Annual net production of the five Sargassaceae species in Yoro,western Wakasa Bay,Sea of Japan

ABSTRACT:   Annual net production of the five Sargassaceae species was investigated in Yoro, western Wakasa Bay, Sea of Japan. The Sargassaceae species were collected at a depth of 2.0–2.5 m and subjected to stratified clipping for 13 months. Annual net production was estimated at 2407 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum patens , 2132 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum macrocarpum , 1458 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum siliquastrum , 1197 g dry wt/m² for Myagropsis myagroides , and 1471 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum piluliferum . The ratio of annual net production to maximum biomass (P/B_max) for these species ranged between 1.3 and 1.7, being higher than in previous studies which used the same method. Winter storms with strong wave exposure and relatively calm condition in Yoro were considered to augment P/B_max. The total losses estimated from the different units of stratified clipping were compared. If larger and less segregated units were applied, the total loss would decrease. It was suggested that a 50 cm stratum would be applicable to the larger species (3 m or longer) and a stratum of 20 cm or less would be applicable to mid-sized or smaller species (less than 3 m).     

苦瓜劈接嫁接夹固定嫁接技术

苦瓜是我国主要蔬菜经济作物之一,采用优良砧木进行劈接嫁接夹固定法嫁接,是实现高产优质的重要途径。该文就苦瓜砧木和接穗的选择、育苗、嫁接和嫁接后的管理进行了介绍,以为苦瓜嫁接育苗提供参考。     

Preventive effects of Clostridium butyricum on gastric ulceration induced by pylorus ligature in mice

AIM: To investigate the preventive effects of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) on the type of pylorus ligated gastric ulcer (GU) in mice and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: ICR mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation group, model group, C. butyricum pretreatment group and omeprazole pretreatment group. Gastric pyloric ligation was adopted to establish GU model in mice. The gastric juice was collected to measure the content of gastric free mucus, the pH of gastric juice and the activity of pepsin. The gastric tissues were collected for routine HE staining to observe the pathological changes. The content of glycogen was detected by PAS staining. The protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in the gastric mucosa was also assessed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The HE and PAS staining showed that the C. butyricum pretreatment obviously attenuated the mucosa lesion induced by ligation. Compared with model group, the pH of gastric juice was significantly raised. The activity of pepsin fell off in C. butyricum group, which was lower than that in omeprazole group. In comparison with model group, the content of gastric free mucus was dramatically increased and PAS staining showed a significant rise in C. butyricum group, but not in omeprazole group. The protein expression of Bax was decreased and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was upgraded in C. butyricum group than those in model group. CONCLUSION: C. butyricum protects gastric mucosa against the challenge of pylorus ligation in mice and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting gastric acid secretion and the activation of pepsin, increasing the production of gastric free mucus, strengthening the expression of bcl-2 gene and inhibiting the expression of bax gene.     

单片微机电力网无功自动补偿节能装置的研制

针对式农业电力网感性负载较多，功率因数较低的情况，研制出一种电力网无功补偿装置，可根据电力网功率因数的高低，采用单片微机进行相应的数据处理得到电网我最佳无功补偿量，从而投入或切除相应容量的并联电容器。使电网我运行在最佳功率因数状态，实现电网的运行，同时对该装置了智能化设计。     

Hemodynamic changes of abdominal organs in the early stage of septic mice induced by cecal ligation and puncture

AIM: To characterize the hemoperfusion of abdominal organs in the early stage of sepsis in mice. METHODS: Health male Kunming mice were used in the study (n=100). The techniques of 2D, M-mode and pulse-wave Doppler were applied to evaluate the systolic functions of the heart and the blood flow of abdominal aorta, right renal artery and portal vein before cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) as the baseline and at the time points of 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h and 60 h after CLP. The mice survived for 7 d were considered as survivals. All data were compared with the baseline values.RESULTS: The cardiac output of the CLP mice remained in normal or hyperdynamic levels in the early stage of sepsis. Compensatory responses of systolic functions were observed. The levels of blood flow in abdominal aorta were increased first and then decreased. Resistent index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of abdominal aorta began to increase at the time point of 24 h. Blood flow of right renal artery showed a significant decline from the beginning to the end of our observation. No significant difference of the right arteriorenal RI and PI was observed. Portal venous flow increased significantly at 12 h, and decreased at 24 h after CLP. Congestion index of the portal vein was distinctly increased from 12 h to the end of the observation. CONCLUSION: The hemodynamics of abdominal organs in early stage of septic mice shows specific changes, indicating an important role in evaluating the mechanism of sepsis.     

勺夹式藠头排种器设计与试验

针对藠头（Allium chinense）种植劳动强度大、人工成本高等问题,该研究设计了一种由排种盘、取种勺、取投种凸轮、种箱、安装板等组成的勺夹式藠头排种器。对该排种器工作原理和取种、携种、投种过程进行理论分析,建立离散元仿真模型,对取种过程进行仿真分析,确定了最优种勺结构。以大叶藠为对象,以取种合格率和漏取率为试验指标,进行种勺直径、种勺深度、取种起始角、种面高度与种箱高度之比和取种速度5因素显著性筛选试验,并以种勺直径、取种起始角、种面高度与种箱高度之比为试验因素进行回归正交试验;采用Plackett-Burman试验法和Box-Behnken中心试验法建立取种合格率和漏取率的回归模型,并进行参数优化,获得最优参数组合为种勺直径27 mm、取种起始角30°和种面高度与种箱高度之比92.5%。在最优参数组合下进行台架试验,得到取种合格率91.17%,漏取率6.17%。田间试验结果表明在前进速度0.1～0.2 m/s的条件下,该排种器平均播种合格率、平均重播率和漏播率分别为63.10%、12.76%和24.14%。研究结果可为藠头播种机械的研究与设计提供参考。     

