumulation, or reparative hyperplasia of the lining epithelium was unlikely to be involved in the formation of cystic tubules lined with a monolayer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium with a high nuclear density. Thus, the follow-up investigation on PCP suggested a critical dosing period of PND 14-28 in rat neonates for the development of cystic dilation of renal collecting ducts. This study further supports that additive hyperplasia of the lining epithelium is a fundamental basis of this unique lesion.     

Downregulation of the expression of inhibin α subunit and betaglycan in porcine cystic follicles

Inhibins, as members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, downregulate the synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in an endocrine manner. The role of inhibin/betaglycan in the ovary regulation recently gained attention. To date, no data exist on the function of inhibin α subunit and betaglycan in cystic follicles. In this study, the expressions of inhibin α subunit and betaglycan in cystic follicles were investigated using immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Both inhibin α subunit and betaglycan immunoreactivities were mainly localized in the granulosa cells of follicles. Expression of inhibin α subunit and betaglycan was inferior in cystic follicles compared with that in normal large follicles. However, the result of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed no significant difference in the decreasing in concentration of inhibin α subunit in cystic follicular fluid compared with the control (P>0.05). In this study, we explored the effects of FSH on betaglycan expression in granulosa cells in vitro. As expected, a significant increase in the expressions of betaglycan mRNA and protein in granulosa cells was observed in response to exogenous FSH (30 ng/ml) (P<0.05) compared with the control. Consequently, this study provides evidence that the expressions of inhibin α subunit and betaglycan are inferior in cystic follicles, and this may be caused by the decrease in FSH in the presence of a cystic follicle.     

TENESMUS AND STRANGURIA FROM A CYSTIC UTERINE REMNANT

A 14-year-old domestic short hair spayed female cat was examined for tenesmus and stranguria. The abdominal mass discovered was removed and found to be a cystic uterine remnant. Tenesmus and stranguria resolved following mass removal.     

奶牛卵巢囊肿的研究进展

本文从卵巢囊肿的影响因素、发病机理、研究方法展开论述,使读者对该病的认识进一步加深,并且为今后深入研究此病提供更多的理论基础：     

Congenital orbital cysts of neural tissue in two dogs

A 3-month-old English Cocker Spaniel and a 6-month-old miniature poodle presented with clinical signs related to an abnormal right eye since birth. In both dogs, the right globe could not be identified and was replaced by a fluctuant intraorbital mass covered by a vascularized mucous membrane. Ultrasonography demonstrated that both masses were cystic structures markedly larger in size than the normal contralateral globes. In both cases, surgical excision revealed a multilobular cyst filling the whole orbital cavity. Histopathologic examination and immunostaining for glial fibrillary acid protein and S100 protein supported a diagnosis of neural cysts associated with ocular dysplasia. The definitive diagnosis was congenital cystic eye and microphthalmos with cyst for the Cocker Spaniel and miniature poodle, respectively. Karyotype was normal in both dogs. Congenital cystic eye and microphthalmos with cyst result from defects in early embryonic life that arise following formation of the optic vesicle and prior to closure of the optic fissure. To the authors' knowledge neither has been reported in the canine species. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital cysts in dogs.     

奶牛卵巢囊肿分布调查及形成原因分析

为了探讨北京市规模化奶牛场奶牛卵巢囊肿的发病情况、致病因素及形成机制,本研究采用直肠检查及B超诊断,结合奶牛的胎次、分娩季节及血清生化指标、激素水平等分析了奶牛卵巢囊肿的分布情况、影响因素及形成原因。结果表明,卵巢囊肿在所试奶牛场的发病率为10.73%,不同胎次奶牛卵巢囊肿发病率不同;在所有卵巢囊肿奶牛中,夏季分娩奶牛（51.06%）明显高于春季（8.51%）和冬季（17.02%）;胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）及雌二醇（E₂）等与奶牛卵巢囊肿的发生密切相关,其中患有卵巢囊肿奶牛血清胰岛素和IGF-1的平均浓度均显著低于正常奶牛血清值（P < 0.05）,而血清E₂的平均浓度却显著高于正常奶牛血清值（P < 0.05）。该研究结果为奶牛场奶牛卵巢囊肿的预防和治疗提供了可靠的依据。