生物质液化油分级产物的分离和综合利用研究

以浓硫酸为催化剂,采用甲醇-甘油复合溶剂,在高温高压的条件下对竹屑、杨木、桉木和松木进行液化,并且对液化产物进行了中和、过滤和旋转蒸发等一系列分级处理,并对液化固体残渣和气体产物进行分析。主要研究了以竹屑为原料的液化油的分级产物的组成及成分,研究结果表明:竹屑经甲醇-甘油液化,产物经过分级处理得到的主要产物为杂多酚、多糖苷和乙酰丙酸甲酯。多糖苷相主要含有多糖苷和未反应的甘油及其甘油聚合物,其中多糖苷主要为六元环吡喃糖苷,约占41.81%,甘油及其聚合物占47.27%;杂多酚相主要含有乙酰丙酸酯、杂多酚和甘油等化合物,其中甘油及其聚合物占38.04%,杂多酚相物质为难溶于水的焦油相的相对分子质量大的物质,约占杂多酚相的38.41%,并且杂多酚相的相对分子质量主要集中在990左右。     

高剂量丙酸锌对蛋鸡换羽和换羽后产蛋性能及鸡蛋品质的影响

将240只66周龄罗曼蛋鸡（平均2.46 kg）随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每重复20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组日粮在基础日粮基础上分别添加0.5%,1.0%和1.5%丙酸锌,以研究丙酸锌对蛋鸡换羽和产蛋性能及鸡蛋品质的影响。结果表明：0.5%,1.0%和1.5%丙酸锌组,蛋鸡的采食量、体重、腹脂重、卵巢重和黄色卵胞数量显著降低（P〈0.05）;1.0%和1.5%丙酸锌组输卵管重量显著降低（P〈0.05）。丙酸锌的3个处理组蛋鸡血清LH、FSH和E2含量均显著降低（P〈0.05）;1.0%和1.5%的丙酸锌处理组蛋鸡产蛋率显著升高（P〈0.05）,蛋壳相对重、蛋壳厚度均比对照组显著增加（P〈0.05）;蛋重、蛋比重、蛋黄指数、蛋形指数、哈夫单位和蛋白高度差差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。结论：丙酸锌能够引起蛋鸡换羽,提高蛋壳质量。     

不同保鲜剂喷雾处理对冰箱贮藏期间西兰花保鲜效果的影响

以西兰花为试材,在冰箱贮藏条件下(温度(5±1)℃、相对湿度76%±10%),通过测定失重率、VC含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、脂氧合酶(LOX)活性等指标,研究丙酸钙和纳他霉素喷雾处理对西兰花品质和相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,3.0 g/L丙酸钙和1.2 g/L纳他霉素喷雾处理均能有效保持冰箱贮藏期间西兰花的感官品质、硬度、VC含量和CAT活性,并且减少失重,抑制PPO活性和LOX活性的升高,其中丙酸钙喷雾处理的保鲜效果优于纳他霉素。     

丙酸香叶酯的催化合成(英文)

[目的]进行丙酸香叶酯的合成并优化合成条件。[方法]在敞开体系中合成中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、N2吸附-脱附和气相色谱(GC)等方法对所合成样品的结构和催化性能进行表征分析。用其催化合成丙酸香叶酯,考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量、反应物配比及催化剂再生对香叶醇酯化反应结果的影响。[结果]合成的样品具有中孔分子筛的六方介孔结构以及良好的长程有序性和结晶度,属于典型的中孔材料,分子筛表面有弱酸中心。最佳的反应条件是n(香叶醇)/n(丙酸)=1.0∶1.5,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为8h,但香叶醇的转化率仅为40.01%,丙酸香叶酯的选择性为70.01%。催化剂使用到第5次时有失活现象,可通过焙烧除去掩盖酸中心的积碳,使催化剂的活性和选择性得到恢复。[结论]得到了丙酸香叶酯的合成优化条件,为进一步研究奠定基础。     

制霉菌素抗饲料霉变性能的研究

以蛋鸭料为基础，分别在粉状料和颗粒料中添加制霉菌素、丙酸钙、霉敌３种抗真菌制剂，比较了三种抗真菌剂的抗饲料霉变功效．结果表明：颗粒料中的真菌比粉状料明显降低，３种抗菌制剂都有明显的抗真菌效果．其中制霉菌素与霉敌的抗霉菌生长效果优于丙酸钙，并能完全抑制黄曲霉、毛霉、根霉的生长，制霉菌素能显著降低饲料中黄曲霉毒素Ｂ１的含量．添加制霉菌素后粉状料的保质期为５０ｄ，颗粒饲料为６０ｄ，与霉敌基本一致：粉状料添加制霉菌素组比丙酸钙组保质期延长１０ｄ，颗粒料保质期可延长２０ｄ左右．几种处理条件下，当日粮中真菌总数发生明显变化时，饲料中ＣＯ２量也明显增加，因此，应用饲料中ＣＯ２含量作为衡量霉菌总数是一个比较敏感的指标．     