大豆凝集素在不同种属动物小肠中残留、结合和内吞特点的比较研究

选取5种动物为试验对象,生理年龄均在1/2性成熟期,每种动物4头,猪(长白,70 d)、羊(小尾寒羊,60 d)、狗(比格犬,80 d)、兔(日本大耳白,75 d)和鸡(爱拔益加,75 d)。采用体内原位结扎灌注肠段的方法研究不同浓度大豆凝集素(SBA)在不同种属动物小肠中的残留、结合和内吞特点。动物禁食24 h后,注入麻醉剂,剪去腹部体毛,打开腹腔,结扎空肠前段,(各种动物以空肠前段1/3处相对位置开始结扎)。用30 m L(39±1)℃的生理盐水冲洗隔离的肠段,以冲洗肠段内残余的食糜,分别结扎4段5 cm长的肠段,用注射器分别输入含不同浓度SB(A 0、0.5、1.0 m g/m L和3.0 m g/m L)的Krebs液。灌注时间8 h。试验结束后,采用间接抑制ELISA方法检测3个指标:灌注液中SBA的残留率,肠黏膜表面SBA的结合率,进入小肠壁的SBA的内吞率。结果表明:大豆凝集素在动物小肠中的结合特点存在种属差异;比较而言,SBA在猪和狗小肠中的内吞率和结合率高于羊,兔和鸡的内吞率也较大,且SBA的不同浓度对其在小肠壁上的内吞也有较大影响,低浓度时SBA的结合率和内吞率较大。     

Bursting tension of medium and large canine arteries sealed with ultrasonic energy or suture ligation

OBJECTIVE: To compare bursting tension of arteries > or =3 mm in diameter sealed with ultrasonic energy (UE) with arteries ligated with suture. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental, nested factorial design. SAMPLE POPULATION: Vascular segments from canine cadavers. METHODS: Arterial segments (12) were collected from each of 16 canine cadavers and equally divided into 2 groups based on vessel diameter (medium, 3.0- < 4.5 mm; large, 4.5 - < or =6.0 mm). Arterial specimens (3) from each group were sealed with either UE (Harmonic Scalpel, HS, power level 3) or suture ligation. The mean bursting pressure and tension were determined and compared. RESULTS: Bursting tension was significantly higher (P< .0001) for sutured arteries than UE-occluded arteries, irrespective of size. Bursting tension was significantly higher (P=.0013) for medium than large UE-occluded arteries, whereas there was no difference associated with size for ligated arteries. UE energy failed to seal 1 medium artery and 7 large arteries. Compared with normal blood pressure, bursting pressures were 3.5 times greater for sutured arteries irrespective of size, 1.8 times greater for medium UE-occluded arteries, and approached normal blood pressure for large UE-occluded arteries. CONCLUSION: At the power level tested, UE should not be used to seal arteries > 4.5 mm in diameter. Suture provided an optimal seal for arteries < or =6.0 mm in diameter. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of UE to occlude arteries during laparoscopic surgery is advantageous because only 1 instrument is required to simultaneously cut and coagulate tissue, but care should be exercised where large arteries might be encountered.     

Ralstonia solanacearum virulence in tomato seedlings inoculated by leaf clipping

Ralstonia solanacearum is a phytopathogenic bacterium that colonizes the xylem vessels of host plants leading to a lethal wilt disease. Although several studies have investigated the virulence of R. solanacearum on adult host plants, infection studies of this pathogen on the seedling stages of hosts are less common. In a preliminary observation, inoculation of R. solanacearum F1C1 on 6‐ to 7‐day‐old tomato seedlings by a simple leaf‐clip strategy resulted in a lethal pathogenic condition in seedlings that eventually killed these seedlings within a week post‐inoculation. This prompted testing of the effect of this inoculation technique in seedlings from different cultivars of tomato and similar results were obtained. Colonization and spread of the bacteria throughout the infected seedlings was demonstrated using gus‐tagged R. solanacearum F1C1. The same method of inoculating tomato seedlings was used with R. solanacearum GMI1000 and independent mutants of R. solanacearum GMI1000, deficient in the virulence genes hrpB, hrpG, phcA and gspD. Wildtype R. solanacearum GMI1000 was found to be virulent on tomato seedlings, whereas the mutants were found to be non‐virulent. This leaf‐clip technique, for inoculation of tomato seedlings, has the potential to be a valuable approach, saving time, space, labour and costs.     

适用于散叶烘烤的无缝悬挂烟夹研制与应用

[目的]研制与应用适用于散叶烘烤的无缝悬挂烟夹。[方法]通过烘烤试验对无缝悬挂烟夹进行验证。[结果]与传统挂竿相比,烟夹单炕用于夹烟、装烟、卸烟、解烟的用工比挂竿减少3.00个;单炕技改成本增加10 300.00元;单夹装烟量增加1倍,单炕装烟量提高34%;干烟耗煤量减少0.31 kg/kg,干烟耗电量减少0.14(k W·h)/kg,能耗成本减少0.22元/kg;烤后烟叶上等烟比例、黄烟比例、均价分别提高了4.74%、0.58%和1.08元/kg;烤后烟叶淀粉降低1.92%,化学成分协调性较好。[结论]该装置改善了烟叶烘烤质量,可实现烘烤环节中减工降本增效。