无核葡萄胚发育及早期离体培养的研究:Ⅲ.培养方式对离体胚发育的影响

对5个无核葡萄品种的试验表明,不同培养方式对离体胚发育的影响是很明显的,其中4个品种胚发育率液体培养高于固体培养,‘京早晶’在液体培养中胚发育率高达73.7%,是目前国内外胚发育率最高的报道;液体培养比固体培养胚的发育程度高,发育整齐,无畸形胚,易成苗.     

微量元素Se缺乏或过量对雏鸡组织Se含量影响的研究

选用１０２６只１周龄罗斯蛋用雏鸡为试验动物，研究不同日粮Ｓｅ水平对雏鸡组织Ｓｅ含量的影响。结果表明雏鸡的Ｓｅ缺乏或过量均可通过各组织Ｓｅ含量的变化反映出来，但反映的敏感性及临界指示值因组织及发育期不同而异。日粮Ｓｅ水平缺乏或过量时，各组织Ｓｅ含量相应降低或增加。在本试验条件下得出罗斯蛋用雏鸡的Ｓｅ需要量范围为０．１４５×１０￣（－６）～０．４９５×１０￣（－６），其中以０．１９５×１０￣（－６）最佳；日粮Ｓｅ含量≤０．０９５×１０￣（－６）或≥０．９９５×１０￣（－６），雏鸡出现Ｓｅ缺乏症或中毒症。     

光照对“星布罗”肉用仔鸡的生长发育及胰腺内分泌细胞结构和功能的影响

将72只日龄为14d的“星布罗”肉用仔鸡随机分为实验和对照两组,每组36只。实验组接受强度为151x的1L:3D间歇性白炽灯光照,对照组为自然光照。两组的饲喂条件相同。结果:与对照组相比,实验组体重略高而料肉比略低,实验组鸡胰腺A、B细胞的内分泌颗粒减少,A颗粒粒芯周围出现大致均匀的晕轮,B颗粒粒芯呈现不典型的针状、棒状或环状,PP细胞的内分泌颗粒明显增大、增多,胞浆中的粗面内质网、高尔基复合体和线粒体等数量增多。两组鸡的D细胞无明显差异。34日龄的实验组鸡血浆胰岛素含量明显高于对照组,且与体重呈正相关。     

奶牛冷冻胚胎规模化移植效果研究

为了提高奶牛良种化程度,对奶牛冷冻胚胎的规模化移植效果进行了研究。结果表明:PG二次肌注法的发情率显著高于(P<0.05)PG一次肌注法,两种方法的发情同期率均超过85%,受体牛发情时间多集中在肌注PG后48～72h;胚胎解冻后的复苏率达到82.58%,且早期囊胚与囊胚的复苏率要高于桑椹胚(P>0.05);共移植受体牛218头,受胎97头,受胎率为44.5%,且春、秋季的移植效果差异不显著(P>0.05)。为奶牛冻胚的规模化移植研究提供了参考依据。     

波尔山羊胚胎移植影响因素的分析

波尔山羊胚胎移植效果受诸多因素的影响，供体状况、药物、季节等因素使供体超排效果产生较大的差异，而受体状况、胚胎质量等对受体的妊娠率产生较大的影响，这些因素阻碍了波尔山羊胚胎移植的产业化应用。本文对以上影响波尔山羊胚胎移植效果的因素进行了分析，以期为提高胚胎移植效率提供依据，从而促进波尔山羊胚胎移植产业化进程。     

动物胚胎工程技术研究进展

动物胚胎生物工程是用人工方法对动物卵母细胞或胚胎进行改造的技术,在育种中可使优良的种质特性和遗传潜力得到充分发挥,是家畜繁殖领域的一次技术革命.论述了目前国内外胚胎生物工程的研究成果.     