Equine piroplasmosis: An updated review

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick‐borne protozoal disease. The causative agents are Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. Horses infected with T. equi remain carriers for life. Iatrogenic means can also be factors for transmission. Typical clinical signs of acute EP can include fever, anorexia, anaemia, icterus, congested mucous membranes, tachypnoea and tachycardia, sweating, and limb and supraorbital oedema. In severe cases, haemoglobinuria and bilirubinuria are present as well as a variety of atypical presentations due to organ damage and dysfunction. Because clinical pathology is not specific of EP, accurate diagnosis requires specific diagnostic tests. The value and the pertinence of blood smears, polymerase chain reaction and serological tests are presented. Imidocarb propionate is considered as the drug of choice against EP. However, treatment strategies differ greatly between endemic and nonendemic regions. In endemic regions the goal is to reduce clinical disease because premunition plays an important role in the protection of horses, while in nonendemic regions the goal of treatment is to eliminate the risk of transmission with sterilising treatment protocols. As there is no effective vaccine available to date, prevention relies mainly on drug therapy, restriction in the movement of infected horses, and control of tick vectors.     

复方丙酸氯倍他索乳膏对小型猪皮肤长程涂布的毒性观察

目的：观察复方丙酸氯倍他索乳膏对小型猪皮肤长程涂布的毒性。方法：32只巴马小型猪随机分为低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组、对照组4组,每组8只。每日涂药1次,封包6h,连续8周,比较给药前后的动物外观体征、活动状态、体重增加、脏器系数、血液学常规、血液生化学、清晨血清皮质醇浓度,以及皮肤和内脏的病理改变。结果：低、中、高三种剂量对实验动物血液学常规、血液生化学、外观体征、活动状态,体重增加、脏器系数均无不良影响,涂药部位皮肤和心、肝,肾,肺、胃未见异常。但涂药部位肾上腺皮肤萎缩,血清皮质醇浓度下降,其程度随剂量和疗程增加而加强,停药2周后上述改变均可自行恢复。结论：丙酸氯倍他索引起毒性的靶器官是肾上腺皮质和涂药部位皮肤,剂量增加、时间延长其不良反应也增强,停药后可自行恢复。     

丙酸镁对西门塔尔牛尿嘌呤衍生物和微生物蛋白的影响

选用4头年龄3.5岁,体况良好,体重500kg的中国西门塔尔牛阉牛。采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究日粮添加丙酸镁(100g/d)、丙酸(87g/d)和氧化镁(24g/d)对尿嘌呤衍生物(PD)和微生物蛋白(MCP)的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加丙酸镁、丙酸和氧化镁后,丙酸镁组和丙酸组尿囊素、PD、微生物氮(MN)、MCP较对照组和氧化镁组显著提高(P<0.05),但丙酸镁组和丙酸组差异不显著(P>0.05)。日粮添加丙酸镁、丙酸和氧化镁对尿酸(uric acid)含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮中添加丙酸镁和丙酸提高了尿囊素含量和PD、MN和MCP产量,但处理对尿酸没有影响。     

丙酸钙对泌乳早期奶牛泌乳性能和代谢产物的影响

选用32头经产奶牛,根据泌乳期、上个泌乳期305 d产奶量和预产期,采用随机区组设计分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1、2、3组分别在基础日粮基础上添加丙酸钙100、200、300 g/d.结果显示,日粮添加丙酸钙对奶牛的采食量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和乳干物质率无显著影响,200、300 g/d组产奶量和饲料转化效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).200、300 g/d组血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而血浆游离脂肪酸和β-羟丁酸浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);200、300 g/d组尿酮浓度显著低于对照组和100 g/d组(P<0.05).试验结果表明,丙酸钙适宜添加量为200 g/d.     

The Effect of Aerosolized and Intravenously Administered Clenbuterol and Aerosolized Fluticasone Propionate on Horses Challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus Antigen

β-Agonists have been shown to display anti-inflammatory properties in several experimental models. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of clenbuterol (CB), administered either intravenously or by aerosol, in comparison with fluticasone propionate (FP) in recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)-susceptible horses. Eight horses, of which five were known to be susceptible to RAO, underwent an inhalation challenge with Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) antigen and were treated with CB intravenously, CB by aerosol, or FP by aerosol. Twenty-four hours after the challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed, the total and differential cell counts were assessed, and cytokines were measured in isolated alveolar macrophages. After challenge with AF, RAO-susceptible horses showed an increase in total cell count, based on an increase in macrophages and lymphocytes, which was inhibited by treatment with intravenous CB, aerosolized CB and aerosolized FP. Neutrophil ratios were decreased when treated with aerosolized CB and FP. Expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL −8 was significantly increased after AF challenge .Interleukin −1β was significantly decreased following treatment with intravenous CB, aerosolized CB and aerosolized FP, whereas only FP decreased the expression of IL-8. These data suggest that the anti-inflammatory property of CB provide new opportunities in the therapeutic intervention of early inflammation in RAO.