鸡抗球虫药的体外筛选综述

抗鸡球虫药的筛选分为体内筛选和体外筛选。体外筛选具有简易、迅速、准确和经济的优点。本文在前人大量工作的基础上，总结了体外筛选的全过程，并分述了细胞培养筛选法和鸡胚培养筛选法。     

Differential gene expression of Eph‐ephrin A1 and LEPR‐LEP with high or low number of embryos in pigs during implantation

The objective of this study was to ascertain whether mRNA and protein expressions of implantation‐related genes (erythropoietin‐producing hepatocellular receptor–ligand A1, Eph‐ephrin A1 and leptin receptor–leptin, LEPR‐LEP) differed between pigs with high and low number of embryos, and whether these differences in gene expression might affect embryo implantation. Experimental pig groups (n = 24) for high and low number of embryos were prepared by altering the number of eggs ovulated in pre‐pubertal gilts treated with 1.5 × (High) or 1.0 × (Low) PG600 ([400 IU PMSG + 200 IU hCG]/dose, AKZO‐NOBEL). Gilts expressing oestrus were artificially inseminated twice and maintained in breeding and gestation until the reproductive tract was collected on day 22 of pregnancy. At slaughter, the reproductive tracts from each pregnant gilt from each treatment were immediately processed to collect samples for RNA and protein analysis. Within each gilt, three conceptus points were sampled, one from each horn and then a random conceptus within the tract. At each conceptus point, endometrial attachment site, chorion–allantois and embryo were collected and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Number of corpus luteum (CL) (35.4 vs. 12.6) and total embryo number (18.8 vs. 10.2) were greater in the high‐embryo compared to the low‐embryo group, respectively (p < .05). Real‐time qPCR results showed that Eph‐ephrin A1 mRNA expression was less in the high‐embryo (p < .05) compared to the low‐embryo group. In addition, Western blotting analysis indicated that Eph‐ephrin A1 and LEP protein expression at endometrial attachment site in high‐embryo was less (p < .05) compared to low‐embryo group. It was also noted that mRNA expression of Eph‐ephrin A1 and LEPR‐LEP was greater in pregnant than non‐pregnant gilts (p < .05). Moreover, mRNA expression of Eph‐ephrin A1 (p < .05) and LEPR‐LEP was greatest at endometrial attachment site among all three tissues. There was a positive correlation between expressions of Eph‐ephrin A1, LEPR‐LEP and embryo length with the correlation coefficient 0.31–0.59. For Eph‐ephrin A1, the highest correlation coefficient appeared between Eph A1 expression and normal embryo number, between ephrin A1 expression and embryo length. For LEPR‐LEP, the highest correlation coefficient appeared between LEPR‐LEP expression and ovary weight (0.79 for both, p < .05), followed by embryo length and weight. The results of this study suggest that low expression of Eph‐ephrin A1 and LEPR‐LEP is somehow related to increased embryo number during implantation and that endometrial attachment site might be the main target tissue of these gene products. Yet, the increased expression of Eph‐ephrin A1 and LEPR‐LEP appeared associated with increased embryo growth (length and weight) and ovary weight, Eph‐ephrin A1 and LEPR‐LEP might play roles in the regulation of embryo implantation in pigs.     

小麦不同外植体的组织培养效果研究

良好的组织培养效果是提高植物基因转化效率的基础。以山东省近年来育成并大面积推广的10个优良品种（系）为材料,对这些品种的花药、幼穗、幼胚和成熟胚的组织培养效果进行研究,旨在筛选每一基因型最适合于组织培养的外植体类型,为应用基因工程技术进行小麦遗传改良提供基础材料。结果表明,禽伤诱导率和再生成苗率与基因型和外植体类型（花药、幼穗、幼胚和成熟胚）密切相关。8802在花药和成熟胚培养中表现突出,花药出愈率达119．5％,愈伤分化成苗率19．9％;烟农19的幼穗愈伤直接分化成苗率最高,这43．5％;8802、烟农19和潍麦8号三个基因型的幼胚培养效果差异不显著,其愈伤分化成苗率分别为26．3％、24．5％和24．8％。蔗糖浓度在3％～9％之间,对成熟胚的愈伤组织诱导率影响很小。高浓度蔗糖降低愈伤生长速度。在一定蔗糖浓度下,愈伤诱导率与2,4-D浓度密切相关,高浓度的2,4-D对愈伤组织再生不利。MS＋4mg／L2,4-D对于成熟胚的脱分化相对较好,MS和MS＋0．4mg／L NAA＋0．6mg／L KT作为成熟胚的愈伤组织再生培养基,对不同基因型具有一定的适用性。